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{{Short description|Winter capital of Himachal Pradesh, India}} | |||
{{About|the town in Himachal Pradesh|other uses|Dharamshala (disambiguation)}} | {{About|the town in Himachal Pradesh|other uses|Dharamshala (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{ | {{EngvarB|date=April 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Dharamshala | ||
| other_name | | other_name = Dharamsala | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | ||
|photo1a = | |photo1a=Dharamshala 03 (Cropped).jpg | ||
|photo2b = McLeod Ganj Dharamkot Dharmsala Himachal Pradesh India April 2014.jpg | |||
|photo2a = Panoramic view of McLeod Ganj during winters, 2005.jpg | |photo2b=McLeod Ganj Dharamkot Dharmsala Himachal Pradesh India April 2014.jpg | ||
|photo3a = Bhagsu nag temple.jpg | |photo2a=Panoramic view of McLeod Ganj during winters, 2005.jpg | ||
|photo3b = Main Street Temple - McLeod Ganj - Himachal Pradesh - India (26207379983).jpg | |photo3a=Bhagsu nag temple.jpg | ||
|photo4a = Dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg | |photo3b=Main Street Temple - McLeod Ganj - Himachal Pradesh - India (26207379983).jpg | ||
|size = 300 | |photo4a=Dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg | ||
|position = center | |size=300 | ||
|spacing = 2 | |position=center | ||
|color = #FFFFFF | |spacing=2 | ||
|border = 1 | |color=#FFFFFF | ||
|border=1 | |||
}} | }} | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Clockwise from top: Skyline of Dharamsala, [[Triund]], [[Kalachakra]] temple, [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|HPCA Stadium]], [[Bhagsu]]nag Temple, [[Mcleodganj]] during winter | ||
| nickname | | nickname = Dhasa | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh##Location within India | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|32|12|55|N|76|19|07|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = State | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}} [[Himachal Pradesh]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Kangra district|Kangra]] | ||
| established_title | | established_title = | ||
| established_date | | established_date = | ||
| named_for | | named_for = Derives its name from an old Hindu sanctuary, called ''Dharamsàl'' which stood there once.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s348aedb8880cab8c45637abc7493ecddd/uploads/2018/03/2018032931.pdf#page=104 |title=Gazetteer of the Kangra District |date=1883–1884 |publisher=Calcutta Central Press}}</ref> | ||
| seat_type | | seat_type = [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of legislative Assembly]] | ||
| seat | | seat = Sudhir Sharma<ref>https://hpvidhansabha.nic.in/Member/Details/491 {{Bare URL inline|date=June 2022}}</ref> | ||
| government_type | | government_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = Dharamshala Municipal Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edharamshala.in/ |title=Home |website=edharamshala.in}}</ref> | ||
| unit_pref = Metric | |||
| unit_pref | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_total_km2 = 27.60 | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_rank = | ||
| area_rank | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_m = 1457 | ||
| elevation_m | | population_total = 62596 | ||
| population_total | | population_as_of = 2015 | ||
| population_as_of | | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edharamshala.in/Content/Demographics |title=Demographics – MCD-Dashboard-Document Management System}}</ref> | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_rank = [[List of cities in Himachal Pradesh by population|2nd in HP]] | ||
| population_rank | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| timezone1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| utc_offset1 | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code = 176 215 | ||
| postal_code | | area_code = +91- 01892 | ||
| area_code | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| area_code_type | | registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HP.E2.80.94Himachal Pradesh|HP]]- 39(RLA), 68(RTO), 01D/02D(Taxi) | ||
| registration_plate | | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | ||
| blank_name | | blank_info = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]] | ||
| blank_info | | website = {{url|edharamshala.in}} | ||
| website | | elevation_max_m = | ||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] | |||
| elevation_max_m | | leader_title = Mayor | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | leader_name = Onkar Singh Nehria | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Dharamshala''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɑːr|ə|m|ʃ|ɑː|l|ə}}; also spelled '''Dharamsala''') is the [[List of countries with multiple capitals#Subnational and supernational capitals|winter capital | '''Dharamshala''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɑːr|ə|m|ʃ|ɑː|l|ə}}; also spelled '''Dharamsala''') is the [[List of countries with multiple capitals#Subnational and supernational capitals|winter capital]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notification, Government of Himachal Pradesh |url=https://himachal.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/21_l892s/Dharamshala-50740507.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/its-official-dharamshala-is-second-capital-of-himachal-pradesh-4551546/ |title=It's official, Dharamshala is second capital of Himachal Pradesh |date=2 March 2017}}</ref> of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India, as well as the site of the [[Central Tibetan Administration|Tibetan Government-in-exile]]. It serves as [[Public administration|administrative headquarters]] of the [[Kangra district]] after being relocated from [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], a city located {{cvt|18|km|mi}} away from Dharamshala, in 1855. | ||
The city has been selected as one of a hundred in India to be developed as a [[smart city]] under | The city has been selected as one of a hundred in India to be developed as a [[smart city]] under Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s flagship "[[Smart Cities Mission]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html |title=Why only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about smart cities project |date=28 August 2015 |website=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> On 19 January 2017, the [[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh]], [[Virbhadra Singh]], declared Dharamshala as the second capital of Himachal Pradesh, making it the third [[States and union territories of India|national administrative division of India]] to have two capitals after the state of [[Maharashtra]] and the [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=hillpost2017>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hillpost.in/2017/01/dharamshala-declared-second-capital-of-himachal/107991/ |title=Dharamshala Declared Second Capital of Himachal |first=Arvind |last=Sharma |website=hillpost.in |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dharamsala-declared-second-capital-of-himachal-pradesh-1650683 |title=Dharamsala Declared Second Capital of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[NDTV India]] |date=19 January 2017 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
[[ | Dharamshala is a municipal corporation city in the upper reaches of the [[Kangra Valley]] and is surrounded by dense coniferous forest consisting mainly of stately [[Cedrus deodara|Deodar]] cedar trees.<ref name=hillpost2017 /> The suburbs include [[McLeod Ganj]], [[Bhagsu]]nag, [[Dharamkot, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamkot]], [[Naddi]], Forsyth Ganj, [[Kotwali Bazar]] (the main market), Kaccheri Adda (government offices such as the court, police, post, etc.), Dari, Ramnagar, Sidhpur, and Sidhbari (where the [[Karmapa Lama|Karmapa]] is based). This place is also famous for its [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium]] (2003), which offers opportunities to the youth of state to prepare for their future in the game. McLeod Ganj town, lying in the upper reaches, is known worldwide for being the home of the [[Dalai Lama]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa-tibet-idUSKBN18617F |title=U.S. lawmakers not backing down on human rights for Tibet, Pelosi says |first=Douglas |last=Busvine |work=[[Reuters]] |date=10 May 2017 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> On 29 April 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama ([[Tenzin Gyatso]]) established the Tibetan exile administration in the north Indian hill station of [[Mussoorie]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/when-dalai-lamas-date-with-india-began-in-mussoorie-in-one-april.html |title=When Dalai lama's date with India began in Mussoorie in one April |first=Jaskiran |last=Chopra |newspaper=[[The Pioneer (India)]] |date=7 April 2016 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> In May 1960, the [[Central Tibetan Administration]] (CTA) was moved to Dharamshala, making it the centre of the Tibetan exile world in India. Following the [[1959 Tibetan uprising]] there was an influx of Tibetan refugees who followed the 14th Dalai Lama. His presence and the Tibetan population have made Dharamshala a destination for Indian and foreign tourists, including students studying Tibet. | ||
Although the majority of tea gardens in Kangra District are located in and around [[Palampur, Himachal Pradesh|Palampur]], Dharamshala also has several tea gardens which are prominently situated around Sheela Chowk and extend northwards to Khaniyara. The other tea gardens are at Kunal Pathri. The tea is known as Dharamsala or [[Kangra tea]], and is very popular across India and the rest of the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kangra-s-cup-of-tea-is-losing-its-aroma/story-JmvDHitd4ehHaPyIPHb66H.html |title=Kangra's cup of tea is losing its aroma |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 October 2017 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> Traditionally known for Kangra green tea, Dharamshala now produces all teas including black tea, green tea, oolong tea and white teas, in addition to the popular Kashmiri Kahwa and Masala Chai.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} | |||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
''Dharamshala'' ([[Devanagari]]: धर्मशाला; [[ITRANS]]: Dharmashala; [[IAST]]: Dharmaśālā) is a [[Hindi]] word (derived from [[Sanskrit]]) that is a compound of ''[[dharma]]'' (धर्म) and ''shālā'' (शाला). Literally, "House or place of Dharma" | ''Dharamshala'' ([[Devanagari]]: धर्मशाला; [[ITRANS]]: Dharmashala; [[IAST]]: Dharmaśālā) is a [[Hindi]] word (derived from [[Sanskrit]]) that is a compound of ''[[dharma]]'' (धर्म) and ''shālā'' (शाला). Literally, "House or place of Dharma". | ||
In common Hindi usage, the word ''dharamshala'' refers to a shelter or rest house for spiritual pilgrims. Traditionally, such ''dharamshalas'' (pilgrims' rest houses) were commonly constructed near pilgrimage destinations (often in remote areas) to give visitors a place to sleep for the night. When the first permanent settlement was created in the place now called Dharamshala, there was one such pilgrims' rest house on the site, and the settlement took its name from that ''Dharamshala''.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_307.gif |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |chapter=Dharmsala |volume=XI |pages=301–302 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 |via=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref> | In common Hindi usage, the word ''dharamshala'' refers to a shelter or rest house for spiritual pilgrims. Traditionally, such ''dharamshalas'' (pilgrims' rest houses) were commonly constructed near pilgrimage destinations (often in remote areas) to give visitors a place to sleep for the night. When the first permanent settlement was created in the place now called Dharamshala, there was one such pilgrims' rest house on the site, and the settlement took its name from that ''Dharamshala''.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_307.gif |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |chapter=Dharmsala |volume=XI |pages=301–302 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 |via=Digital South Asia Library}}</ref> | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
===Before the British Raj=== | ===Before the British Raj=== | ||
Before the [[British Raj]], Dharamshala and its surrounding area was under the [[Sikh Empire]] of Lahore. Under the British Raj, the regions were part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|undivided province of Punjab]], and was ruled by the [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|governors of Punjab]] from [[Lahore]]. The Katoch dynasty that earlier ruled this region had been reduced to status of [[jagirdar]]s (of [[Kangra-Lambagraon]]) under the Treaty of Jawalamukhi, signed in 1810 between Sansar Chand Katoch and Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] of the [[Sikh Empire]]. The indigenous people of the Dharamshala area (and the surrounding region) are the [[Gaddis]], a predominantly [[Hindu]] group who traditionally lived a nomadic or semi-nomadic [[transhumance|transhumant]] lifestyle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Wzkj0Wad8pumyLNu5nkfGK/A-journey-with-Gaddi-pastoralists.html |title=A journey with Gaddi Pastoralists |date=6 October 2016 |publisher=LiveMint}}</ref> Due to the lack of permanent settlements in the area, some Gaddis lost their seasonal pastures and farmland when the British and the [[Gurkhas]] arrived to settle. {{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} | |||
===Settlement by the British and the Gurkhas=== | ===Settlement by the British and the Gurkhas=== | ||
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:"Dharamsāla lies on a spur of the Dhola Dhār, 16 miles north-east of Kāngra, in the midst of wild and picturesque scenery. It originally formed a subsidiary cantonment for the troops stationed at Kāngra, and was first occupied as a station in 1849, when a site was required for a cantonment to accommodate a Native regiment which was being raised in the District. A site was found upon the slopes of the Dhola Dhār, in a plot of waste land, upon which stood an old Hindu resthouse, or ''dharmsāla'', whence the name adopted for the new cantonment. The civil authorities, following the example of the regimental officers, and attracted by the advantages of climate and scenery, built themselves houses in the neighbourhood of the cantonment; and in 1855 the new station was formally recognised as the headquarters of the Kāngra District."<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> | :"Dharamsāla lies on a spur of the Dhola Dhār, 16 miles north-east of Kāngra, in the midst of wild and picturesque scenery. It originally formed a subsidiary cantonment for the troops stationed at Kāngra, and was first occupied as a station in 1849, when a site was required for a cantonment to accommodate a Native regiment which was being raised in the District. A site was found upon the slopes of the Dhola Dhār, in a plot of waste land, upon which stood an old Hindu resthouse, or ''dharmsāla'', whence the name adopted for the new cantonment. The civil authorities, following the example of the regimental officers, and attracted by the advantages of climate and scenery, built themselves houses in the neighbourhood of the cantonment; and in 1855 the new station was formally recognised as the headquarters of the Kāngra District."<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> | ||
In 1860, the 66th [[Gurkha]] [[Light Infantry]] was moved from [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] to Dharamshala, which was at first made a subsidiary [[cantonment]]. An ideal position for the new base was found on the slopes of the [[Dhauladhar | In 1860, the 66th [[Gurkha]] [[Light Infantry]] was moved from [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] to Dharamshala, which was at first made a subsidiary [[cantonment]]. An ideal position for the new base was found on the slopes of the [[Dhauladhar]] Hills, near the site of a Hindu sanctuary, or ''Dharamshala'', hence the name of the town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcllo.com |title=McLEODGANJ – DHARAMSALA – LITTLE LHASA- HIMALAYAS – DALAI LAMA – DHARAMSALA INFORMATIVE AND COMMUNITY WEBSITE- TRAVEL -DHARAMSHALA- kANGRA- HIMACHAL PRADESH – INDIA |publisher=mcllo.com}}</ref><ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> The Battalion was later renamed the historic [[1 Gorkha Rifles|1st Gurkha Rifles]], this was the beginning of the legend of the Gurkhas, also known as the 'Bravest of the Brave'. Consequently, fourteen Gurkha platoon villages grew from this settlement, and exist to this day, namely Dari, Ramnagar, Shyamnagar, Dal, Totarani, Khanyara, Sadher, Chaandmaari, Sallagarhi, [[Sidhbari]], [[Yol, India|Yol]], and so on. The Gurkhas worshipped at the ancient [[Shiva]] temple of Bhagsunag. The Gurkhas referred to Dharamshala as 'Bhagsu' and referred to themselves as Bhagsuwalas. | ||
The 21st Gurkha Regiment from Dharamshala performed heroic feats during [[World War I]] and the North West Frontier Province campaigns. The Gurkha cantonment then reached its zenith during [[World War II]], when battalions from Dharamshala made history. Many place names in the town still retain their former cantonment terminologies: Depot Bazaar, Pensioners' Lines, Tirah Lines (named after the 19th century [[Tirah Campaign]]), Bharatpore Lines (named after the 1826 Battle of [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpore]]). | The 21st Gurkha Regiment from Dharamshala performed heroic feats during [[World War I]] and the North West Frontier Province campaigns. The Gurkha cantonment then reached its zenith during [[World War II]], when battalions from Dharamshala made history. Many place names in the town still retain their former cantonment terminologies: Depot Bazaar, Pensioners' Lines, Tirah Lines (named after the 19th century [[Tirah Campaign]]), Bharatpore Lines (named after the 1826 Battle of [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpore]]). | ||
The eighth earl [[Lord Elgin]], [[Viceroy of India]] died here (at the 1st Gurkha Rifles Officers' Mess) in 1863 and is buried in the cemetery of [[St. John in the Wilderness Church (Dharamshala)|St. John in the Wilderness]], a small [[Anglican]] church distinguished by its [[stained-glass]] windows. Dharamshala became a popular [[hill station]] for the British working in or near | The eighth earl [[Lord Elgin]], [[Viceroy of India]] died here (at the 1st Gurkha Rifles Officers' Mess) in 1863 and is buried in the cemetery of [[St. John in the Wilderness Church (Dharamshala)|St. John in the Wilderness]], a small [[Anglican]] church distinguished by its [[stained-glass]] windows. Dharamshala became a popular [[hill station]] for the British working in or near Delhi, offering a cool respite during the hot summer months. | ||
:"Before the earthquake of 1905, the upper part of the station, which rises to a height of 7,112 feet [2,168 metres], contained the European houses, the station church, and the officers' mess and lines of the 1st Gurkhas, together with the public gardens, post office, and two bazars, the Forsyth Ganj and McLeod Ganj. The public offices, a bazar, and a few European houses made up the lower station, as low as 4,500 feet [1,372 metres]. The 1st battalion of the 1st Gurkhas used to be stationed here, but was moved to the upper station in 1894-5.... The public gardens, which were, before the earthquake, laid out with much taste in lawns and terraces, contained a valuable collection of indigenous and imported trees and shrubs, and were overlooked by the Assembly Rooms, a handsome building comprising a public hall, a library and reading-room and a billiard-room. The church was beautifully situated in a recess of the mountain."<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> | :''"Before the earthquake of 1905, the upper part of the station, which rises to a height of 7,112 feet [2,168 metres], contained the European houses, the station church, and the officers' mess and lines of the 1st Gurkhas, together with the public gardens, post office, and two bazars, the Forsyth Ganj and McLeod Ganj. The public offices, a bazar, and a few European houses made up the lower station, as low as 4,500 feet [1,372 metres]. The 1st battalion of the 1st Gurkhas used to be stationed here, but was moved to the upper station in 1894-5.... The public gardens, which were, before the earthquake, laid out with much taste in lawns and terraces, contained a valuable collection of indigenous and imported trees and shrubs, and were overlooked by the Assembly Rooms, a handsome building comprising a public hall, a library and reading-room and a billiard-room. The church was beautifully situated in a recess of the mountain."''<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> | ||
In 1905, the [[Kangra valley]] suffered a major earthquake. On 4 April of that year, the earth shook, demolishing much of the cantonment and the neighbouring city of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] as well as the Bhagsunag temple. Altogether, the [[1905 Kangra earthquake]] killed 20,000 people. "1,625 persons perished at Dharamsāla alone, including 15 Europeans and 112 of the Gurkha garrison."<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> | In 1905, the [[Kangra valley]] suffered a major earthquake. On 4 April of that year, the earth shook, demolishing much of the cantonment and the neighbouring city of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]] as well as the Bhagsunag temple. Altogether, the [[1905 Kangra earthquake]] killed 20,000 people. "1,625 persons perished at Dharamsāla alone, including 15 Europeans and 112 of the Gurkha garrison."<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> | ||
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Not only did the Gurkhas of Dharmshala make a major contribution to India's defence, many were freedom fighters for the [[Indian National Army]], which had been founded by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]. The Indian National Army Captain [[Ram Singh Thakur]], a Gurkha from the village of Khanyara, composed some of India's most popular and stirring patriotic songs, including "[[Kadam Kadam Badaye Ja]]". He is acknowledged so by the Netaji Research Bureau, Kolkata. The important contribution of the noted Gurkha social commentator, the late Master Mitrasen Thapa, from the village of Totarani, has been acknowledged by the Himachal Pradesh government. Recently, a park dedicated to the memory of the late Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa, MVC, the 'Hero of Skardu', has been opened alongside the road between Lower and Upper Dharamshala. | Not only did the Gurkhas of Dharmshala make a major contribution to India's defence, many were freedom fighters for the [[Indian National Army]], which had been founded by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]. The Indian National Army Captain [[Ram Singh Thakur]], a Gurkha from the village of Khanyara, composed some of India's most popular and stirring patriotic songs, including "[[Kadam Kadam Badaye Ja]]". He is acknowledged so by the Netaji Research Bureau, Kolkata. The important contribution of the noted Gurkha social commentator, the late Master Mitrasen Thapa, from the village of Totarani, has been acknowledged by the Himachal Pradesh government. Recently, a park dedicated to the memory of the late Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa, MVC, the 'Hero of Skardu', has been opened alongside the road between Lower and Upper Dharamshala. | ||
=== Establishment of Tibetan exile community === | ===Establishment of Tibetan exile community=== | ||
[[File:20170821 133842000 iOS.jpg|thumb|The architecture in Dharamsala has a Buddhist influence]] | [[File:20170821 133842000 iOS.jpg|thumb|The architecture in Dharamsala has a Buddhist influence]] | ||
The Tibetan settlement of Dharamshala began in 1959, when the [[Dalai Lama | The Tibetan settlement of Dharamshala began in 1959, when the [[Dalai Lama's escape from China|Dalai Lama had to flee Tibet]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://time.com/3742242/dalai-lama-1959/ |title=How and Why the Dalai Lama Left Tibet}}</ref> and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the then [[Prime Minister of India]] allowed him and his followers to settle in [[McLeod Ganj]], a former colonial British summer picnic spot 10 kilometers to the north of Dharamshala. "Nehru was delighted with the 'forgotten ghost-town wasting in the woods', and offered it to the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]]."<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tears of Blood : a Cry for Tibet |last=Craig |first=Mary |publisher=Counterpoint |year=1999 |isbn=9781582430256 |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=142 |oclc=41431635}}</ref> There they established the "[[Government of Tibet in exile|government-in-exile]]" in 1960 and the [[Namgyal Monastery]]. Dharamshala had been connected with [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]] for a long time, many [[monastery|monasteries]] having been established there in the past, by Tibetan immigrants in the 19th century. | ||
In 1970, | In 1970, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th [[Dalai Lama]] opened the [[Library of Tibetan Works and Archives]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inspirock.com/india/dharamsala/library-of-tibetan-works-and-archives-a619912343 |title=Visit Library of Tibetan Works and Archives on your trip to Dharamsala}}</ref> which houses over 80,000 manuscripts and other important resources related to Tibetan history, politics and culture. It is considered one of the most important institutions for [[Tibetology]] in the world; the new director is Geshe Lahkdor, the old translator of the Dalai Lama. | ||
===Today=== | ===Today=== | ||
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Several thousand [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] exiles have now settled in the area; most live in and around [[McLeod Ganj]] in Upper Dharamshala, where they have built monasteries, temples and schools. It has become an important tourist destination with many hotels and restaurants, leading to growth in tourism and commerce. | Several thousand [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] exiles have now settled in the area; most live in and around [[McLeod Ganj]] in Upper Dharamshala, where they have built monasteries, temples and schools. It has become an important tourist destination with many hotels and restaurants, leading to growth in tourism and commerce. | ||
Dharamshala is the winter capital of Himachal Pradesh. The Legislative Assembly is at [[Sidhbari]], near the Chinmaya Tapovan Ashram, and the winter sessions of the government are held there. Dharamshala is also a famous bird-watching spot in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/|title=Some of the Best Bird Watching Spots in India|date=4 December 2016|work=Petzenia Blog|access-date=2017- | Dharamshala is the winter capital of Himachal Pradesh. The Legislative Assembly is at [[Sidhbari]], near the Chinmaya Tapovan Ashram, and the winter sessions of the government are held there. Dharamshala is also a famous bird-watching spot in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/ |title=Some of the Best Bird Watching Spots in India |date=4 December 2016 |work=Petzenia Blog |access-date=10 October 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010212346/https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
===Transcription and pronunciation=== | ===Transcription and pronunciation=== | ||
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Due to a lack of uniform observance of [[transliteration]] and [[transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] [[Devanagari transliteration|conventions]] for Hindi (and the [[Devanagari]] script in which Hindi is written), the name of the town has been transcribed into English (and other languages using [[Romanization|Romanic scripts]]) variously as ''Dharamshala'', ''Dharamsala'' and, less frequently, ''Dharmshala'' and ''Dharmsala''.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> These four permutations result from two variables: the transcription of the word धर्म (dharma)—particularly the second syllable (र्म)—and that of the third syllable (शा). | Due to a lack of uniform observance of [[transliteration]] and [[transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] [[Devanagari transliteration|conventions]] for Hindi (and the [[Devanagari]] script in which Hindi is written), the name of the town has been transcribed into English (and other languages using [[Romanization|Romanic scripts]]) variously as ''Dharamshala'', ''Dharamsala'' and, less frequently, ''Dharmshala'' and ''Dharmsala''.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> These four permutations result from two variables: the transcription of the word धर्म (dharma)—particularly the second syllable (र्म)—and that of the third syllable (शा). | ||
A strict transliteration of धर्म as written would be 'dharma' {{IPA|[ˈdʱərma]}}. In the modern spoken Hindi of the region, however, there is a common [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] in which the vowel and consonant sounds in the second syllable of certain words (including धर्म) are transposed, which changes 'dharma' to 'dharam' (pronounced somewhere between {{IPA|[ˈdʱərəm]}} and {{IPA|[ˈdʱərm]}}, depending on the speaker). Thus, if the goal of the transcription is phonetic accord with modern spoken Hindi, then 'dharam' and 'dharm' are both legitimate options. Regarding the third syllable, the Devanagari श corresponds to the English ''sh'' sound, {{IPAblink|ʃ}}. Thus शाला is transcribed in | A strict transliteration of धर्म as written would be 'dharma' {{IPA|[ˈdʱərma]}}. In the modern spoken Hindi of the region, however, there is a common [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] in which the vowel and consonant sounds in the second syllable of certain words (including धर्म) are transposed, which changes 'dharma' to 'dharam' (pronounced somewhere between {{IPA|[ˈdʱərəm]}} and {{IPA|[ˈdʱərm]}}, depending on the speaker). Thus, if the goal of the transcription is phonetic accord with modern spoken Hindi, then 'dharam' and 'dharm' are both legitimate options. Regarding the third syllable, the Devanagari श corresponds to the English ''sh'' sound, {{IPAblink|ʃ}}. Thus शाला is transcribed in English as 'shala'. | ||
Therefore, the most accurate phonetic transcription of the Hindi धर्मशाला into Roman script for common (non-technical) English usage is either 'Dharamshala' or, less commonly, 'Dharmshala',<ref name=Devanagari>See [[Devanagari transliteration#Consonants]]</ref> both of which render the ''sh'' ({{IPA|/ʃ/}}) sound of ''श'' in English as 'sh' to convey the correct native pronunciation, 'Dharam''sh''ala' {{IPA|[dʱərəmˈʃaːlaː]}} or 'Dharm''sh''ala' {{IPA|[dʱərmˈʃaːlaː]}}). Nonetheless, the alternate spelling 'Dharamsala' continues to be used in some cases despite its inaccuracy, and all four spelling permutations can be found in the English language materials of the local and state governments, in publications, and on the Internet.<ref>See, for example, {{cite web |url=http://hptdc.nic.in/access.htm |title=Access to Himachal Pradesh |publisher=Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020161645/http://hptdc.nic.in/access.htm |archive-date=20 October 2010 |postscript=, which includes both common spellings on the same page.}}</ref> Regardless of spelling variations, the correct native pronunciation is with the ''sh'' sound ({{IPA|/ʃ/}}).<ref name=Devanagari/> In actual practice, the spelling variant that is most common and most concordant with standards of transcription and native pronunciation is 'Dharamshala'. The official Indian English spelling is 'Dharamshala'.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} | Therefore, the most accurate phonetic transcription of the Hindi धर्मशाला into Roman script for common (non-technical) English usage is either 'Dharamshala' or, less commonly, 'Dharmshala',<ref name=Devanagari>See [[Devanagari transliteration#Consonants]]</ref> both of which render the ''sh'' ({{IPA|/ʃ/}}) sound of ''श'' in English as 'sh' to convey the correct native pronunciation, 'Dharam''sh''ala' {{IPA|[dʱərəmˈʃaːlaː]}} or 'Dharm''sh''ala' {{IPA|[dʱərmˈʃaːlaː]}}). Nonetheless, the alternate spelling 'Dharamsala' continues to be used in some cases despite its inaccuracy, and all four spelling permutations can be found in the English language materials of the local and state governments, in publications, and on the Internet.<ref>See, for example, {{cite web |url=http://hptdc.nic.in/access.htm |title=Access to Himachal Pradesh |publisher=Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020161645/http://hptdc.nic.in/access.htm |archive-date=20 October 2010 |postscript=, which includes both common spellings on the same page.}}</ref> Regardless of spelling variations, the correct native pronunciation is with the ''sh'' sound ({{IPA|/ʃ/}}).<ref name=Devanagari/> In actual practice, the spelling variant that is most common and most concordant with standards of transcription and native pronunciation is 'Dharamshala'. The official Indian English spelling is 'Dharamshala'.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
[[File:Dharamsala-valley.jpg|thumb|left|View of | [[File:Dharamsala-valley.jpg|thumb|left|View of the [[Kangra Valley]] from Bhagsu Nag]] | ||
[[File:Bhagsu's water fall, McLeod Ganj, Dharamsala.jpg|thumb|upright|Bhagsu's waterfall, McLeod Ganj]] | [[File:Bhagsu's water fall, McLeod Ganj, Dharamsala.jpg|thumb|upright|Bhagsu's waterfall, McLeod Ganj]] | ||
Dharamshala has an average elevation of {{ | Dharamshala has an average elevation of {{cvt|1457|m|ft}}, covering an area of almost {{cvt|8.51|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Area of Dharamshala Town |url=http://himachal.nic.in/tcp/DevPlanDharamshala.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424075155/http://himachal.nic.in/tcp/DevPlanDharamshala.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
Dharamsala is located in the [[Kangra Valley]], in the shadow of the [[Dhauladhar]] mountains. | Dharamsala is located in the [[Kangra Valley]], in the shadow of the [[Dhauladhar]] mountains. | ||
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{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|width=300px | |width=300px | ||
|title=Religions in Dharamsala<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/230-kangra.html|title=Kangra District Religion Data | |title=Religions in Dharamsala<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/230-kangra.html |title=Kangra District Religion Data – Census 2011}}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
| Line 153: | Line 154: | ||
|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|69.18}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Yellow|27.70}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Darkkhaki|1.28}} | ||
{{bar percent|Others|Black|1.85}}}} | {{bar percent|Others|Black|1.85}}}} | ||
[[File:Dharamsala (North India) (414208101).jpg|thumb|A Tibetan woman holding a prayer wheel.]] | [[File:Dharamsala (North India) (414208101).jpg|thumb|A Tibetan woman holding a prayer wheel.]] | ||
As of the 2001 India census,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=16 June 2004 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |access-date=1 November 2008 |publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Dharamshala had a population of 30,764. As per the 2015, it has a population of 53,543 Since its area increased as it became Municipal corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ud-hp.in/pdf/POPULATION%20AS%20PER%20CENSUS%202011.pdf |title=ULB Population Himachal pradesh (2011 census)}}</ref> Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Dharamshala has an average literacy rate of 87%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 90% and female literacy is 83%. In Dharamshala, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. | |||
As of the 2001 India | |||
As of Census of India 2011 and Municipal corporation 2015:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/|title=Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|publisher=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> | As of Census of India 2011 and Municipal corporation 2015:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ |title=Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> | ||
* Number of Households – 10,992 | *Number of Households – 10,992 | ||
* Average Household Size (per household) – 4.0 | *Average Household Size (per household) – 4.0 | ||
* Population-Total – 53,543 | *Population-Total – 53,543 | ||
* Population-Urban – 53,543 | *Population-Urban – 53,543 | ||
* Proportion of Urban Population (%) – 100 | *Proportion of Urban Population (%) – 100 | ||
* Population-Rural – 0 | *Population-Rural – 0 | ||
* Sex Ratio – 941 | *Sex Ratio – 941 | ||
* Population (0–6 years) – 1,819 | *Population (0–6 years) – 1,819 | ||
* Sex Ratio (0–6 years) – 913 | *Sex Ratio (0–6 years) – 913 | ||
* SC Population – 2,611 | *SC Population – 2,611 | ||
* Sex Ratio (SC) – 861 | *Sex Ratio (SC) – 861 | ||
* Proportion of SC (%) – 14.0 | *Proportion of SC (%) – 14.0 | ||
* ST Population – 99 | *ST Population – 99 | ||
* Sex Ratio (ST) – 833 | *Sex Ratio (ST) – 833 | ||
* Proportion of ST (%) – 1 | *Proportion of ST (%) – 1 | ||
* Literacy Rate (%) – 87.0 | *Literacy Rate (%) – 87.0 | ||
The languages residents of Dharamsala most commonly speak are Hindi, English, Tibetan, Nepali and Pahari.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FTD.travel|title=Culture of Dharamsala {{!}} Dharamsala Culture {{!}} Dharamsala People, Language, Food, Art & Culture|url=https://www.ftd.travel/dharamsala-culture|access-date=2021 | The languages residents of Dharamsala most commonly speak are Gaadi, Kangri, Hindi, English, Tibetan, [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and Pahari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FTD.travel |title=Culture of Dharamsala {{!}} Dharamsala Culture {{!}} Dharamsala People, Language, Food, Art & Culture |url=https://www.ftd.travel/dharamsala-culture |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=www.ftd.travel |language=en-us}}</ref> | ||
{{missing information|languages and dialects spoken there|date=March 2018}} | |||
{{ | ==Government and politics== | ||
Dharamshala was upgraded from a Municipal Council to a Corporation in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/Dharamsala-Municipal-Council-upgraded-to-Municipal-Corporation/articleshow/49040526.cms |title=TOI article |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 September 2015 }}</ref> It has 17 wards under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edharamshala.in/Content/Wards |title=Municipal Corporation Website – Wards |date=2 March 2020}}</ref> Onkar Singh Nehria<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=BJP's Onkar Nehria is Dharamsala Mayor |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bjps-onkar-nehria-is-dharamsala-mayor-238557 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref> is currently serving as the Mayor of the town unanimously. | |||
==Economy== | |||
==Economy== | |||
The main crops grown in the valleys below are rice, wheat and [[Kangra tea|tea]]. | The main crops grown in the valleys below are rice, wheat and [[Kangra tea|tea]]. | ||
Dharamshala also has lush tea gardens that produce its popular [[Kangra tea]]. Traditionally known for Kangra green tea, Dharamshala now produces a variety of teas, including black, green, oolong and white teas, along with Kashmiri Kahwa and Masala Chai. Tea gardens at Mann Tea Estate are owned and operated by the Dharmsala Tea Company, which conducts guided tours of the tea gardens and factory, and offers tea tastings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://www.dharmsala.com/pages/our-story |publisher=Ddharmsala Tea Company |access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> Kangra green tea is considered to be among the best in India,{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} and has also been found to contain the highest anti-oxidant levels of all green teas produced in India.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} | Dharamshala also has lush tea gardens that produce its popular [[Kangra tea]]. Traditionally known for Kangra green tea, Dharamshala now produces a variety of teas, including black, green, oolong and white teas, along with Kashmiri Kahwa and Masala Chai. Tea gardens at Mann Tea Estate are owned and operated by the Dharmsala Tea Company, which conducts guided tours of the tea gardens and factory, and offers tea tastings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://www.dharmsala.com/pages/our-story |publisher=Ddharmsala Tea Company |access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> Kangra green tea is considered to be among the best in India,{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} and has also been found to contain the highest anti-oxidant levels of all green teas produced in India.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} | ||
=== Shopping and | ===Shopping and entertainment=== | ||
The city is divided into two distinct sections. Kotwali Bazaar and the surrounding markets are referred to as "Lower Dharamshala" or just "Dharamshala" and upper Dharamshala or places such as McLeodganj, Dharamkot, etc. | The city is divided into two distinct sections. Kotwali Bazaar and the surrounding markets are referred to as "Lower Dharamshala" or just "Dharamshala" and upper Dharamshala or places such as McLeodganj, Dharamkot, etc. | ||
In the city of Dharamshala, Maximus Mall and Gold Multiplex Cinema are open now on the National Highway Road in the Chilgari area, near Kotwali Bazaar and the main bus stand in Lower Dharamshala, in addition to the traditional shopping street called as Kotwali Bazaar. Maximus mall is the second biggest mall in the state after Purnam Mall, Bilaspur. It has CCD,KFC, Pizza Hut, Kapsons, Moti Mahal Restaurant, | In the city of Dharamshala, Maximus Mall and Gold Multiplex Cinema are open now on the National Highway Road in the Chilgari area, near Kotwali Bazaar and the main bus stand in Lower Dharamshala, in addition to the traditional shopping street called as Kotwali Bazaar. Maximus mall is the second biggest mall in the state after Purnam Mall, Bilaspur. It has CCD, KFC, Pizza Hut, Kapsons, Moti Mahal Restaurant, Skechers, Aurelia, Baskin Robins and many reputed international brands. Another mall The Hillside Mall is situated in the Kotwali that includes a Domino's Pizza Restaurant. | ||
Further, Dharamshala Skyway, a mountain Cable Car between the cities of Dharamshala and McLeod Ganj has become operational from 19th Jan 2022. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/now-you-can-take-a-cable-car-ride-between-dharamshala-and-mcleodganj-news-44794 | title=Dharamshala Skywalk Inaugurated | date=21 January 2022 }}</ref> | |||
==Cityscape== | ==Cityscape== | ||
===Major suburbs=== | ===Major suburbs=== | ||
{{div col|colwidth=15em}} | {{div col|colwidth=15em}} | ||
* Bhagsunag | *Bhagsunag | ||
* Cheelgari | *Cheelgari | ||
* Triund Trekking Point | *Triund Trekking Point | ||
* Naddi | *Naddi | ||
* Dal Lake | *Dal Lake | ||
* Dari | *Dari | ||
* Barol | *Barol | ||
* Kachehri Adda | *Kachehri Adda | ||
*[[Khaniyara]] | *[[Khaniyara]] | ||
*[[Kotwali Bazar]] | *[[Kotwali Bazar]] | ||
* Mant Khas | *Mant Khas | ||
*[[McLeod Ganj]] | *[[McLeod Ganj]] | ||
* Upper Sakoh & Lower Sakoh | *Upper Sakoh & Lower Sakoh | ||
* Khel Parisar | *Khel Parisar | ||
*[[Sidhbari]] | *[[Sidhbari]] | ||
* Sheela Chowk | *Sheela Chowk | ||
* [[Yol, India|Yol]] | *[[Yol, India|Yol]] | ||
* [[Jama Masjid Dharamshala]] | *[[Jama Masjid Dharamshala]] | ||
* Tea Garden Cheelgari | *Tea Garden Cheelgari | ||
* Aganjer Mahadev Temple | *Aganjer Mahadev Temple | ||
* War Memorial Museum | *War Memorial Museum | ||
* Ram Nagar | *Ram Nagar | ||
* Shyam Nagar | *Shyam Nagar | ||
{{div col end}} | {{div col end}} | ||
=== Rural areas === | ===Rural areas=== | ||
* Sudher | *Sudher | ||
* Gharoh | *Gharoh | ||
* Dhanotu | *Dhanotu | ||
* | *Chari | ||
* Sarah | *Sarah | ||
===Trekking=== | ===Trekking=== | ||
[[File:20170821 133215000 iOS.jpg|thumb|A forest in Dharamsala]] | [[File:20170821 133215000 iOS.jpg|thumb|A forest in Dharamsala]] | ||
Dharamshala is a starting point to a number of trekking trails that especially includes lead trekkers across Dhauladhar into the upper [[ | Dharamshala is a starting point to a number of trekking trails that especially includes lead trekkers across Dhauladhar into the upper [[Ravi River|Ravi]] Valley and [[Chamba district]]. En route, trekkers cross through forests of [[Cedrus deodara|deodar]], pine, oak and rhododendron, and pass streams and rivers and wind along vertiginous cliff tracks, and the occasional lake waterfall and glacier. | ||
A two-kilometer amble takes one to Bhagsu, and then a further three-kilometer walk will lead the trekkers to Dharamkot. If one wishes to go on a longer walk then he/she can trek eight-kilometers to Triund. The snow line of Ilaqa Got is just a five-kilometer walk. | A two-kilometer amble takes one to Bhagsu, and then a further three-kilometer walk will lead the trekkers to Dharamkot. If one wishes to go on a longer walk then he/she can trek eight-kilometers to Triund. The snow line of Ilaqa Got is just a five-kilometer walk. | ||
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Other trekking trails that lead trekkers to Chamba from Dharamshala are: | Other trekking trails that lead trekkers to Chamba from Dharamshala are: | ||
* Toral Pass (4575m) which begins from Tang Narwana (1150m) that is nearly 10 km from Dharamshala<ref name=rough>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA489|title=The Rough Guide to India|publisher=Rough Guide Travel Guides|year=2003|first=David|last=Abram|isbn=9781843530893|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> | *Toral Pass (4575m) which begins from Tang Narwana (1150m) that is nearly 10 km from Dharamshala<ref name=rough>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA489 |title=The Rough Guide to India |publisher=Rough Guide Travel Guides |year=2003 |first=David |last=Abram |isbn=9781843530893 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> | ||
* Across Bhimghasutri Pass (4580m) via near-vertical rocky ascents, steep cliffs and dangerous gorges. This is a highly difficult level trek and takes around six days to complete.<ref name=rough /> | *Across Bhimghasutri Pass (4580m) via near-vertical rocky ascents, steep cliffs and dangerous gorges. This is a highly difficult level trek and takes around six days to complete.<ref name=rough /> | ||
* Dharamshala—Bleni Pass (3710m) – Dunali. Compared to other trekking trails, this one is much easier and takes around four or five-days to complete. The trek leads through alpine pastures, woods, and streams, before ending at Dunali, on the Chamba road. | *Dharamshala—Bleni Pass (3710m) – Dunali. Compared to other trekking trails, this one is much easier and takes around four or five-days to complete. The trek leads through alpine pastures, woods, and streams, before ending at Dunali, on the Chamba road. | ||
* Dharamshala is an ideal destination for [[rock climbing]] enthusiasts. One can go rock climbing over the ridges of the Dhauladhar range. | *Dharamshala is an ideal destination for [[rock climbing]] enthusiasts. One can go rock climbing over the ridges of the Dhauladhar range. | ||
* Kareri Lake (near Kareri village) is also a famous trekking destination for travellers. | *Kareri Lake (near Kareri village) is also a famous trekking destination for travellers. | ||
* Triund-Thatri-Trek (TTT) a circular trek for two nights and three days around Dharamshala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siddhiyoga.com/dharamsala-full-experience-beyond-yoga|title=Dharamsala: The Full Experience Beyond Yoga|first=Meera|last=Watts|website=siddhiyoga.com|date=17 April 2019|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> The first day involves walking up to Triund and staying for a night, and the second day walk to a village called Thatri and stay overnight at Camp Himalayan Nest. The third day after walking for couple of hours, walkers reach to broadhead near Dharamshala.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} | *Triund-Thatri-Trek (TTT) a circular trek for two nights and three days around Dharamshala.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siddhiyoga.com/dharamsala-full-experience-beyond-yoga |title=Dharamsala: The Full Experience Beyond Yoga |first=Meera |last=Watts |website=siddhiyoga.com |date=17 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> The first day involves walking up to Triund and staying for a night, and the second day walk to a village called Thatri and stay overnight at Camp Himalayan Nest. The third day after walking for couple of hours, walkers reach to broadhead near Dharamshala.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="134"> | ||
File:Triund hill campsite.jpg|Triund Campsite is a base camp and acclimatisation point for trekkers climbing the Inderahara point in the Dhauladhar range. | File:Triund hill campsite.jpg|Triund Campsite is a base camp and acclimatisation point for trekkers climbing the Inderahara point in the Dhauladhar range. | ||
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File:View from Trans Point, Khadota.jpg|View from Trans Point, Khadota | File:View from Trans Point, Khadota.jpg|View from Trans Point, Khadota | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
===Dharamshala International Film Festival=== | |||
=== | [[Dharamshala International Film Festival|DIFF]] was established in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-warmth-of-human-stories/article25444062.ece |title=The warmth of human stories |first=Murtaza |last=Ali Khan |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 November 2018 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> It is presented by [[White Crane Films|White Crane Arts & Media trust]], established by filmmakers [[Ritu Sarin]] and [[Tenzing Sonam]] to promote contemporary art, cinema and independent media practices in the Himalayan region.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} | ||
=== | ==Transport== | ||
=== Rail === | ===Road=== | ||
[[Pathankot]] is | Buses of all classes (deluxe, air-conditioned, and regular) ply daily between Dharamshala and major cities such as [[Chandigarh]], Delhi, and [[Shimla]] through [[National Highway 154 (India)|NH 154]] and [[National Highway 503 (India)|NH 503]]. | ||
===Air=== | |||
Dharamshala town is reached by [[Gaggal Airport]] codes|DHM|VIGG, about 12 km to the town's south and about 10 km north of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] town. | |||
===Rail=== | |||
[[Pathankot]], some 90 km away, is the nearest broad gauge railway head. The [[Kangra Valley Railway]], a narrow gauge railway line connecting [[Pathankot]] to [[Jogindernagar]], can also be used to reach the town via rail. This line is well-known for picturesque views of the Kangra valley from it. The nearest station to Dharamshala on this line is Chamunda Marg, located about 22 km southeast. | |||
===Ropeway=== | |||
A 1.8 km long ropeway called ''Dharamshala Skyway'' connecting Dharamshala and Mcleodganj via cable car was inaugurated in January 2022. | |||
==Educational institutions== | ==Educational institutions== | ||
[[File:Tibetan Library Dharamsala.jpg|thumb|Tibetan Library, Dharamsala]] | [[File:Tibetan Library Dharamsala.jpg|thumb|Tibetan Library, Dharamsala]] | ||
* [[Central University of Himachal Pradesh]] | *[[Central University of Himachal Pradesh]], [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] | ||
* [[Government College of Teacher Education Dharamsala]] | *[[Government College of Teacher Education Dharamsala]] | ||
* [[Himachal Pradesh University]] | *[[Himachal Pradesh University]] | ||
*[[International Sahaja Public School]] | |||
*[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad memorial Library at Jama Masjid Dharamshala]] | |||
== Sports == | ==Sports== | ||
[[File:Dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Dharamshala International Cricket Stadium]] | [[File:Dharamshala stadium,himachal pradesh.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Dharamshala International Cricket Stadium]] | ||
===Dharamshala International Cricket Stadium=== | ===Dharamshala International Cricket Stadium=== | ||
[[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium]] (HPCAS) is a cricket stadium of international reputation, which serves as the home ground to the Himachal Pradesh state cricket team and for the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] team [[Kings XI Punjab]] to a limited extent. By virtue of its natural backdrop, it is one of the most attractive cricket stadiums in the world. It is also one of the highest altitude Cricket Stadiums in the world. In addition to Ranji matches, some international matches are held here. | [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium]] (HPCAS) is a cricket stadium of international reputation, which serves as the home ground to the Himachal Pradesh state cricket team and for the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] team [[Kings XI Punjab]] to a limited extent. By virtue of its natural backdrop, it is one of the most attractive cricket stadiums in the world. It is also one of the highest altitude Cricket Stadiums in the world. In addition to Ranji matches, some international matches are held here. The HPCA International Cricket Stadium is located near the Government Degree College, Dharmashala. The first One day International held at the ground was played between India and England on Sunday, 27 January 2013 which England won by 7 wickets. In May 2011, a match between Kings XI Punjab and Chennai Superkings was held here which was attended by the Dalai Lama. | ||
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://himachal.us/2007/11/15/cricket-ground-dharamsala/3611/media/photo-news/rsood |title= | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://himachal.us/2007/11/15/cricket-ground-dharamsala/3611/media/photo-news/rsood |title=Cricket ground, Dharamsala |access-date=12 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807002500/http://himachal.us/2007/11/15/cricket-ground-dharamsala/3611/media/photo-news/rsood |archive-date=7 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-venues.html |title=HotStar Live Cricket Match Online Today, IPL 2016 Live Streaming, Sony Six Live Telecast, Sony ESPN: ICC T20 World Cup 2016 Venues |publisher=t20wclivestream2016.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201115131/http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-venues.html |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-schedule.html |title=HotStar Live Cricket Match Online Today, IPL 2016 Live Streaming, Sony Six Live Telecast, Sony ESPN: ICC T20 World Cup 2016 Schedule |publisher=t20wclivestream.in |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201114439/http://www.t20wclivestream2016.in/p/icc-t20-world-cup-2016-schedule.html |archive-date=1 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
The snow-capped mountains can be easily viewed throughout the year. An additional feature is the Dharamshala College nearby which is surrounded by pine trees on one side. | The snow-capped mountains can be easily viewed throughout the year. An additional feature is the Dharamshala College nearby which is surrounded by pine trees on one side. | ||
==Notable residents== | ==Notable residents== | ||
* [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]] ( | *[[Mehr Chand Mahajan]] (1889–1967) from Dharamshala was the third Chief Justice of India and 1st Prime Minister of J&K | ||
* [[Tenzin Gyatso]], 14th [[Dalai Lama]] | *[[Tenzin Gyatso]], HH The 14th [[Dalai Lama]] | ||
* [[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin]], died here. | *[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin]], died here. | ||
* [[Alfred W. Hallett]], artist who exhibited twice in [[Royal Academy of Arts]] London and lived 41 years at [[Dharamkot (Himachal Pradesh)|Dharamkot]] in upper Dharamshala; died here in 1986. | *[[Alfred W. Hallett]], artist who exhibited twice in [[Royal Academy of Arts]] London and lived 41 years at [[Dharamkot (Himachal Pradesh)|Dharamkot]] in upper Dharamshala; died here in 1986. | ||
* [[Kishan Kapoor]], Member of Parliament, Kangra. | *[[Kishan Kapoor]], Member of Parliament, Kangra. | ||
* [[Purva Rana]], Vice Queen at Miss United Continent, 2013 | *[[Purva Rana]], Vice Queen at Miss United Continent, 2013 | ||
* [[Sheetal Thakur]], Indian model and actor. | *[[Sheetal Thakur]], Indian model and actor. | ||
* | *[[ Asif Basra]], died here 12 november 2020 | ||
==Notable | ==Notable organisations== | ||
* [[Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy]] | *[[Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy]] | ||
*[[Central Tibetan Administration]] | |||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* Verma, V. 1996. ''Gaddis of Dhauladhar: A Transhumant Tribe of the Himalayas''. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi. | *Verma, V. 1996. ''Gaddis of Dhauladhar: A Transhumant Tribe of the Himalayas''. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi. | ||
* Handa, O. C. 1987. ''Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh''. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi.{{ISBN|81-85182-03-5|}}. | *Handa, O. C. 1987. ''Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh''. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi.{{ISBN|81-85182-03-5|}}. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Hari Kothi]], a historic property in Dharamshala | *[[Hari Kothi]], a historic property in Dharamshala | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 305: | Line 312: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60ItP99P8i4 "India's Female Traffic Police," filmed in Dharamshala, 2018] | |||
{{Himachal Pradesh topics}}{{Authority control}} | |||
{{Kangra district}} | |||
{{ | |||
[[Category:Dharamshala]] | [[Category:Dharamshala| ]] | ||
[[Category:1849 establishments in British India]] | [[Category:1849 establishments in British India]] | ||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kangra district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Kangra district]] | ||
[[Category:Hill stations in Himachal Pradesh]] | [[Category:Hill stations in Himachal Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Populated places established in 1849]] | [[Category:Populated places established in 1849]] | ||
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]] | [[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]] | ||
[[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]] | [[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]] | ||
[[Category:Smart cities in India]] | [[Category:Smart cities in India]] | ||