Howrah: Difference between revisions

| name                   = Howrah

| native_name           = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->

| native_name_lang       =  

| other_name             = Haora

| settlement_type       = City

| image_skyline         = {{multiple image

| border = infobox

| total_width = 275

| caption1          = The [[Howrah Bridge]]

|image2 =Unitech - Gateway Cluster 1 - Residential Complex - Santragachi - Howrah 2014-04-06 0611.JPG

|caption2= High-rise apartments in [[Santragachi]]

|image3=Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden - Howrah 2011-01-08 9756.JPG

|caption3= [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden]] at [[Shibpur]]

|image4=Campus Road - Bengal Engineering and Science University - Sibpur - Howrah 2013-06-08 9317.JPG

|caption4 = Inside [[IIEST Shibpur]] campus

|image5 = Sabuj Sathi Krirangan - Howrah Indoor Stadium - Dumurjala - Howrah 2023-05-27 7780.jpg

|caption5 = [[Howrah Indoor Stadium]] at [[Dumurjala Sports City]]

|image6= Howrah Station.jpg

|caption6= [[Howrah Junction railway station]], biggest (in terms of number of platforms), oldest and busiest railway station of India (as of 2023).

| pushpin_map            = India Kolkata#India West Bengal#India#Asia#Earth

| pushpin_label_position =right

| pushpin_map_alt        =  

| pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Kolkata##Location in West Bengal##Location in India##Location in Asia##Location in Earth

| pushpin_mapsize        = 300

| coordinates            = {{Coord|22|34|48|N|88|19|46|E|region:IN-WB|display=inline,title}}

| nickname              = [[Sheffield]] of India<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bengal (India) |first1=West |title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Calcutta and Howrah |year=1972 |publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z8FFAQAAIAAJ&q=howrah+sheffield+w+of+india |language=en |access-date=19 February 2021 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010040559/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/West_Bengal_District_Gazetteers_Calcutta/z8FFAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=howrah+sheffield+w+of+india&dq=howrah+sheffield+w+of+india&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shaw |first1=Shri Ram |title=Sheffield of India dying an untimely death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sheffield-of-india-dying-an-untimely-death/articleshow/336158732.cms |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=20 September 2001 |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011172707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sheffield-of-India-dying-an-untimely-death/articleshow/336158732.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

| subdivision_type      = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]

| subdivision_type1      = [[States and union territories of India|State]]

| subdivision_type2      = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]

| subdivision_type3      = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]

| subdivision_type4      = [[List of metropolitan area in West Bengal|Region]]

| subdivision_name1      = {{flagicon image|..West Bengal Flag(INDIA).png}} [[West Bengal]]

| subdivision_name2      = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]

| subdivision_name3      = [[Howrah district|Howrah]]

| subdivision_type5      =  

| subdivision_name5      =  

| established_title      = <!-- Established -->

| named_for              =  

| government_type        = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]

| governing_body        = [[Howrah Municipal Corporation]]

| leader_party          = [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]]

| leader_title1          = Police commissioner

| leader_name1          = C Sudhakar, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Kolkata, Howrah, Salt Lake get new police commissioners ahead of assembly polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kolkata-howrah-salt-lake-get-new-police-commissioners-ahead-of-assembly-polls-101612628287021.html |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=6 February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208084443/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kolkata-howrah-salt-lake-get-new-police-commissioners-ahead-of-assembly-polls-101612628287021.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

| unit_pref              = Metric

| area_footnotes        = <ref name='HC'>{{cite web |title=Howrah Corporation |url=https://www.myhmc.in/about-hmc/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110150339/https://www.myhmc.in/about-hmc/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=HMC |url=https://www.hmcgov.in/hmcweb/pdf/Mission%20and%20Vision.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bally Municipality |url=http://www.ballymunicipality.org/1.php?page_id=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114655/http://www.ballymunicipality.org/1.php?page_id=2 |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>

| area_total_km2        = 63.55

| area_rank              =

| elevation_footnotes    =  

| elevation_m            = 12

| population_total      = 1077075

| population_as_of      = 2011

| population_footnotes  = <ref name="census2011" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Bally 2011 census |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bally |access-date=14 August 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226125913/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bally |url-status=live }}</ref>

| population_density_km2=auto

| population_rank       =  

| blank2_info_sec1      = [[Howrah Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Uttar]], [[Bally (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bally]], [[Howrah Madhya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Madhya]], [[Howrah Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Howrah Dakshin]], [[Shibpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shibpur]]

| website                = {{URL|www.myhmc.in}}

'''Howrah''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|r|ə}}, {{IPA-bn|ˈɦao̯ɽa|lang}}, alternatively spelled as '''Haora''')<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=Haora - India |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Haora |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 January 2021 |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119220545/https://www.britannica.com/place/Haora |url-status=live }}</ref> is a city in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. Howrah is located on the western bank of the [[Hooghly River]] opposite its twin city of [[Kolkata]]. Administratively it lies within [[Howrah district]], and is the headquarters of the [[Howrah Sadar subdivision]]. It is the second biggest city after [[Kolkata]] in [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]] as well as [[West Bengal]]. Howrah is an important transportation hub and gateway to Kolkata and West Bengal.

Dependent on definitions and geographical boundaries Howrah is measured as either the 2nd or 3rd largest city in West Bengal (behind Kolkata, and perhaps Asansol). {{As of|2011}} Indian census, Howrah (not including the now re-incorporated [[Bally Municipality]]) had a population of {{#statements:population}} with {{#statements:number of households}} households.<ref name="census2011" /> <ref group=note>Census data of Howrah can be difficult to compare as the city is sometimes grouped together with the [[Kolkata]] and other settlements as the [[Kolkata metropolitan area]]. Further care needs to be taken to distinguish Howrah town from Howrah district. It is also worth noting that Bally Municipality was re-incorporated into Howrah in 2015</ref> In 2011 Bally had a population of 293,373.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bally 2011 census |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bally |access-date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814065726/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bally |url-status=live }}</ref>

|title=Religions in Howrah City{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}{{when|date=July 2021}}

Howrah has a [[Tropical savanna climate|Tropical wet-and-dry climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. The temperature averages 26.3&nbsp;°C. Precipitation averages 1744&nbsp;mm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/969448/ |title=Howrah climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Howrah weather averages - Climate-Data.org |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114554/https://en.climate-data.org/location/969448/ |archive-date=15 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

|location=Howrah, 1981–2010

|metric first=Yes

|single line=Yes

|Jan high C=25.8

|Feb high C=29.2

|Mar high C=33.5

|Apr high C=35.3

|May high C=35.3

|Jun high C=33.8

|Jul high C=32.4

|Aug high C=32.2

|Sep high C=32.4

|Oct high C=32.2

|Nov high C=30.1

|Dec high C=27.0

|year high C=31.6

|Jan low C=14.1

|Feb low C=17.8

|Mar low C=22.4

|Apr low C=25.3

|May low C=26.4

|Jun low C=26.8

|Jul low C=26.5

|Aug low C=26.4

|Sep low C=26.0

|Oct low C=24.1

|Nov low C=19.7

|Dec low C=15.2

|year low C=22.6

|Jan precipitation mm=10.4

|Feb precipitation mm=20.9

|Mar precipitation mm=35.2

|Apr precipitation mm=58.9

|May precipitation mm=133.1

|Jun precipitation mm=300.6

|Jul precipitation mm=396.0

|Aug precipitation mm=344.5

|Sep precipitation mm=318.0

|Oct precipitation mm=180.5

|Nov precipitation mm=35.1

|Dec precipitation mm=3.2

|year precipitation mm=

|Jan rain days=1.1

|Feb rain days=1.7

|Mar rain days=2.2

|Apr rain days=3.4

|May rain days=7.0

|Jun rain days=12.8

|Jul rain days=17.7

|Aug rain days=16.9

|Sep rain days=13.9

|Oct rain days=7.4

|Nov rain days=1.3

|Dec rain days=0.5

|source 1=[[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://city.imd.gov.in/citywx/localwx.php |title=Howrah climate 1981-2010 |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

[[Howrah Municipal Corporation]] is responsible for the administration of Howrah. The tenure of the last board of HMC had ended back on 10 December 2018. From then onwards the corporation has been run by unelected board of administrators selected by the West Bengal government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Calcutta High Court orders Bengal government to immediately hold Howrah Municipal polls |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/calcutta-high-court-orders-bengal-government-to-immediately-hold-howrah-municipal-polls-1502949334.html |access-date=6 September 2021 |work=The Statesman |date=29 January 2021 |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905215825/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/calcutta-high-court-orders-bengal-government-to-immediately-hold-howrah-municipal-polls-1502949334.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Howrah City Police]] is responsible for law enforcement in the city.

[[Howrah Municipal Corporation|Howrah Municipality]] was established in 1862.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/DIS%5CMUNI_COR_Howrah.htm |title=Howrah Municipal Corporation |publisher=Official website of Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal |access-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317203441/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_COR_Howrah.htm |archive-date=17 March 2012}}</ref> From 1896, it started supplying filter water across the city.<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Malley|Chakravarti|1909|p=28}}</ref> During 1882–83, [[Bally Municipality]] was formed separating it out from Howrah.<ref name=OMC31/> As per the ''Howrah Municipal Corporation Act of 1980'', Howrah became a municipal corporation in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbdma.gov.in/htm/MUNI_Legislation_OtherMunicipalCorporationActs.htm |title=Other Municipal Corporation Acts |publisher=Official website of Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal |access-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810200753/http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/MUNI_Legislation_OtherMunicipalCorporationActs.htm |archive-date=10 August 2009}}</ref> The corporation area was divided into fifty wards, each of which elects a councillor.<ref name=hmc /> The Mayor-in-council, which is led by Mayor and supported by Commissioner and officers, is responsible for administration of the corporation area.<ref name=hmc/> In 2015, the Bally Municipality was re-amalgamated into Howrah Municipal Corporation, through Corporation vide notification no. 428/MA/O/C-4/IM-36/2014 dated 26 June 2015, which increased the total number of wards to 66.<ref name='HC'/><ref>{{cite news |title=HMC sets up 'Mayor's Cop' to monitor civic amenities |journal=Millennium Post |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/hmc-sets-up-mayors-cop-to-monitor-civic-amenities-118977 |first=Pritesh |last=Basu |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115092225/http://www.millenniumpost.in/hmc-sets-up-mayors-cop-to-monitor-civic-amenities-118977 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Howrah also hosts the temporary administrative office of the state of [[West Bengal]]. The office of the Chief Minister of state had been traditionally posted at the [[Writers' Building]], however owing to renovation of the building, the administration has been occupying the [[Nabanna (building)|Nabanna]] building.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kolkata's iconic Writer's Building gets ready for a facelift |url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Culture/2014/london-dreams.html |publisher=The Weekend Leader |date=4 October 2014 |access-date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819163201/http://www.theweekendleader.com/Culture/2014/london-dreams.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Development and growth==

Even though it is one of the largest cities in the state, Howrah witnessed urbanization in an unplanned manner.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} As a result, Howrah is continuing to face its perennial problems like traffic congestion, population explosion and pollution.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGZPAAAAMAAJ |title=Howrah, a Study in Urbanization |last=Mukherjee |first=Alok Kumar |year=1992 |publisher=Chatterjee Publishers |isbn=9788185089089 |language=en |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010040539/https://books.google.com/books?id=cGZPAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

The city contains a few unlicensed and unregulated residential areas or slums. The name of the novel [[City of Joy]], which has been often the name the [[Kolkata]] metropolis been called, is actually based on one such slum of Howrah.<ref name="cityofjoy">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-city-of-joy-an-ocean-of-human-misery-1189306.html |access-date=22 September 2019 |title=Review of the book 'City of Joy', authored by Dominique Lapierre |website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |date=5 December 1998 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922110513/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-city-of-joy-an-ocean-of-human-misery-1189306.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, recently, work has been done on broadening the National Highways and several local roads.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} These activities are expected to help in improvement of traffic conditions. Of late, Howrah has seen a lot of new industrial proposals like the Kona Truck Terminus,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/kona-truck-terminal-in-limbo/cid/938760 |title=KONA TRUCK TERMINAL IN LIMBO |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108164748/https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/kona-truck-terminal-in-limbo/cid/938760 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kolkata West International City]] and relocation of the old smoky foundry plants.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}. The West Bengal Government has also planned a major renovation of the city to match the city's urban facilities with its neighboring city Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/howrah-to-become-a-mega-city/articleshow/38260786.cms |title=Howrah to become a mega city |newspaper=The Times of India |date=12 July 2014 |language=en |access-date=8 November 2020 |archive-date=7 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907073316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/howrah-to-become-a-mega-city/articleshow/38260786.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Burn Standard Company]], a major company in heavy engineering industry, has its oldest manufacturing unit located in Howrah.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbunl.com/co_burn.html |title=Group Companies: Burn Standard Co. Ltd. |publisher=Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam Limited |access-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225160816/http://www.bbunl.com/co_burn.html |archive-date=25 December 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Ramkrishna Forgings]] one of the largest forging company in India has one of its plant located at [[Liluah]] in Howrah. The Howrah plant of [[Shalimar Paints]] (established in 1902) was the first large-scale paint manufacturing plant to be set up not only in India but in entire South East Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shalimarpaints.com/about_fac.html |title=Shalimar Paints:About us – Manufacturing Facilities |access-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115152538/http://www.shalimarpaints.com/about_fac.html |archive-date=15 January 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The city houses one of the major manufacturing units of [[Tarsons Products]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarsons Products: Diversified portfolio & strong distribution network to facilitate its growth across geographies |url=https://mintgenie.livemint.com/news/markets/tarsons-products-diversified-portfolio-strong-distribution-network-to-facilitate-its-growth-across-geographies-151673427995452 |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Mintgenie |language=en}}</ref> The jute industry suffered during the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)]], when the larger jute production area became part of [[East Pakistan]] (now Bangladesh). The foundry industry saw a decline in demand due to growth in steel industry.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

Howrah can be accessed from its many rail links, road links to National Highways, as well as its [[Transport in Kolkata|transport connections to Kolkata]]. Apart from the bridges connecting the cities, there are also ferry services between various jetties.

[[Howrah Junction railway station]] (more commonly referred to as Howrah Station) is the major railway station serving Howrah, Kolkata and the neighbouring districts. It is the second busiest rail station in India, along with being the largest largest railway station in terms of number of platform. It was established in 1854 when a railway line was constructed connecting the city to the coalfields of [[Bardhaman district|Bardhaman]]. Howrah Station serves as a terminal for two railway zones of India: the [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]] and the [[South Eastern Railway (India)|South Eastern Railway]], and it is connected to most of the major cities of India. From Howrah both Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway operates connecting various stations of the districts of Howrah, [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], Bardhaman, [[Purba Medinipur district|East Midnapore]] and [[Paschim Medinipur district|West Midnapore]]. Within Howrah city itself, there are twelve more stations, the most prominents being [[Santragachi Junction railway station|Santragachi]] and [[Shalimar railway station|Shalimar]].

[[File:Howrah metro station.jpg|thumb|Howrah Metro Station ( under construction )]]

Howrah is planned to be served by the [[Kolkata Metro Line 2]] with Salt Lake in Kolkata via a tunnel under River Hooghly. On the Howrah side, the 2 Stations will be at [[Howrah metro station|Howrah Station]] and [[Howrah Maidan metro station|Howrah Maidan]].  

As of April 2022 these stations are under construction. The first trial run between Esplanade and Howrah Maidan has been conducted and several more trial runs are planned to be done.

The total road length in Howrah is approximately {{cvt|300|km|mile}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hmc.org.in/home/engineering.php |title=Engineering Department |publisher=Official website of the Howrah Municipality |access-date=31 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006123707/http://www.hmc.org.in/home/engineering.php |archive-date=6 October 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Howrah hosts a branch of the [[Grand Trunk Road]] – this was built, starting 1804, by the Public Works Department of the British administration.<ref name=OMC119 /> The road starts at the [[Indian Botanical Gardens|Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bsienvis.nic.in/PDF/Newsletter%2015(1).pdf |title=ENVIS Newsletter |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319212040/http://www.bsienvis.nic.in/PDF/Newsletter%2015(1).pdf |archive-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and connects to the main road near [[Chandannagar]].<ref name=OMC119/> Howrah also connects the metropolitan region to the national highways – [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]] and [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]], which are connected to Vidyasagar Setu via the [[Kona Expressway]].

*[[Howrah Bridge]], also known as ''Rabindra Setu''

*[[Vidyasagar Setu]], also known as the ''second Hooghly Bridge''

*[[Vivekananda Setu]], also known as ''Bally Bridge''

*[[Nivedita Setu]], also known as ''Second Bally Bridge''

The [[cantilever|cantilever style]] [[Howrah Bridge]] and the [[Cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]] [[Vidyasagar Setu]] are counted among the longest bridges in the world within their types.<ref name="NSBA-longbridge">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aisc.org/Content/ContentGroups/Documents/NSBA5/20_NSBA_LongestSpans.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020601114245/http://www.aisc.org/Content/ContentGroups/Documents/NSBA5/20_NSBA_LongestSpans.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 June 2002 |title=National Steel Bridge Alliance: World's Longest Bridge Spans |last=Durkee |first=Jackson |publisher=American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc |date=24 May 1999 |access-date=4 January 2009}}</ref>

There are ferry services available, between various jetties in Howrah and Kolkata, which was introduced in the 1970s.<ref name=eiasia>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/admin/newgovtpublications/upload/Chap-Chapt2.pdf |title=East-West Kolkata Metro Corridor: EIA and SIA (Chapter 2) |publisher=Government of West Bengal |access-date=21 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606041100/http://www.wbgov.com/e-gov/admin/newgovtpublications/upload/Chap-Chapt2.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The jetties on Howrah side are at Howrah Station, Ramkrishnapur, [[Shibpur]], [[Shalimar Station|Shalimar]], [[Salkia|Bandhaghat]], [[Belur Math]], [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]] and Nazirganj. Howrah is also served by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]], located in [[Dum Dum|Dumdum, Kolkata]].

| coord={{coord|22.6|88.3}} <!-- Needed some manual adjustment -->

| zoom=11 <!-- (1=whole world, 18=a street)-->  

| width=250 <!-- width and height of the frame. Numeric input as pixels. Do not add px -->

| height=200

| caption=Neighbourhoods of Howrah

| title=Neighbourhoods of Howrah

| label1=Shibpur

| mark-coord1={{coord|22.5667|88.3000}}

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| label-size5=11 <!-- unless they are over-ridden individually -->

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| mark-title5=[[Bally, Howrah|Bally]]

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| label6=Salkia

| mark-coord6={{coord|22.5972|88.3377}}

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| mark-title6=[[Salkia]]

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| label7=Liluah

| mark-coord7={{coord|22.6211|88.3394}}

| mark7=Red pog.svg <!-- Red pog is the default so not really needed -->

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| mark-title7=[[Liluah]]

| mark-image7=

Howrah has many various neighbourhoods, the most notable being [[Shibpur]], [[Santragachi]], [[Belur, West Bengal|Belur]], [[Ramrajatala]], [[Liluah]] and [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]].{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} [[Shibpur]] hosts the [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden]], containing [[the Great Banyan]] tree, and the [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iiests.ac.in/index.php/institute/iiest-institute/about |access-date=21 September 2019 |title=IIEST official website}}</ref> [[Santragachi]] has a large railway station as well as the [[Santragachhi#Santragachhi Jheel|Santragachhi Jheel]], a large lake that attracts migratory birds during winter.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} [[Belur, West Bengal|Belur]] hosts [[Belur Math]], the headquarters of the [[Ramakrishna Mission|Ramakrishna Math and Mission]]. Ramrajatala hosts a famous [[Rama]] Temple.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} Near Howrah Station is the slum of [[Pilkhana, West Bengal|Pilkhana]] which was the basis of the famous book and film "[[City of Joy]]".<ref name="cityofjoy" /> [[Liluah]] host some of India's oldest railway factories and is also the educational Hub of Howrah.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

The [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur]] is a public engineering and research institution. It is the second oldest engineering institution in India, and is an [[institute of national importance]].<ref>{{cite web |title=E-Gazette published by the Ministry of Law and Justice of the Government of India regarding the National Institutes of Technology, science education and research amendment of 2014 |url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158429.pdf |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102230458/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158429.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Howrah Zilla School]], established in 1845, is the only Governmental school in Howrah.

Howrah's first vernacular Bengali medium school, established in 1857, was ''Santragachi Minor School''. Currently the school is running as [[Santragachi Kedarnath Institution, Howrah]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Alok Kumar Mukherjee |title=Howrah, a Study in Urbanization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGZPAAAAMAAJ |year=1991 |page=99 |isbn=9788185089089 |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010040539/https://books.google.com/books?id=cGZPAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Sailen Manna Stadium]], also known as the Howrah Municipal Corporation Stadium, is a multi-use stadium that hosts sporting events for [[association football]]. [[Dumurjala Sports City]] is a multi-purpose sports complex at Dumurjala.

 

File:Avani Riverside Mall Howrah1.jpg|[[Avani Riverside Mall]], [[Shibpur]]

<ref name="2001-09-20-toi-sheffield">{{cite news |title=Sheffield of India dying an untimely death - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sheffield-of-India-dying-an-untimely-death/articleshow/336158732.cms |access-date=11 October 2018 |work=The Times of India |date=20 September 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011172707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sheffield-of-India-dying-an-untimely-death/articleshow/336158732.cms |archive-date=11 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – West Bengal – DDW_PCA1915_2011_MDDS with UI |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/DDW_PCA1915_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx |website=Census of India |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212234045/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/DDW_PCA1915_2011_MDDS%20with%20UI.xlsx |archive-date=12 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="census2001">{{cite web |title=A −4 : Towns and Urban Agglomerations Classified by Population Size Class in 2001 With Variation Since 1901 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx |website=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315050316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=hmc>{{cite web |url=http://www.hmc.org.in/home/aboutus.php |title=About us page |publisher=Howrah Municipal Corporation |access-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208193802/http://www.hmc.org.in/home/aboutus.php |archive-date=8 December 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

*{{cite book |last=Bhattacherje |first=S. B. |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA273 |year=2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. |isbn=978-81-207-4074-7}}

*{{cite book |last1=Gunguly |first1=C. K. |last2=Battarcharya |first2=S. K. |title=The Design Methodology and Construction Technique of 457 m Span Cable Stayed Bridge (Dead Load Composite) at Vidyasagar Setu |editor1-last=Dayaratnam |editor1-first=P |work=Cable stayed, supported, and suspension bridges |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pb67nkDk4FMC&pg=PA113 |year=2000 |publisher=Universities Press (India) |pages=113–4 |isbn=978-81-7371-271-5}}

*{{cite book |last=Holmström |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_Y8AAAAIAAJ&q=howrah+industry&pg=PA137 |title=Industry and Inequality: The Social Anthropology of Indian Labour |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1984 |isbn=0-521-26745-5 |access-date=29 December 2008}}

*{{cite book |last=Lach |first=Donald Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wz23Oeg4ZdIC&q=betor+howrah&pg=PA473 |title=Asia in the Making of Europe |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1977 |isbn=0-226-46731-7 |access-date=28 December 2008}}

*{{Cite book |last1=O'Malley |first1=L. S. S. |last2=Chakravarti |first2=Monmohan |year=1909 |title=Bengal District Gazetteers: Howrah |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55774 |publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot}}

*{{cite book |last=Sen |first=Samita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0KxZ0mji3QC&q=howrah+industry&pg=PA23 |title=Women and Labour in Late Colonial India: The Bengal Jute Industry |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-45363-1 |access-date=29 December 2008}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080404050105/http://howrah.gov.in/Templates/Howrah%20history.htm History of Howrah from India Government Site]

*[http://www.howrah.gov.in Howrah Municipal Corporation Site]

*[http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/1 Satellite View of Howrah]

*[https://www.traintimetable.in/delhi-allahabad-varanasi-patna-howrah.html Howrah Train Time Table]

{{Geographic location|Centre=Howrah|North=[[Serampore]] and [[Chandannagar]]|Northeast=[[Barrackpore]] and [[Barasat]]|East=[[Kolkata]]|Southeast=[[Rajpur Sonarpur]], [[Baruipur]] and [[Jaynagar Majilpur]]|South=[[Maheshtala]], [[Budge Budge]] and [[Pujali]]|Southwest=[[Uluberia]]|West=[[Ghatal]]|Northwest=[[Arambagh]]}}