Anandpur Sahib: Difference between revisions

| other_name              =  

| photo1a  = 2 Sri Kesgarh Takhat Anandpur Sahib Khalsa birthplace Himalayan foothills in view Punjab India.jpg

| photo2a = Khalsa Heritage Memorial 176 Edit.jpg

| photo2b = Takht Sri Kesgarh Sahib - Anandpur Sahib.jpg

| photo3a  = Anandpur riverside.jpg

| image_caption            = Anandpur Sahib, [[Virasat-e-Khalsa]], Takht Sri Kesgarh Sahib, Anandpur Reverside

| leader_name1            = Kanwarpal Singh Rana(Congress)

'''Anandpur Sahib''', sometimes referred to simply as '''Anandpur''' (lit. "city of bliss"), is a city in [[Rupnagar district]] (Ropar), on the edge of [[Shivalik Hills]], in the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref name="McLeod2009p16"/> Located near the [[Sutlej River]], the city is one of the most sacred places in [[Sikhism]], being the place where the last two Sikh Gurus, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] and [[Guru Gobind Singh]], lived. It is also the place where Guru Gobind Singh founded the [[Khalsa]] Panth in 1699.<ref name="Fenech2014p237">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=237–238}}</ref> The city is home to Takhat Sri Kesgarh Sahib,  Third of the five [[Panj Takht|Takht]]s in Sikhism.<ref name="McLeod2009p16">{{cite book|author=W. H. McLeod|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA16 |year=2009| publisher=Scarecrow|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6|page=16}}</ref>

Anandpur Sahib was founded in June 1665 by the ninth [[Sikh Guru]], [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]. He previously lived in Kiratpur, but given the disputes with Ram Rai – the elder son of [[Guru Har Rai]] and other [[sects of Sikhism]], he moved to village in Makhoval. He named it ''Chakk Nanaki'' after his mother. In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur was tortured and beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam under the orders of the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]], a martyrdom that led Sikhs to rename the town to Anandpur and crown his son Gobind Das as per his orders (also known as Gobind Rai)<ref>Gurmukh Singh (2009), [http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx Anandpur Sahib], Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University; Quote: "Naming his young son, Gobind Dās (Later, Siṅgh), hardly nine years of age, his spiritual successor, he set out on the journey, preaching the holy word in towns and villages he passed through. In Delhi, he was taken into custody, tortured and executed publicly under the orders of Emperor Aurangzib in the Chandni Chowk on 11 November 1675".</ref> as his successor and famous as [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name="McLeod2014p34">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|pages=34–35}}</ref><ref name=bbcgtb>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/teghbahadur.shtml|title=Religions - Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=fenech4>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=236–238}};<br>{{cite journal | last=Fenech | first=Louis E. | title=Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | publisher= American Oriental Society

The village grew into town, likely dramatically state Louis E. Fenech and W. H. McLeod, as Sikhs moved near Guru Gobind Singh.<ref name="McLeod2014p34"/> The growing strength of Sikhs in Anandpur under the tenth Guru, after the execution of the ninth Guru, raised concerns of the neighboring Pahari rajas - the vassals of the Mughal Empire, along with the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.<ref name="McLeod2014p34"/><ref name="Fenech2013"/>{{rp|14}} In 1693, Aurangzeb issued an order that banned large gatherings of Sikhs such as during the festival of [[Baisakhi]].<ref name="Fenech2013">{{cite book|author=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUUfAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-993145-3}}</ref>{{rp|14}} In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa panth and gathered a large armed militia. This triggered Aurangzeb and his vassal Hindu kings around Anandpur to blockade Anandpur.<ref name="McLeod2014p34"/> This led to several battles:

Heterogeneous societies and discrete buildings as economic and administrative, social, institutional,political, neighborhoods and associated personnel, compacted and overlapped packing of residential and nonresidential structures, monumental core of unique buildings (for example, Keshgarh Sahib Gurudwara, bus stand structure), Five Forts of city and Khalsa Heritage Museum, special characteristic features “City profile” of Anandpur Sahib that shows maximum building height at the centre of the city and less height as one moves away from the city centre, central focus the enshrined centre, whose access was restricted and where Gurudwaras predominated.<ref name="Sharma V.C. 2017"/>

*'''Gurudwara [[Takht Sri Kesgarh Sahib]]''': is the principal Sikh temple in the town. It marks the birthplace of Khalsa and one of the five religious authorities (Five Takhts) of Sikhism. Standing on a hillock, the present complex was built between 1936 and 1944. The plan of the building is a square set inside a {{convert|30|m2}} square courtyard. In it are the Takht's office and a Gurdwara. The Gurdwara has a {{convert|16|m2}} square hall, inside which is {{convert|5.5|m2}} square sanctum with the Sikh scripture and old weapons used by Guru Gobind Singh's Khalsa, signifying the ''miri'' and ''piri'' aspects of the Sikh faith. The dome of the Gurdwara is fluted lotus. The lower levels of the complex has a langar (free community kitchen run by volunteers), a {{convert|55|m2}} square divan hall, and a row of rooms for pilgrims called the Dashmesh Nivas. Nearby is an {{convert|80|m2}} square ''sarovar'' (holy water tank) for pilgrims to take their pilgrimage dip.<ref name=eosanand/>

*'''Gurdwara Sisganj''': built by [[Ranjit Singh]] to mark the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur's severed head after his execution in Delhi, was cremated in 1675.<ref name="Fenech2014p446">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA446|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=446–447}}</ref> Guru Gobind Singh had a platform and shrine built on the site of the cremation. He entrusted an [[Sects of Sikhism|Udasi]] Sikh named Gurbakhsh to protect this shrine when he left Anandpur in 1705. The Gurdwara was enlarged and renovated in the 1970s.<ref name=eosanand/> This Sikh temple features a pinnacled dome under which is the sanctum. Around the sanctum is a {{convert|4.5|m}} wide circumambulation path with carved marble pillars.<ref name=eosanand/>

*'''Gurudwara Akal Bunga Sahib''': This Gurdwara is opposite to Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib. It was built by a pujari named Man Singh in 1889. Here Guru Gobind Singh after the cremation of the "head of Guru Teg Bahadur" had delivered a sermon after the beheading of his father Guru Teg Bahadur in Delhi.<ref name=eosanand/>

*'''Gurudwara Manji Sahib / Gurudwara Dumalgarh Sahib''': This Gurdwara is on the northern side of Takht Shri Keshgarh Sahib. Here, Guru Gobind Singh used to train his sons. This place was used as playground; wrestling and other competitions were held here.<ref name=eosanand/>

10th Sikh Guru [[Guru Gobind Singh]] made five forts on the border of the city. The buildings to commemorate each of these were built between late 1970s and the late 1980s:<ref name=eosanand/>

*'''Qila Fatehgarh Sahib:''' Fateh Singh was born here hence the name.name.

*Guru-Ka-Lahore: It is situated about 11&nbsp;km on Sri Anandpur Sahib-Ganguwal route leading to the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], India. On 25 January 1686, the 10th Guru's wedding to Mata was celebrated here. Two trickling springs, claimed to be dug out from the stony mountain-side by the 10th Guru, still exist today.

*Shri Naina Devi ji : This temple is one of the oldest and holiest  temple in Distt-Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh.So many tourists visit here after going to Anandpur Sahib.It's about 20km away from Anandpur Sahib and situated on Shivalik Range.

 

:*[[Sri Dasmesh Academy]]