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| name = Madhubala | | name = Madhubala | ||
| image = Madhubala1957.png | | image = Madhubala1957.png | ||
| caption = Madhubala {{c.|1957}} | | caption = Madhubala, {{c.|1957}} | ||
| native_name = <!--Do not fill this field; see [[WP:INDICSCRIPTS]] policy--> | | native_name = <!--Do not fill this field; see [[WP:INDICSCRIPTS]] policy--> | ||
| birth_name = Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi | | birth_name = Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1933|2|14}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1933|2|14}} | ||
| birth_place = [[ | | birth_place = [[Swabi]], [[N.W.F.P|British India Present Day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan]] | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1969|2|23|1933|2|14}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1969|2|23|1933|2|14}} | ||
| death_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India | | death_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India | ||
| death_cause = [[Ventricular septal defect]] | | death_cause = [[Ventricular septal defect]] | ||
| resting_place = Juhu Muslim Cemetery, [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santa Cruz]], Mumbai | | resting_place = Juhu Muslim Cemetery, [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santa Cruz]], Mumbai | ||
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'''Madhubala''' (born '''Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi'''; 14 February 1933 – 23 February 1969) was an Indian actress and producer who worked in [[Hindi]]-language films. She ranked as one of the highest-paid entertainers in India in the [[History of India (1947–present)|post-independence era]], that coincided with the rise of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] on global levels.<ref name="story of india" /><ref name="theatre arts" /> In a career spanning more than 20 years, Madhubala was predominantly active for only a decade but had appeared in [[Madhubala filmography#Films|over 60 films]] by the time of her death in 1969. | '''Madhubala''' (born '''Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi'''; 14 February 1933 – 23 February 1969) was an Indian actress and producer who worked in [[Hindi]]-language films. She ranked as one of the highest-paid entertainers in India in the [[History of India (1947–present)|post-independence era]], that coincided with the rise of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] on global levels.<ref name="story of india" /><ref name="theatre arts" /> In a career spanning more than 20 years, Madhubala was predominantly active for only a decade but had appeared in [[Madhubala filmography#Films|over 60 films]] by the time of her death in 1969. | ||
Born and raised in [[Delhi]], Madhubala relocated to [[ | Born and raised in [[Delhi]], Madhubala relocated to [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) with her family when she was 8 years old and shortly after appeared in minor roles in a number of films. She soon progressed to leading roles in the late 1940s, and earned success with the dramas ''[[Neel Kamal (1947 film)|Neel Kamal]]'' (1947) and ''[[Amar (1954 film)|Amar]]'' (1954), the horror film ''[[Mahal (1949 film)|Mahal]]'' (1949), and the romantic films ''[[Baadal (1951 film)|Badal]]'' (1951) and ''[[Tarana (1951 film)|Tarana]]'' (1951). Following a brief setback, Madhubala rose to international prominence with her roles in the comedies ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]'' (1955), ''[[Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi]]'' (1958) and ''[[Half Ticket (1962 film)|Half Ticket]]'' (1962), the crime films ''[[Howrah Bridge (1958 film)|Howrah Bridge]]'' and ''[[Kala Pani (1958 film)|Kala Pani]]'' (both 1958), and the musical ''[[Barsaat Ki Raat]]'' (1960). | ||
Madhubala's portrayal of [[Anarkali]] in the historical epic drama ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960){{mdash}}the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing film in India]] at that point of time{{mdash}}earned her widespread critical acclaim and her only nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]; her performance has since been described by critics as one of the finest in Indian cinematic history.{{sfn|Roy|2019|p=151|ps=: "Her most challenging performance, as a doomed courtesan who is in love with the son (or crown prince) of Mughal emperor Akbar, ranks high on every list of the greatest female performances in Indian cinema."}} | Madhubala's portrayal of [[Anarkali]] in the historical epic drama ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960){{mdash}}the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing film in India]] at that point of time{{mdash}}earned her widespread critical acclaim and her only nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]]; her performance has since been described by critics as one of the finest in Indian cinematic history.{{sfn|Roy|2019|p=151|ps=: "Her most challenging performance, as a doomed courtesan who is in love with the son (or crown prince) of Mughal emperor Akbar, ranks high on every list of the greatest female performances in Indian cinema."}} She worked sporadically in film in the 1960s, making her final appearance in the drama ''[[Sharabi (1964 film)|Sharabi]]'' (1964). Additionally, she produced three films under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in 1953. | ||
Despite maintaining strong privacy, Madhubala earned significant media coverage for performing actively in charity, and for her relationships with actor [[Dilip Kumar]], which lasted seven years, and with actor-singer [[Kishore Kumar]], whom she eventually married in 1960. From the beginning of her thirties, she suffered from recurring bouts of [[breathlessness]] and [[hemoptysis]] caused by a [[ventricular septal defect]], ultimately leading to her death in 1969. | Despite maintaining strong privacy, Madhubala earned significant media coverage for performing actively in charity, and for her relationships with actor [[Dilip Kumar]], which lasted seven years, and with actor-singer [[Kishore Kumar]], whom she eventually married in 1960. From the beginning of her thirties, she suffered from recurring bouts of [[breathlessness]] and [[hemoptysis]] caused by a [[ventricular septal defect]], ultimately leading to her death in 1969. | ||
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==Childhood and early career== | ==Childhood and early career== | ||
[[File:Old Delhi city skyline from Jama Masjid, Delhi, India.jpg|thumb|180px|Madhubala's birth city, [[Delhi]]]] | [[File:Old Delhi city skyline from Jama Masjid, Delhi, India.jpg|thumb|180px|Madhubala's birth city, [[Delhi]]]] | ||
Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in [[Delhi]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], on 14 February 1933.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=39|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=75|3a1=Roy|3y=2019|3p=150|4a1=Lanba|4a2=Patel|4y=2012|4p=115}} She was the fifth of eleven children of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=115}} At least four of Madhubala's siblings died as infants;{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=24}} her sisters who survived until adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. 1925), Altaf (b. 1930), Chanchal (b. 1934) and Zahida (b. 1949).{{efn|In 2017, in an interview for ''[[Filmfare]]'', Madhur Bhushan (née Zahida) reported that Kaneez is 92, Altaf is 87 and Chanchal is 83 years old.<ref name="sick" /> Talking to the same magazine on another occasion, she told that she was born when Madhubala was 16 years old i.e. in 1949.<ref name="Dilip saab" />}} Khan, who belonged to the [[Yusufzai|Yusufzai tribe]] of [[Pashtuns]] from [[Peshawar valley]],<ref name=":14">{{Cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1157403 |title=Madhubala: From Peshawar with love ... |last=Khan |first=Javed |date=18 January 2015 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=20 April 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=20 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420140131/https://www.dawn.com/news/1157403 |url-status=live}}</ref> was an employee in [[Imperial Brands|Imperial Tobacco Company]].<ref name=":14" />{{sfn|Ekbal|2009|p=17}} Unknown to her family members, Madhubala was born with a [[ventricular septal defect]], a congenital heart disorder which had no treatment at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2015 |title=The blue baby syndrome |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/living/the-blue-baby-syndrome-483894.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2021 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mrandmrs55.com">{{Cite web |url=https://mrandmrs55.com/2013/02/05/what-killed-madhubala-a-close-look-at-the-death-of-a-bollywood-icon/ |title=What Killed Madhubala: A Close Look at the Death of A Bollywood Icon |date=5 February 2013 |website=Mr. & Mrs. 55 – Classic Bollywood Revisited! |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512052653/https://mrandmrs55.com/2013/02/05/what-killed-madhubala-a-close-look-at-the-death-of-a-bollywood-icon/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in [[Delhi]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], on 14 February 1933.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=39|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=75|3a1=Roy|3y=2019|3p=150|4a1=Lanba|4a2=Patel|4y=2012|4p=115}} She was the fifth of eleven children of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=115}} At least four of Madhubala's siblings died as infants;{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=24}} her sisters who survived until adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. 1925), Altaf (b. 1930), Chanchal (b. 1934) and Zahida (b. 1949).{{efn|In 2017, in an interview for ''[[Filmfare]]'', Madhur Bhushan (née Zahida) reported that Kaneez is 92, Altaf is 87 and Chanchal is 83 years old.<ref name="sick" /> Talking to the same magazine on another occasion, she told that she was born when Madhubala was 16 years old i.e. in 1949.<ref name="Dilip saab" />}} Khan, who belonged to the [[Yusufzai|Yusufzai tribe]] of [[Pashtuns]] from [[Valley of Peshawar|Peshawar valley]],<ref name=":14">{{Cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1157403 |title=Madhubala: From Peshawar with love ... |last=Khan |first=Javed |date=18 January 2015 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=20 April 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=20 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420140131/https://www.dawn.com/news/1157403 |url-status=live}}</ref> was an employee in [[Imperial Brands|Imperial Tobacco Company]].<ref name=":14" />{{sfn|Ekbal|2009|p=17}} Unknown to her family members, Madhubala was born with a [[ventricular septal defect]], a congenital heart disorder which had no treatment at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2015 |title=The blue baby syndrome |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/living/the-blue-baby-syndrome-483894.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2021 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mrandmrs55.com">{{Cite web |url=https://mrandmrs55.com/2013/02/05/what-killed-madhubala-a-close-look-at-the-death-of-a-bollywood-icon/ |title=What Killed Madhubala: A Close Look at the Death of A Bollywood Icon |date=5 February 2013 |website=Mr. & Mrs. 55 – Classic Bollywood Revisited! |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512052653/https://mrandmrs55.com/2013/02/05/what-killed-madhubala-a-close-look-at-the-death-of-a-bollywood-icon/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Madhubala spent most of her childhood in Delhi and grew up without any kind of health issues.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=115}} Owing to the orthodox ideas of their [[Muslims|Muslim]] father, neither Madhubala nor any of her sisters except Zahida attended school.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=19}}<ref name="sick2" /> Madhubala nevertheless learnt [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]] as well as her native language, [[Pashto]], under her father's guidance.<ref name="News182011">{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/top-20-things-you-didnt-know-about-madhubala-414846.html |title=Top 20: Things you didn't know about Madhubala |last=Chatterjee |first=Rituparna |date=1 November 2011 |work=News18 |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831155228/https://www.news18.com/news/india/top-20-things-you-didnt-know-about-madhubala-414846.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Booch|1962|p=76}} An avid movie viewer since the beginning, she used to perform her favourite scenes in front of her mother and spend her time dancing and imitating film characters to entertain herself.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=115}} In spite of her conservative upbringing, she aimed to become a film actor{{mdash}}which her father strictly disapproved of.{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=24}} | Madhubala spent most of her childhood in Delhi and grew up without any kind of health issues.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=115}} Owing to the orthodox ideas of their [[Muslims|Muslim]] father, neither Madhubala nor any of her sisters except Zahida attended school.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=19}}<ref name="sick2" /> Madhubala nevertheless learnt [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]] as well as her native language, [[Pashto]], under her father's guidance.<ref name="News182011">{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/top-20-things-you-didnt-know-about-madhubala-414846.html |title=Top 20: Things you didn't know about Madhubala |last=Chatterjee |first=Rituparna |date=1 November 2011 |work=News18 |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831155228/https://www.news18.com/news/india/top-20-things-you-didnt-know-about-madhubala-414846.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Booch|1962|p=76}} An avid movie viewer since the beginning, she used to perform her favourite scenes in front of her mother and spend her time dancing and imitating film characters to entertain herself.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=115}} In spite of her conservative upbringing, she aimed to become a film actor{{mdash}}which her father strictly disapproved of.{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=24}} | ||
Khan's decision changed in 1940 after he got fired from | Khan's decision changed in 1940 after he got fired from his job for misbehaving with a senior officer.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=24|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=115}} Madhubala's mother feared [[ostracism]] if they allowed their young daughter to work in the entertainment industry, but Khan remained adamant.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=19}} Soon Madhubala was employed at the [[All India Radio]] station to sing compositions of [[Khwaja Khurshid Anwar|Khurshid Anwar]]. The seven-year-old continued working there for months,{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=24}}<ref name="Dawn">{{Cite web |last=Noorani |first=Asif |author-link=Asif Noorani |date=10 February 2019 |title=Flashback: Fifty Years Without Madhubala |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1462968 |access-date=16 June 2021 |work=Dawn |language=en}}</ref> and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of the studio [[Bombay Talkies]], situated in [[Mumbai|Bombay]].<ref name="Dawn" />{{sfn|Patel|1952|p=13}} Chunnilal took an immediate liking towards Madhubala, eventually suggesting Khan to visit Bombay for better employment opportunities.{{sfn|Patel|1952|p=13}} | ||
==Acting career== | ==Acting career== | ||
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Madhubala found her first critical and commercial success in the drama ''[[Lal Dupatta]]'', which ''[[The Indian Express]]'' mentioned as a breakthrough for her.{{sfn|Booch|1962|p=76}}<ref name="iep" /> [[Baburao Patel]] described the film as "the first milestone of her maturity in screen acting."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=47}} She received further positive reviews for her supporting parts in ''Parai Aag'' (1948), ''[[Paras (1949 film)|Paras]]'' and ''[[Singaar]]'' (both 1949).{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=47|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2pp=39,141,146}} In 1949, Madhubala played a ''[[femme fatale]]'' in [[Kamal Amrohi]]'s ''[[Mahal (1949 film)|Mahal]]''{{mdash}}the first horror film of Indian cinema.<ref name="Mahal" /> Several actresses including [[Suraiya]] were considered for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=52–53|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=76}}<ref name="testing">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=Testing times for Madhubala |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/testing-times-for-madhubala/articleshow/31369389.cms |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=Pune Mirror |language=en}}</ref> Her character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in an ancient mansion, whose pretensions of an apparition lead to disastrous consequences. The film was produced on a modest budget due to financial constraints, with trade analysts predicting it to be a failure owing to its unconventional subject.<ref name="testing" /> ''Mahal'' was released in October 1949 and proved to be an immensely popular film among audience.<ref name="testing" /> In ''Beyond the Boundaries of Bollywood'', [[Rachel Dwyer]] noted that Madhubala's ignorance among audience added to the mysterious nature of her character.<ref name="Mahal">{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Rachel |date=3 August 2019 |title=70 Years Ago, 'Mahal' Gave Us an Early Glimpse of Gothic in Bombay Cinema |url=https://thewire.in/books/70-years-ago-mahal-gave-us-an-early-glimpse-of-gothic-in-bombay-cinema |url-status=live |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> The film, which would be Madhubala's first of many collaborations with actor and brother-in-law [[Ashok Kumar]],{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=42}} emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, resulting in her signing a string of starring roles opposite the leading actors of the time.<ref name="bo40">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=Box Office 1949 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016234445/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ== |archive-date=16 October 2013 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Box Office India}}<br />{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=121&catName=MTk0MC0xOTQ5 |title=Box Office Results (1940–49) |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014094402/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=121&catName=MTk0MC0xOTQ5 |access-date=26 September 2021 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=70|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=76|3a1=Bhatia|3y=1952|3p=142|4a1=Jhingana|4y=2010|4p=26|5a1=Lanba|5a2=Patel|5y=2012|5p=116}} | Madhubala found her first critical and commercial success in the drama ''[[Lal Dupatta]]'', which ''[[The Indian Express]]'' mentioned as a breakthrough for her.{{sfn|Booch|1962|p=76}}<ref name="iep" /> [[Baburao Patel]] described the film as "the first milestone of her maturity in screen acting."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=47}} She received further positive reviews for her supporting parts in ''Parai Aag'' (1948), ''[[Paras (1949 film)|Paras]]'' and ''[[Singaar]]'' (both 1949).{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=47|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2pp=39,141,146}} In 1949, Madhubala played a ''[[femme fatale]]'' in [[Kamal Amrohi]]'s ''[[Mahal (1949 film)|Mahal]]''{{mdash}}the first horror film of Indian cinema.<ref name="Mahal" /> Several actresses including [[Suraiya]] were considered for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=52–53|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=76}}<ref name="testing">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2013 |title=Testing times for Madhubala |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/testing-times-for-madhubala/articleshow/31369389.cms |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=Pune Mirror |language=en}}</ref> Her character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in an ancient mansion, whose pretensions of an apparition lead to disastrous consequences. The film was produced on a modest budget due to financial constraints, with trade analysts predicting it to be a failure owing to its unconventional subject.<ref name="testing" /> ''Mahal'' was released in October 1949 and proved to be an immensely popular film among audience.<ref name="testing" /> In ''Beyond the Boundaries of Bollywood'', [[Rachel Dwyer]] noted that Madhubala's ignorance among audience added to the mysterious nature of her character.<ref name="Mahal">{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Rachel |date=3 August 2019 |title=70 Years Ago, 'Mahal' Gave Us an Early Glimpse of Gothic in Bombay Cinema |url=https://thewire.in/books/70-years-ago-mahal-gave-us-an-early-glimpse-of-gothic-in-bombay-cinema |url-status=live |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> The film, which would be Madhubala's first of many collaborations with actor and brother-in-law [[Ashok Kumar]],{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=42}} emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, resulting in her signing a string of starring roles opposite the leading actors of the time.<ref name="bo40">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=Box Office 1949 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016234445/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=154&catName=MTk0OQ== |archive-date=16 October 2013 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Box Office India}}<br />{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=121&catName=MTk0MC0xOTQ5 |title=Box Office Results (1940–49) |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014094402/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=121&catName=MTk0MC0xOTQ5 |access-date=26 September 2021 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=70|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=76|3a1=Bhatia|3y=1952|3p=142|4a1=Jhingana|4y=2010|4p=26|5a1=Lanba|5a2=Patel|5y=2012|5p=116}} | ||
Following another box office hit in ''[[Dulari (film)|Dulari]]'' (1949),<ref name="bo40" /> Madhubala played [[Ajit Khan|Ajit]]'s love interest in [[K. Amarnath]]'s social drama ''[[Beqasoor]]'' (1950). The feature received positive reviews and ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2009 |title=Box Office 1950 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=155&catName=MTk1MA==&PHPSESSID=5e4fbdfd7321468766f34a3b11062d4a |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207075657/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=155&catName=MTk1MA==&PHPSESSID=5e4fbdfd7321468766f34a3b11062d4a |archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref> Also in 1950, she appeared in the comedy-drama ''[[Hanste Aansoo]]'', which became the first Indian film to be awarded an | Following another box office hit in ''[[Dulari (film)|Dulari]]'' (1949),<ref name="bo40" /> Madhubala played [[Ajit Khan|Ajit]]'s love interest in [[K. Amarnath]]'s social drama ''[[Beqasoor]]'' (1950). The feature received positive reviews and ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2009 |title=Box Office 1950 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=155&catName=MTk1MA==&PHPSESSID=5e4fbdfd7321468766f34a3b11062d4a |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=1 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207075657/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=155&catName=MTk1MA==&PHPSESSID=5e4fbdfd7321468766f34a3b11062d4a |archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref> Also in 1950, she appeared in the comedy-drama ''[[Hanste Aansoo]]'', which became the first Indian film to be awarded an Adult certification.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=101}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old and truly gold |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/old-and-truly-gold-565222 |access-date=13 October 2020 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> The following year, Madhubala starred in the [[Amiya Chakravarty (director)|Amiya Chakravarty]]-directed action film ''[[Baadal (1951 film)|Badal]]'' (1951), a remake of ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]''. Her portrayal of a princess who ignorantly falls in love with [[Prem Nath]]'s character received mixed reviews;{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=115–116|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=116|3a1=Jhingana|3y=2010|3p=27–28}} a critic praised her looks but advised her to "learn to speak her dialogue slowly, distinctly and effectively instead of rattling through her lines in a monotone."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=115}} She subsequently played the titular part in M. Sadiq's romance ''[[Saiyan (film)|Saiyan]]'', which Roger Yue of ''[[The Singapore Free Press]]'' commented was played "to perfection".<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last=Yue |first=Roger |date=27 October 1951 |title=India's ''Duel in the Sun'' a success |publisher=[[The Singapore Free Press]] |url=http://hindi-movies-songs.com/joomla/index.php/hindi-films/articles/1640-musing-620-roberto-103-saiyan-in-singapore |access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> Both ''Badal'' and ''Saiyan'' proved to be major box-office successes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office 1951 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=156&catName=MTk1MQ== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102005532/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=156&catName=MTk1MQ== |url-status=live |archive-date=2 January 2010 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> Madhubala then collaborated with actor [[Dilip Kumar]] twice in a row, on the 1951 comedy ''[[Tarana (1951 film)|Tarana]]'' and the 1952 drama ''[[Sangdil]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=111|2a1=Khdair|2y=2020|2p=52|3a1=Lanba|3a2=Patel|3y=2012|3p=117}} These films also performed well financially, popularizing the on and offscreen couple among wide audience.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=107}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2012 |title=Box Office 1952 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=158&catName=MTk1Mg== |url-status=live |access-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922022116/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=158&catName=MTk1Mg== |archive-date=22 September 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> Baburao Patel's ''[[filmindia]]'' review of ''Tarana'' read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance of her screen career in this picture. She seems to have discovered her soul at last in Dilip Kumar's company."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=108–109}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2015 |title=Filmindia in photos |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/brunch/filmindia-in-photos/photo-kxLZoXYIKHw81ln3LOYjrK.html |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> | ||
The period during the mid-1950s saw a drop in Madhubala's success, as most of her releases failed commercially, leading her to be labelled "box office poison".{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=26|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=116}} Madhubala was cast in the costume drama ''[[Shahenshah (1953 film)|Shahehshah]]'' (1953) before [[Kamini Kaushal]] replaced her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=20 June 2019 |title=Kamini Kaushal |url=https://upperstall.com/profile/kamini-kaushal/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref> In April 1953, Madhubala founded a production company called Madhubala Private Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhubala Private LTD Information |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/ |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The following year, while shooting in [[Chennai|Madras]] for [[S. S. Vasan]]'s ''[[Bahut Din Huwe]]'' (1954), she suffered a major health setback due to her heart disease.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=72|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=125}} She returned to Bombay after completing the film and took a short-term medical leave from work,{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=72|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=28}} which led to her replacement (by [[Nimmi]]) in ''[[Uran Khatola (film)|Uran Khatola]]'' (1955).<ref name="manohar">{{cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Manohar |title=The unknown side of Madhubala |url=http://activeindiatv.com/entertainment/27981-the-unknown-side-of-madhubala |website=ActiveIndiaTV.com |date=5 January 2015 |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821051759/http://activeindiatv.com/entertainment/27981-the-unknown-side-of-madhubala |url-status=live}}</ref> Madhubala later starred in another film of 1954{{mdash}}[[Mehboob Khan]]'s ''[[Amar (1954 film)|Amar]]'', portraying a social worker involved in a love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala improvised a scene from the film;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bharatan |first=Raju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg09BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132 |title=Naushadnama: The Life and Music of Naushad |date=14 April 2014 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-81398-63-0 |language=en}}</ref> it was unsuccessful at the box-office.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=112|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=26|3a1=Lanba|3a2=Patel|3y=2012|3p=116}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2013 |title=Box Office 1954 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030025327/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA== |archive-date=30 October 2013 |access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored her role with a nuanced performance."<ref name="ffare" /> Writing for [[Rediff.com]] in 2002, [[Dinesh Raheja]] described ''Amar'' as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly noted a dramatic scene featuring her with Dilip.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |title=Madhubala: a sweet seduction |date=18 October 2002 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/18dinesh.htm |access-date=27 October 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> Madhubala's next release was her own production venture, ''[[Naata (film)|Naata]]'' (1955), in which she co-starred with her real-life sister Chanchal. The film met with a tepid response and lost a lot of money, leading Madhubala to sell her bungalow ''Kismet'' to compensate.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=61}} | The period during the mid-1950s saw a drop in Madhubala's success, as most of her releases failed commercially, leading her to be labelled "box office poison".{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=26|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=116}} Madhubala was cast in the costume drama ''[[Shahenshah (1953 film)|Shahehshah]]'' (1953) before [[Kamini Kaushal]] replaced her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=20 June 2019 |title=Kamini Kaushal |url=https://upperstall.com/profile/kamini-kaushal/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref> In April 1953, Madhubala founded a production company called Madhubala Private Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhubala Private LTD Information |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/company/ |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The following year, while shooting in [[Chennai|Madras]] for [[S. S. Vasan]]'s ''[[Bahut Din Huwe]]'' (1954), she suffered a major health setback due to her heart disease.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=72|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=125}} She returned to Bombay after completing the film and took a short-term medical leave from work,{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=72|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=28}} which led to her replacement (by [[Nimmi]]) in ''[[Uran Khatola (film)|Uran Khatola]]'' (1955).<ref name="manohar">{{cite web |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Manohar |title=The unknown side of Madhubala |url=http://activeindiatv.com/entertainment/27981-the-unknown-side-of-madhubala |website=ActiveIndiaTV.com |date=5 January 2015 |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821051759/http://activeindiatv.com/entertainment/27981-the-unknown-side-of-madhubala |url-status=live}}</ref> Madhubala later starred in another film of 1954{{mdash}}[[Mehboob Khan]]'s ''[[Amar (1954 film)|Amar]]'', portraying a social worker involved in a love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala improvised a scene from the film;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bharatan |first=Raju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg09BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132 |title=Naushadnama: The Life and Music of Naushad |date=14 April 2014 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-81398-63-0 |language=en}}</ref> it was unsuccessful at the box-office.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=112|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=26|3a1=Lanba|3a2=Patel|3y=2012|3p=116}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2013 |title=Box Office 1954 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030025327/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA== |archive-date=30 October 2013 |access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref> Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta of ''[[Filmfare]]'' stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored her role with a nuanced performance."<ref name="ffare" /> Writing for [[Rediff.com]] in 2002, [[Dinesh Raheja]] described ''Amar'' as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly noted a dramatic scene featuring her with Dilip.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |title=Madhubala: a sweet seduction |date=18 October 2002 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/18dinesh.htm |access-date=27 October 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> Madhubala's next release was her own production venture, ''[[Naata (film)|Naata]]'' (1955), in which she co-starred with her real-life sister Chanchal. The film met with a tepid response and lost a lot of money, leading Madhubala to sell her bungalow ''Kismet'' to compensate.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=61}} | ||
Undeterred by recent failures, Madhubala made a comeback in 1955 with [[Guru Dutt]]'s comedy ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]'', which emerged as one of the year's highest-grossing films in India and her biggest success at that point of time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=161&catName=MTk1NQ== |title=Box Office 1955 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030022739/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=161&catName=MTk1NQ== |access-date=26 September 2021 |archive-date=30 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2021 |title=Birth Anniversary Special: 5 iconic Madhubala movies too good to miss |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/birth-anniversary-special-5-iconic-madhubala-movies-too-good-to-miss-951062.html |access-date=16 February 2021 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The film saw Madhubala playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced into a sham marriage with Dutt's character by her spinster aunt ([[Lalita Pawar]]).{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=117–118}} Harneet Singh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called ''Mr. & Mrs. '55'' "a great ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its prime assests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Let Me Make You Mine |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/let-me-make-you-mine/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> A conflict broke out between Madhubala–Khan and director [[B. R. Chopra]] in mid-1956 over the location shoot of ''[[Naya Daur (1957 film)|Naya Daur]]'', in which Madhubala was cast to play the female protagonist. Citing her as uncooperative and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with [[Vyjayanthimala]] and further sued the former for {{INR}}30 | Undeterred by recent failures, Madhubala made a comeback in 1955 with [[Guru Dutt]]'s comedy ''[[Mr. & Mrs. '55]]'', which emerged as one of the year's highest-grossing films in India and her biggest success at that point of time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=161&catName=MTk1NQ== |title=Box Office 1955 |publisher=Box Office India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030022739/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=161&catName=MTk1NQ== |access-date=26 September 2021 |archive-date=30 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2021 |title=Birth Anniversary Special: 5 iconic Madhubala movies too good to miss |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/birth-anniversary-special-5-iconic-madhubala-movies-too-good-to-miss-951062.html |access-date=16 February 2021 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The film saw Madhubala playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced into a sham marriage with Dutt's character by her spinster aunt ([[Lalita Pawar]]).{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=117–118}} Harneet Singh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called ''Mr. & Mrs. '55'' "a great ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its prime assests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Let Me Make You Mine |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/let-me-make-you-mine/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 June 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> A conflict broke out between Madhubala–Khan and director [[B. R. Chopra]] in mid-1956 over the location shoot of ''[[Naya Daur (1957 film)|Naya Daur]]'', in which Madhubala was cast to play the female protagonist. Citing her as uncooperative and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with [[Vyjayanthimala]] and further sued the former for {{INR}}30,000 in damages.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=87–92|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=29|3a1=Lanba|3a2=Patel|3y=2012|3p=121|4a1=Pandhye|4y=2020|4pp=155–156|5a1=Wani|5y=2016|5p=158|6a1=Reuben|6y=1993|6pp=165–172}} The lawsuit continued for about eight months amidst public scrutiny before Chopra withdrew it after ''Naya Daur'' got released.{{sfnm|1a1=Roy|1y=2019|1p=151, 208|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=29}} | ||
During the years 1956–57, Madhubala slightly reduced her workload due to the lawsuit and health issues.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=72–73}} She and [[Nargis]] were approached by Guru Dutt to play either of the two female leads (an unfaithful girlfriend or a hooker with a heart of gold) in his production, ''[[Pyaasa]]'' (1957). However, unable to choose between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over the film to the newcomers [[Mala Sinha]] and [[Waheeda Rehman]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |date=23 June 2003 |title=Pyaasa: Guru Dutt's masterpiece |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/23dinesh.htm |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=11 November 2016 |title=Mala Sinha |url=https://upperstall.com/profile/mala-sinha/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref> Madhubala appeared in two period films in 1956, ''[[Raj Hath]]'' and ''[[Shirin Farhad (1956 film)|Shirin Farhad]]'',{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=117}} both critical and commercial successes.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=90}} The following year, she portrayed a runaway heiress in [[Om Prakash]]'s ''[[Gateway of India (1957 film)|Gateway of India]]'' (1957), which critic [[Deepa Gahlot]] believed to be one of the finest performances of her career.<ref name="gahlot">{{Cite book |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEqwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT150 |title=Take-2: 50 Films That Deserve a New Audience |date=1 October 2015 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-84544-85-0 |language=en}}</ref> Madhubala then starred in the drama ''[[Ek Saal]]'' (1957), which followed a terminally-ill ingenue (Madhubala) who falls in love with Ashok Kumar's character.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=89}} The film proved popular with audience and became as a box office hit, thereby re-establishing Madhubala's stardom.{{sfnm|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=117}} | During the years 1956–57, Madhubala slightly reduced her workload due to the lawsuit and health issues.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=72–73}} She and [[Nargis]] were approached by Guru Dutt to play either of the two female leads (an unfaithful girlfriend or a hooker with a heart of gold) in his production, ''[[Pyaasa]]'' (1957). However, unable to choose between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over the film to the newcomers [[Mala Sinha]] and [[Waheeda Rehman]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |date=23 June 2003 |title=Pyaasa: Guru Dutt's masterpiece |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/23dinesh.htm |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Karan |date=11 November 2016 |title=Mala Sinha |url=https://upperstall.com/profile/mala-sinha/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Upperstall.com}}</ref> Madhubala appeared in two period films in 1956, ''[[Raj Hath]]'' and ''[[Shirin Farhad (1956 film)|Shirin Farhad]]'',{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=117}} both critical and commercial successes.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=90}} The following year, she portrayed a runaway heiress in [[Om Prakash]]'s ''[[Gateway of India (1957 film)|Gateway of India]]'' (1957), which critic [[Deepa Gahlot]] believed to be one of the finest performances of her career.<ref name="gahlot">{{Cite book |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEqwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT150 |title=Take-2: 50 Films That Deserve a New Audience |date=1 October 2015 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-84544-85-0 |language=en}}</ref> Madhubala then starred in the drama ''[[Ek Saal]]'' (1957), which followed a terminally-ill ingenue (Madhubala) who falls in love with Ashok Kumar's character.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=89}} The film proved popular with audience and became as a box office hit, thereby re-establishing Madhubala's stardom.{{sfnm|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=117}} | ||
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===Philanthropy=== | ===Philanthropy=== | ||
She performed actively in charity, which led editor Baburao Patel to call her the "queen of charity".{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=167}}<ref name="donation">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UcUAAAAIAAJ |title=Films in Review |date=1951 |publisher=National Board of Review of Motion Pictures |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> In 1950, she donated {{INR}}5,000 each to children suffering from [[Polio|polio myelitis]] and to the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu And Kashmir]] relief fund, and {{INR}}50,000 for the refugees from [[East Bengal]].{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=70, 83}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hARFAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Rs. 50,000 for relief of refugees |publisher=The Indian Express |year= |location=Bombay |publication-date=19 August 1950 |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy due to her religious beliefs and received wide coverage in the media at that time.<ref name="donation" />{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=70, 83|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2pp=46–47}} Subsequently, she kept her charity work guarded and donated anonymously.<ref name="donation" /> In 1954, it was revealed that Madhubala had been regularly giving monthly bonuses to the lower staff of her studios.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=167}} She also gifted a camera crane to the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] in 1962, which is operational even today.<ref>{{Cite | She performed actively in charity, which led editor Baburao Patel to call her the "queen of charity".{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=167}}<ref name="donation">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UcUAAAAIAAJ |title=Films in Review |date=1951 |publisher=National Board of Review of Motion Pictures |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> In 1950, she donated {{INR}}5,000 each to children suffering from [[Polio|polio myelitis]] and to the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu And Kashmir]] relief fund, and {{INR}}50,000 for the refugees from [[East Bengal]].{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=70, 83}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hARFAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Rs. 50,000 for relief of refugees |publisher=The Indian Express |year= |location=Bombay |publication-date=19 August 1950 |pages=5 |language=en}}</ref> Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy due to her religious beliefs and received wide coverage in the media at that time.<ref name="donation" />{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=70, 83|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2pp=46–47}} Subsequently, she kept her charity work guarded and donated anonymously.<ref name="donation" /> In 1954, it was revealed that Madhubala had been regularly giving monthly bonuses to the lower staff of her studios.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=167}} She also gifted a camera crane to the [[Film and Television Institute of India]] in 1962, which is operational even today.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kher video tweets Madhubala's gift to FTII |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/kher-video-tweets-madhubalas-gift-to-ftii/articleshow/61503151.cms |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |last1=Phadnis |first1=Mayuri }}</ref> | ||
===Friendships=== | ===Friendships=== | ||
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Madhubala's first relationship was with her ''Badal'' co-star [[Prem Nath]], in early 1951.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=115–116}} They broke-up under six months due to religious differences.<ref name="sick2" /> Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Khan for the rest of their lives.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=115|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=28}} Also in 1951, Madhubala began a romance with actor [[Dilip Kumar]], whom she had earlier met working on ''Jwar Bhata'' (1944).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mistress of beauty, stardom and tragedy |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood/140218/madhubalas-85th-birthday.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Their affair went on to receive wide media attention throughout the decade.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=108|2a1=Pandhye|2y=2020|2p=141}} It had a positive impact on Madhubala and her friends have recalled the following few years as the happiest of her life.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=122}} | Madhubala's first relationship was with her ''Badal'' co-star [[Prem Nath]], in early 1951.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=115–116}} They broke-up under six months due to religious differences.<ref name="sick2" /> Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Khan for the rest of their lives.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=115|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=28}} Also in 1951, Madhubala began a romance with actor [[Dilip Kumar]], whom she had earlier met working on ''Jwar Bhata'' (1944).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mistress of beauty, stardom and tragedy |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood/140218/madhubalas-85th-birthday.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Their affair went on to receive wide media attention throughout the decade.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=108|2a1=Pandhye|2y=2020|2p=141}} It had a positive impact on Madhubala and her friends have recalled the following few years as the happiest of her life.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=122}} | ||
As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged but could not marry as Khan had some objections.<ref>{{Cite | As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged but could not marry as Khan had some objections.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The women Dilip Kumar really loved |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/the-women-dilip-kumar-really-loved/photostory/27185728.cms |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Khan wanted Dilip to act in his production house's films, which the actor refused. Also, Dilip specified to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she will have to sever all ties with her family.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=108, 115|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=121–122, 124|3a1=Wani|3y=2016|3pp=144–150, 156, 158|4a1=Bose|4y=2006|4p=322}} She parted ways with him in 1957 amidst the court case over the production of ''Naya Daur'' (1957).{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=61, 91–92|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=121|3a1=Roy|3y=2019|3p=151|4a1=Jhingana|4y=2010|4p=29|5a1=Wani|5y=2016|5p=150|6a1=Reuben|6y=1993|6p=172|7a1=Pandhye|7y=2020|7pp=155–156}} Dilip testified against her and Khan in court, which left Madhubala devastated.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=63, 87–92|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=29|3a1=Lanba|3a2=Patel|3y=2012|3p=121|4a1=Pandhye|4y=2020|4pp=155–156|5a1=Wani|5y=2016|5p=158|6a1=Reuben|6y=1993|6pp=165–172}}{{efn|News regarding the civil affair also reported Dilip's indelicate behaviour towards Madhubala and her father;<ref>{{cite news |title=Film Stars Tyranny: Letter to F. F. I. chief cited in Madhubala case |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9WFlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9 |access-date=28 November 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=5 May 1957 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> the actor, on the other hand, denied this in court and also added that he never proposed her for marriage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Case against Madhubala; more evidence by Dilip Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZFlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2 |access-date=28 November 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=28 April 1957 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> However, actor [[Om Prakash]] recalled a similar incident from 1957 in which Dilip pressurized Madhubala to marry him and break up with her family.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=124}}}} In the meantime, Madhubala was proposed marriage by three of her co-stars: [[Bharat Bhushan]], a widower, [[Pradeep Kumar]] and [[Kishore Kumar]], both of whom were already married.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=125}} | ||
On the sets of ''Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi'' (1958), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,<ref name=":5" /> her childhood playmate and her friend [[Ruma Guha Thakurta]]'s ex-husband.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=189|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=125}} Following a two-year-long courtship, Madhubala married Kishore in court on 16 October 1960.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=189|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2p=102}}{{efn|Biographer Kanana Jhingana cites the marriage date as 16 November 1960.{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=30}} According to Piyush Roy and Mohan Deep, Kishore, a Hindu, had converted to [[Islam]] and changed his name to "Karim Abdul" to marry Madhubala.{{sfnm|1a1=Roy|1y=2019|1p=212|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2p=99}} However, in Akbar's book, [[Leena Chandavarkar]] (Kishore's fourth wife) denied these claims,{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=189}} and so did Madhur Bhushan, in a 2022 interview.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2022 |title='Where is Madhubala's Bharat Ratna or any other recognition?' asks the evergreen star's sister Madhur Bhushan — #BigInterview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/we-want-to-celebrate-madhubalas-life-we-dont-want-to-hurt-anyones-sentiments-reveals-sister-madhur-bhushan-biginterview/articleshow/92628250.cms|access-date=4 July 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>}} The union was kept from the industry and was not announced until the newlyweds held a reception some days later. Moreover, the couple were considered mismatch due to their contrasting personalities.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=30|2a1=Roy|2y=2019|2p=152|3a1=Akbar|3y=1997|3p=185}} | On the sets of ''Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi'' (1958), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,<ref name=":5" /> her childhood playmate and her friend [[Ruma Guha Thakurta]]'s ex-husband.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=189|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=125}} Following a two-year-long courtship, Madhubala married Kishore in court on 16 October 1960.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=189|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2p=102}}{{efn|Biographer Kanana Jhingana cites the marriage date as 16 November 1960.{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=30}} According to Piyush Roy and Mohan Deep, Kishore, a Hindu, had converted to [[Islam]] and changed his name to "Karim Abdul" to marry Madhubala.{{sfnm|1a1=Roy|1y=2019|1p=212|2a1=Deep|2y=1996|2p=99}} However, in Akbar's book, [[Leena Chandavarkar]] (Kishore's fourth wife) denied these claims,{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=189}} and so did Madhur Bhushan, in a 2022 interview.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2022 |title='Where is Madhubala's Bharat Ratna or any other recognition?' asks the evergreen star's sister Madhur Bhushan — #BigInterview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/we-want-to-celebrate-madhubalas-life-we-dont-want-to-hurt-anyones-sentiments-reveals-sister-madhur-bhushan-biginterview/articleshow/92628250.cms|access-date=4 July 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>}} The union was kept from the industry and was not announced until the newlyweds held a reception some days later. Moreover, the couple were considered mismatch due to their contrasting personalities.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=30|2a1=Roy|2y=2019|2p=152|3a1=Akbar|3y=1997|3p=185}} | ||
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Soon after their marriage in 1960, Madhubala and Kishore Kumar traveled to [[London]] along with her doctor [[Rustom Jal Vakil]], combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment of Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=185}} In London, doctors refused to operate on her, fearing complications, and instead advised Madhubala to avoid any kind of stress and anxiety.{{sfnm|Akbar|1997|p=185}} She was dissuaded from having any children and given a life expectancy of two years.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=30|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=125}} | Soon after their marriage in 1960, Madhubala and Kishore Kumar traveled to [[London]] along with her doctor [[Rustom Jal Vakil]], combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment of Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=185}} In London, doctors refused to operate on her, fearing complications, and instead advised Madhubala to avoid any kind of stress and anxiety.{{sfnm|Akbar|1997|p=185}} She was dissuaded from having any children and given a life expectancy of two years.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=30|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=125}} | ||
[[File:Madhubala Kishore Kumar.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Madhubala with husband [[Kishore Kumar]] in May 1966]]Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned to Bombay and she shifted to Kishore's home{{sfn|Deep|1996|pp=100–101}} in [[Bandra]].{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=185|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=31}} Her health | [[File:Madhubala Kishore Kumar.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Madhubala with husband [[Kishore Kumar]] in May 1966]]Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned to Bombay and she shifted to Kishore's home{{sfn|Deep|1996|pp=100–101}} in [[Bandra]].{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=185|2a1=Jhingana|2y=2010|2p=31}} Her health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with her husband.{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=31}} Ashok Kumar (Kishore's elder brother) recalled that her sickness turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent most of her time in her father's house.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Arpita |date=4 August 2018 |title=Kishore Kumar's 89th birth anniversary: Few unknown facts about the legendary singer |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-kishore-kumars-89th-birth-anniversary-few-unknown-facts-about-the-legendary-singer-456349 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref> To escape the bitterness of her in-laws due to religious differences, Madhubala later moved into Kishore's newly bought flat at Quarter Deck in Bandra.<ref name="sick" />{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=31}} However, Kishore stayed in the flat only for a short period and then left her alone with a nurse and a driver.<ref name="sick" /> Although he was bearing all her medical expenses, Madhubala felt abandoned and returned to her own house in less than two months of her marriage.{{sfnm|1a1=Jhingana|1y=2010|1p=31|2a1=Roy|2y=2019|2p=212}} For the rest of her life, he visited her occasionally,{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|pp=31–34}} which Madhubala's sister Madhur Bhushan thought was possibly to "detach himself from her so that the final separation wouldn't hurt."<ref name="sick">{{Cite web |title=Madhubala's sister, Madhur Bhushan, reveals the most shocking details about the late actor's life |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/madhubalas-sister-madhur-bhushan-reveals-the-most-shocking-details-about-the-late-actors-life-25267.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2021 |publisher=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref> | ||
In late June 1966,{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=16}} Madhubala seemed to have partly recovered and decided to return to film again with J. K. Nanda's ''Chalaak'', opposite Raj Kapoor, which was unfinished since she left the industry.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=104}} Her comeback was welcomed by the media, but Madhubala immediately fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus never completed.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=92, 104}} She was subsequently hospitalized in the [[Breach Candy Hospital]], where she met her former boyfriend Dilip Kumar and returned home after being discharged.<ref name="sick2" /> To alleviate her [[insomnia]], Madhubala used [[hypnotic]] on Ashok's suggestion, but it further exacerbated her problems.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=101}} | In late June 1966,{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=16}} Madhubala seemed to have partly recovered and decided to return to film again with J. K. Nanda's ''Chalaak'', opposite Raj Kapoor, which was unfinished since she left the industry.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=104}} Her comeback was welcomed by the media, but Madhubala immediately fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus never completed.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=92, 104}} She was subsequently hospitalized in the [[Breach Candy Hospital]], where she met her former boyfriend Dilip Kumar and returned home after being discharged.<ref name="sick2" /> To alleviate her [[insomnia]], Madhubala used [[hypnotic]] on Ashok's suggestion, but it further exacerbated her problems.{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=101}} | ||
Madhubala spent her final years bedridden and lost a lot of weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she regularly watched her films (particularly ''Mughal-e-Azam'') on a [[Projector|home projector]].<ref name="sick2" /> She grew very reclusive, meeting only [[Geeta Dutt]] and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry in those days.<ref>{{Cite | Madhubala spent her final years bedridden and lost a lot of weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she regularly watched her films (particularly ''Mughal-e-Azam'') on a [[Projector|home projector]].<ref name="sick2" /> She grew very reclusive, meeting only [[Geeta Dutt]] and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry in those days.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madhur Bhushan: I won't give up on my dream of making a biopic on Madhubala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/madhur-bhushan-i-wont-give-up-on-my-dream-of-making-a-biopic-on-madhubala/articleshow/74441663.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha }}</ref> She had to undergo [[exchange transfusion]] almost every week.<ref name="sick2" />{{sfn|Deep|1996|p=106}} Her body began producing excess blood that would spill out of her nose and mouth;{{sfn|Jhingana|2010|p=32}} Vakil had to thus extract the blood to prevent complications, and an oxygen cylinder had to kept by her side as she often suffered from [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]].<ref name="sick" /><ref name="sick2">{{Cite web |title=Madhubala was sad when Dilip Kumar got married |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/madhubala-was-sad-when-dilip-kumar-got-married--madhur-bhushan-3309.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2021 |publisher=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref> After the ''Chalaak'' incident, Madhubala turned her attention to film direction and began preparing for her directorial debut, titled ''Farz aur Ishq'', in February 1969.<ref name="mrandmrs55.com"/> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
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Madhubala was one of the most celebrated film stars in India from the late 1940s to early 1960s.<ref name="top" /><ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Madhubala {{!}} Biography, Films, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Madhubala |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> In 1951, [[James Burke (actor)|James Burke]] photographed her for a feature in the American magazine ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', which described her as the biggest star in the Indian film industry at that time.{{sfn|Roy|2019|p=149}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madhubala: Google pays tribute to Madhubala on 86th birth anniversary with doodle |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/google-pays-tribute-to-madhubala-on-86th-birth-anniversary-with-doodle/articleshow/67986137.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> Her fame reached beyond India as well: director [[Frank Capra]] offered her a break in Hollywood (which her father declined)<ref name="britannica" /> and in August 1952, [[David Cort]] of ''[[Theatre Arts Magazine]]'' wrote of her as "the biggest star in the world{{mdash}}and she's not in the [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverley Hills]]."{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=75|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=119}}<ref name="story of india" /> Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan base equal to the combined population of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and also reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia and East Africa.<ref name="theatre arts" /> Along with [[Nargis]], she also had large fan following in Greece.<ref name="greece">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2018 |title=When Greece fell in love with Madhubala |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhubala-5063241/ |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | Madhubala was one of the most celebrated film stars in India from the late 1940s to early 1960s.<ref name="top" /><ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Madhubala {{!}} Biography, Films, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Madhubala |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> In 1951, [[James Burke (actor)|James Burke]] photographed her for a feature in the American magazine ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', which described her as the biggest star in the Indian film industry at that time.{{sfn|Roy|2019|p=149}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madhubala: Google pays tribute to Madhubala on 86th birth anniversary with doodle |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/google-pays-tribute-to-madhubala-on-86th-birth-anniversary-with-doodle/articleshow/67986137.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> Her fame reached beyond India as well: director [[Frank Capra]] offered her a break in Hollywood (which her father declined)<ref name="britannica" /> and in August 1952, [[David Cort]] of ''[[Theatre Arts Magazine]]'' wrote of her as "the biggest star in the world{{mdash}}and she's not in the [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverley Hills]]."{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=75|2a1=Lanba|2a2=Patel|2y=2012|2p=119}}<ref name="story of india" /> Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan base equal to the combined population of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and also reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia and East Africa.<ref name="theatre arts" /> Along with [[Nargis]], she also had large fan following in Greece.<ref name="greece">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2018 |title=When Greece fell in love with Madhubala |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhubala-5063241/ |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the only star for whom people thronged outside the gates."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=78}} Her fame was acknowledged by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine also, which went on to call her a "cash and curry star" in its January 1959 issue.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=5 January 1959 |title=MOVIES ABROAD: The New Maharajahs |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,810822,00.html |access-date=20 November 2021 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Govil |first=Nitin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvzPBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |title=Orienting Hollywood: A Century of Film Culture Between Los Angeles and Bombay |date=27 March 2015 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-8934-6 |language=en}}</ref> In films, she was often billed before the leading man, and web portal [[Rediff.com]] mentioned her as a more powerful celebrity than her male contemporaries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title=Why is Indian Actress Madhubala still Relevant? |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/why-is-indian-actress-madhubala-still-relevant |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=DESIblitz |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16" /> For ''Mahal'' (1949), her first film under a major production company, Madhubala was paid a sum of {{INR}}7 | Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the only star for whom people thronged outside the gates."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=78}} Her fame was acknowledged by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine also, which went on to call her a "cash and curry star" in its January 1959 issue.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=5 January 1959 |title=MOVIES ABROAD: The New Maharajahs |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,810822,00.html |access-date=20 November 2021 |issn=0040-781X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Govil |first=Nitin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvzPBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |title=Orienting Hollywood: A Century of Film Culture Between Los Angeles and Bombay |date=27 March 2015 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-8934-6 |language=en}}</ref> In films, she was often billed before the leading man, and web portal [[Rediff.com]] mentioned her as a more powerful celebrity than her male contemporaries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title=Why is Indian Actress Madhubala still Relevant? |url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/why-is-indian-actress-madhubala-still-relevant |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=DESIblitz |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16" /> For ''Mahal'' (1949), her first film under a major production company, Madhubala was paid a sum of {{INR}}7,000.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=116}} The film's success established her career as a leading lady,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Memon |first1=Ayaz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_1tAAAAMAAJ |title=India 50: The Making of a Nation |last2=Banerji |first2=Ranjona |date=1997 |publisher=Ayaz Memon and Book Quest Publishers |isbn=978-81-86025-06-2 |language=en}}</ref> and she subsequently became one of the highest-paid Indian stars of the upcoming decade.<ref name=":9" />{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1p=70|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=76|3a1=Bhatia|3y=1952|3p=142|4a1=Jhingana|4y=2010|4p=26}} In 1951, filmmaker and editor [[Arabinda Mukhopadhyay|Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay]] reported that Madhubala charges {{INR}}1.5 lakh per film.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gooptu |first=Sharmistha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWEuEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT166 |title=Bengali Cinema: An Other Nation |date=31 May 2018 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-937049-5-0 |language=en}}</ref> She received an unprecedented amount of {{INR}}3 lakh for her decade-long work in ''Mughal-e-Azam'' (1960).{{sfn|Deep|1996|pp=65–67}} Madhubala was placed seven times on [[Box Office India]]'s list of top actresses from 1949 to 1951, and from 1958 to 1961.<ref name="top" /> | ||
[[File:Madhubala1951.jpg|thumb|180px|Madhubala in 1951; her smile has been described by the media as one of the most distinctive features of her face.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Bollywood's 20 Amazing Smiles |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/bollywoods-20-amazing-smiles/20190603.htm |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref>]] | [[File:Madhubala1951.jpg|thumb|180px|Madhubala in 1951; her smile has been described by the media as one of the most distinctive features of her face.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Bollywood's 20 Amazing Smiles |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/bollywoods-20-amazing-smiles/20190603.htm |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref>]] | ||
Madhubala's beauty and physical attractiveness were widely acknowledged, and led the media to refer to her as "The [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]]" and "The Beauty with Tragedy".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhubala Birth Anniversary: A Look at Some of Lesser Known Facts of the Bollywood Diva's Life |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/madhubala-birth-anniversary-a-look-at-some-of-lesser-known-facts-of-the-bollywood-divas-life-2500697.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=News 18 |date=14 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In 1951, Clare Mendonca of ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' called her "the number one beauty of the Indian screen".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mendonca |first=Clare |date=24 June 1951 |title=Mehboob's Colour Film: 'Aan' |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12088/page/n410/mode/2up? |journal=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |volume=72 |pages=42 |via=Archive.org}}</ref> Several of her co-workers cited her as the most beautiful woman they ever saw.<ref name="justice">{{Cite web |title='No photos did justice to Madhubala's beauty' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-excerpts-from-madhubala-biography/20110531.htm |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Nirupa Roy]] said that "there never was and never will be anyone with her looks" while [[Nimmi]] (co-star in the 1954 film ''Amar'') admitted passing a sleepless night after her first meeting with Madhubala.<ref name="justice" /> In 2011, [[Shammi Kapoor]] confessed to falling in love with her during the shoot of the 1953 film ''Rail Ka Dibba'': "Even today ... I can swear that I have never seen a more beautiful woman. Add to that her sharp intellect, maturity, poise and sensitivity ... When I think of her even now, after six decades, my heart misses a beat. My God, what beauty, what presence."<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2016 |title=The rock 'n' roll Romeo |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/The-rock-%E2%80%99n%E2%80%99-roll-Romeo/article15616929.ece |access-date=24 July 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Due to her perceived appeal, Madhubala became one of the brand ambassadors of beauty products by [[Lux (soap)|Lux]] and [[Godrej Group|Godrej]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=1 February 2015 |title=The soap opera continues |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-soap-opera-continues/article6845302.ece |access-date=1 October 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2021 |title=Beauty x Bollywood: How Indian stars are supporting and promoting beauty brands |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/beauty-grooming/makeup/bollywood-stars-indian-beauty-brands-collaborations-bhumi-pednekar-taapsee-pannu/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=Lifestyle Asia India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandna |first=Himani |date=28 April 2019 |title=Godrej Vatni was India's foremost Swadeshi soap, and it didn't remind you of Partition |url=https://theprint.in/features/brandma/godrej-vatni-was-indias-foremost-swadeshi-soap-and-it-didnt-remind-you-of-partition/228216/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The Print |language=en-US}}</ref> However, she stated that happiness matters more to her than physical beauty.<ref name="story of india">{{Cite web |last=Sirur |first=Simrin |date=23 February 2019 |title=Remembering Madhubala, film screen legend who was 'story of India' and wanted 'to live' |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/remembering-madhubala-film-screen-legend-who-was-story-of-india-and-wanted-to-live/195495/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=[[The Print]] |language=en-US}}</ref> | Madhubala's beauty and physical attractiveness were widely acknowledged, and led the media to refer to her as "The [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]]" and "The Beauty with Tragedy".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhubala Birth Anniversary: A Look at Some of Lesser Known Facts of the Bollywood Diva's Life |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/madhubala-birth-anniversary-a-look-at-some-of-lesser-known-facts-of-the-bollywood-divas-life-2500697.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=News 18 |date=14 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In 1951, Clare Mendonca of ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' called her "the number one beauty of the Indian screen".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mendonca |first=Clare |date=24 June 1951 |title=Mehboob's Colour Film: 'Aan' |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12088/page/n410/mode/2up? |journal=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |volume=72 |pages=42 |via=Archive.org}}</ref> Several of her co-workers cited her as the most beautiful woman they ever saw.<ref name="justice">{{Cite web |title='No photos did justice to Madhubala's beauty' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-excerpts-from-madhubala-biography/20110531.htm |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Nirupa Roy]] said that "there never was and never will be anyone with her looks" while [[Nimmi]] (co-star in the 1954 film ''Amar'') admitted passing a sleepless night after her first meeting with Madhubala.<ref name="justice" /> In 2011, [[Shammi Kapoor]] confessed to falling in love with her during the shoot of the 1953 film ''Rail Ka Dibba'': "Even today ... I can swear that I have never seen a more beautiful woman. Add to that her sharp intellect, maturity, poise and sensitivity ... When I think of her even now, after six decades, my heart misses a beat. My God, what beauty, what presence."<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2016 |title=The rock 'n' roll Romeo |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/entertainment/The-rock-%E2%80%99n%E2%80%99-roll-Romeo/article15616929.ece |access-date=24 July 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Due to her perceived appeal, Madhubala became one of the brand ambassadors of beauty products by [[Lux (soap)|Lux]] and [[Godrej Group|Godrej]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=1 February 2015 |title=The soap opera continues |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-soap-opera-continues/article6845302.ece |access-date=1 October 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2021 |title=Beauty x Bollywood: How Indian stars are supporting and promoting beauty brands |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/beauty-grooming/makeup/bollywood-stars-indian-beauty-brands-collaborations-bhumi-pednekar-taapsee-pannu/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=Lifestyle Asia India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandna |first=Himani |date=28 April 2019 |title=Godrej Vatni was India's foremost Swadeshi soap, and it didn't remind you of Partition |url=https://theprint.in/features/brandma/godrej-vatni-was-indias-foremost-swadeshi-soap-and-it-didnt-remind-you-of-partition/228216/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The Print |language=en-US}}</ref> However, she stated that happiness matters more to her than physical beauty.<ref name="story of india">{{Cite web |last=Sirur |first=Simrin |date=23 February 2019 |title=Remembering Madhubala, film screen legend who was 'story of India' and wanted 'to live' |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/remembering-madhubala-film-screen-legend-who-was-story-of-india-and-wanted-to-live/195495/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=[[The Print]] |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
From the beginning of her career, Madhubala gained a reputation for avoiding parties and refusing interviews, leading her to be labeled recluse and arrogant.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=69–76|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=78}} On an unusual instance in 1958, her father even wrote an apology letter to then-Prime Minister of India, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], for disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.<ref name="valentine"/> Having been a part of the film industry since childhood, Madhubala saw the social scene as superficial and expressed her despise of "the kind of functions where only the current favourites are invited and where a decade or two hence I would not be invited."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=70}} In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen at the premieres of only two films{{mdash}}''Bahut Din Huwe'' (1954) and ''[[Insaniyat (1955 film)|Insaniyat]]'' (1955){{mdash}}both for personal reasons.{{sfnm|1a1=Lanba|1a2=Patel|1y=2012|1p=122 for attending ''Insaniyat'' 's premier|2a1=Akbar|2y=1997|2p=72|3a1=Roy|3y=2019|3pp=150–151}}{{efn|Madhubala was escorted by her then-boyfriend Dilip Kumar at the premiere of ''Insaniyat''.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=122}} Besides that, she had also attended the special screening of ''[[Gateway of India (1957 film)|Gateway of India]]'' in 1957, held by director [[Om Prakash]], along with actress [[Meena Kumari]] and director Kamal Amrohi.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=102}}}} Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",<ref name="my life">{{Cite book |last1=Editors |first1=G. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZgEDAAAQBAJ |title=My Life : Madhubala |last2=Press |first2=General |date=2 July 2014 |publisher=GENERAL PRESS |isbn=978-93-80914-96-1 |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as an inarticulate and pitiful person.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ashokamitran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCCaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT34 |title=Fourteen Years with Boss |date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-85890-84-0 |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref> Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's closest associates, however, differed and stated that her friend "was none of these."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=30}} [[Nadira (actress)|Nadira]] added that Madhubala "had not a strain of pettiness, of anything small. That girl did not know anything about hate,"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khatija Akbar on Madhubala's tragic affair with Dilip Kumar |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/apr/04madhu1.htm |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very independent in her thinking and particular about her way of life and her position in the film industry."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=64}} | From the beginning of her career, Madhubala gained a reputation for avoiding parties and refusing interviews, leading her to be labeled recluse and arrogant.{{sfnm|1a1=Akbar|1y=1997|1pp=69–76|2a1=Booch|2y=1962|2p=78}} On an unusual instance in 1958, her father even wrote an apology letter to then-Prime Minister of India, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], for disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.<ref name="valentine"/> Having been a part of the film industry since childhood, Madhubala saw the social scene as superficial and expressed her despise of "the kind of functions where only the current favourites are invited and where a decade or two hence I would not be invited."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=70}} In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen at the premieres of only two films{{mdash}}''Bahut Din Huwe'' (1954) and ''[[Insaniyat (1955 film)|Insaniyat]]'' (1955){{mdash}}both for personal reasons.{{sfnm|1a1=Lanba|1a2=Patel|1y=2012|1p=122 for attending ''Insaniyat''{{'s}} premier|2a1=Akbar|2y=1997|2p=72|3a1=Roy|3y=2019|3pp=150–151}}{{efn|Madhubala was escorted by her then-boyfriend Dilip Kumar at the premiere of ''Insaniyat''.{{sfn|Lanba|Patel|2012|p=122}} Besides that, she had also attended the special screening of ''[[Gateway of India (1957 film)|Gateway of India]]'' in 1957, held by director [[Om Prakash]], along with actress [[Meena Kumari]] and director Kamal Amrohi.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=102}}}} Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",<ref name="my life">{{Cite book |last1=Editors |first1=G. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZgEDAAAQBAJ |title=My Life : Madhubala |last2=Press |first2=General |date=2 July 2014 |publisher=GENERAL PRESS |isbn=978-93-80914-96-1 |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as an inarticulate and pitiful person.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ashokamitran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCCaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT34 |title=Fourteen Years with Boss |date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-85890-84-0 |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref> Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's closest associates, however, differed and stated that her friend "was none of these."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|page=30}} [[Nadira (actress)|Nadira]] added that Madhubala "had not a strain of pettiness, of anything small. That girl did not know anything about hate,"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khatija Akbar on Madhubala's tragic affair with Dilip Kumar |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/apr/04madhu1.htm |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very independent in her thinking and particular about her way of life and her position in the film industry."{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=64}} | ||
Madhubala's refusal to grant interviews or to interact with the press drew in extreme reactions from its members.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=84}} By early 1950, Khan had begun asserting in her film contracts that no journalists would be allowed to meet her without his permission.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=84}}{{efn|According to Madhubala's youngest sister, Madhur Bhushan, the contemporary media reports that documented Madhubala's early life presented Khan in a negative light for letting his teenager daughter to work instead of himself, which led to him banning a majority of journalists from interviewing or even meeting Madhubala.<ref name="outlook">{{Cite web |title=Madhubala's Younger Sister Madhur Brij Bhushan: She Was A Courageous Girl Who Never Gave Up On Life |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-madhubalas-younger-sister-madhur-brij-bhushan-she-was-a-courageous-girl-who-never-gave-up-on-life/347274 |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=Outlook}}</ref>}} When shortly after Madhubala declined to entertain a set of visiting journalists on set, they started vilifying her and her family and further placed a bounty to behead and kill her.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=81–82}} For self-protection, Madhubala was given the permission to carry a revolver and move around under armed protection by the [[State governments of India|state government]], until Khan and other journalists ultimately made a settlement.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=84}} Her relationship with the press remained bitter, nevertheless, and she was regularly pointed out by it for her religious beliefs and perceived arrogance.<ref name="theatre arts">{{cite news |last1=Cort |first1=David |author-link1=David Cort |date=4 August 1952 |title=The Biggest Star in the World{{mdash}}and she's not in the Beverley Hills |language=en-US |pages=23–26 |work=[[Theatre Arts Magazine]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40FNAAAAYAAJ |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>{{sfn|Booch|1962|p=78}} Another major controversy she faced during her career was the ''Naya Daur'' civil war fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions in his memoir as "the most sensational court case ever to be fought in the annals of Indian cinema."{{sfn|Reuben|1993|p=165}} | Madhubala's refusal to grant interviews or to interact with the press drew in extreme reactions from its members.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=84}} By early 1950, Khan had begun asserting in her film contracts that no journalists would be allowed to meet her without his permission.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=84}}{{efn|According to Madhubala's youngest sister, Madhur Bhushan, the contemporary media reports that documented Madhubala's early life presented Khan in a negative light for letting his teenager daughter to work instead of himself, which led to him banning a majority of journalists from interviewing or even meeting Madhubala.<ref name="outlook">{{Cite web |title=Madhubala's Younger Sister Madhur Brij Bhushan: She Was A Courageous Girl Who Never Gave Up On Life |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-madhubalas-younger-sister-madhur-brij-bhushan-she-was-a-courageous-girl-who-never-gave-up-on-life/347274 |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=Outlook}}</ref>}} When shortly after Madhubala declined to entertain a set of visiting journalists on set, they started vilifying her and her family and further placed a bounty to behead and kill her.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|pp=81–82}} For self-protection, Madhubala was given the permission to carry a revolver and move around under armed protection by the [[State governments of India|state government]], until Khan and other journalists ultimately made a settlement.{{sfn|Akbar|1997|p=84}} Her relationship with the press remained bitter, nevertheless, and she was regularly pointed out by it for her religious beliefs and perceived arrogance.<ref name="theatre arts">{{cite news |last1=Cort |first1=David |author-link1=David Cort |date=4 August 1952 |title=The Biggest Star in the World{{mdash}}and she's not in the Beverley Hills |language=en-US |pages=23–26 |work=[[Theatre Arts Magazine]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40FNAAAAYAAJ |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>{{sfn|Booch|1962|p=78}} Another major controversy she faced during her career was the ''Naya Daur'' civil war fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions in his memoir as "the most sensational court case ever to be fought in the annals of Indian cinema."{{sfn|Reuben|1993|p=165}} | ||
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===Tributes and honours=== | ===Tributes and honours=== | ||
* ''Mandoubala'', a Greek song dedicated to Madhubala, was performed at the closing ceremony of the 2004 Athens Olympics <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Uthathya |date=11 March 2022 |title=Madhubala at Athens 2004: Greece's love letter to India's Marilyn Monroe |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/madhubala-song-greece-athens-2004-olympics-closing-ceremony-india-bollywood |url-status=live |access-date=3 May 2022 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref> | * ''Mandoubala'', a Greek song dedicated to Madhubala, was performed at the closing ceremony of the 2004 Athens Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Uthathya |date=11 March 2022 |title=Madhubala at Athens 2004: Greece's love letter to India's Marilyn Monroe |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/madhubala-song-greece-athens-2004-olympics-closing-ceremony-india-bollywood |url-status=live |access-date=3 May 2022 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref> | ||
* Digitally-colorized versions of two of Madhubala's films{{mdash}}''Mughal-e-Azam'' (in 2004) and ''Half Ticket'' (in 2012){{mdash}}have been released theatrically.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2004 |first=Sandeep |last=Unnithan |title=Epic movie Mughale-Azam returns in colour cinemascope, digital sound |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20040719-epic-movie-mughale-azam-returns-in-colour-digital-sound-789831-2004-07-19 |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2013 |title='Chori Chori', 'Half Ticket' – black and white classics now in colour |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chori-chori-half-ticket-black-and-white-classics-now-in-colour-113052900880_1.html |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | * Digitally-colorized versions of two of Madhubala's films{{mdash}}''Mughal-e-Azam'' (in 2004) and ''Half Ticket'' (in 2012){{mdash}}have been released theatrically.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2004 |first=Sandeep |last=Unnithan |title=Epic movie Mughale-Azam returns in colour cinemascope, digital sound |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20040719-epic-movie-mughale-azam-returns-in-colour-digital-sound-789831-2004-07-19 |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2013 |title='Chori Chori', 'Half Ticket' – black and white classics now in colour |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chori-chori-half-ticket-black-and-white-classics-now-in-colour-113052900880_1.html |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Madhubala 2008 stamp of India.jpg|180px|thumb|Madhubala on a commemorative stamp issued by [[India Post]] in 2008]] | [[File:Madhubala 2008 stamp of India.jpg|180px|thumb|Madhubala on a commemorative stamp issued by [[India Post]] in 2008]] | ||
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Madhubala has served as the inspiration behind the characters of actresses [[Soha Ali Khan]], [[Kangana Ranaut]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] in ''[[Khoya Khoya Chand]]'' (2007),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Madhubala the Marilyn Monroe of Indian cinema? |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/is-madhubala-the-marilyn-monroe-of-indian-cinema-625810.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]] |date=14 February 2013}}</ref> ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite news |title='My character is a mix of Madhubala and Haji Mastan's wife' |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/my-character-is-a-mix-of-madhubala-and-haji-mastan-s-wife/article1-560917.aspx |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320113034/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/my-character-is-a-mix-of-madhubala-and-haji-mastan-s-wife/article1-560917.aspx |archive-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015),<ref name="Deepika">{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=1 October 2015 |title=Deepika Padukone, modern-day Madhubala? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/deepika-padukone-modern-day-madhubala/20151001.htm |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> respectively. | Madhubala has served as the inspiration behind the characters of actresses [[Soha Ali Khan]], [[Kangana Ranaut]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] in ''[[Khoya Khoya Chand]]'' (2007),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Madhubala the Marilyn Monroe of Indian cinema? |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/is-madhubala-the-marilyn-monroe-of-indian-cinema-625810.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]] |date=14 February 2013}}</ref> ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' (2010),<ref>{{cite news |title='My character is a mix of Madhubala and Haji Mastan's wife' |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/my-character-is-a-mix-of-madhubala-and-haji-mastan-s-wife/article1-560917.aspx |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320113034/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/my-character-is-a-mix-of-madhubala-and-haji-mastan-s-wife/article1-560917.aspx |archive-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' (2015),<ref name="Deepika">{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=1 October 2015 |title=Deepika Padukone, modern-day Madhubala? |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/deepika-padukone-modern-day-madhubala/20151001.htm |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref> respectively. | ||
In July 2018, Madhubala's sister Madhur Bhushan, announced that she was planning to make a biopic on her sister.<ref name="Biopic">{{cite web |title=Madhubala's Sister To Make A Biopic on Actress. Details Here |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=8 July 2018 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhubalas-sister-to-make-a-biopic-on-actress-details-here-1880148 |access-date=10 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709083727/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhubalas-sister-to-make-a-biopic-on-actress-details-here-1880148 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bhushan wants [[Kareena Kapoor]] to play Madhubala, but as of 2018, the project remains in its initial stages.<ref name="Biopic" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2017 |title=Madhubala's sister Madhur Brij says she wants Kareena Kapoor Khan to play the late actor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhubala-sister-madhur-brij-kareena-late-actor-in-biopic-4792172/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In November 2019, filmmaker [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] was considering a biopic of Madhubala, but later dropped the idea after her family denied permission.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=''Love Aaj Kal'' director Imtiaz Ali is no longer making the much-awaited Madhubala biopic? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/love-aaj-kal-director-imtiaz-ali-is-no-longer-making-the-much-awaited-madhubala-biopic/articleshow/74129452.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Actresses including [[Kriti Sanon]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kriti Sanon wants to play the lead in biopics on Madhubala and Meena Kumari |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kriti-sanon-wants-to-play-the-lead-in-biopics-on-madhubala-and-meena-kumari-50482.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref> [[Kangana Ranaut]],<ref>{{Cite | In July 2018, Madhubala's sister Madhur Bhushan, announced that she was planning to make a biopic on her sister.<ref name="Biopic">{{cite web |title=Madhubala's Sister To Make A Biopic on Actress. Details Here |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=8 July 2018 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhubalas-sister-to-make-a-biopic-on-actress-details-here-1880148 |access-date=10 July 2018 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709083727/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhubalas-sister-to-make-a-biopic-on-actress-details-here-1880148 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bhushan wants [[Kareena Kapoor]] to play Madhubala, but as of 2018, the project remains in its initial stages.<ref name="Biopic" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2017 |title=Madhubala's sister Madhur Brij says she wants Kareena Kapoor Khan to play the late actor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhubala-sister-madhur-brij-kareena-late-actor-in-biopic-4792172/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In November 2019, filmmaker [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] was considering a biopic of Madhubala, but later dropped the idea after her family denied permission.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=''Love Aaj Kal'' director Imtiaz Ali is no longer making the much-awaited Madhubala biopic? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/love-aaj-kal-director-imtiaz-ali-is-no-longer-making-the-much-awaited-madhubala-biopic/articleshow/74129452.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Actresses including [[Kriti Sanon]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kriti Sanon wants to play the lead in biopics on Madhubala and Meena Kumari |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kriti-sanon-wants-to-play-the-lead-in-biopics-on-madhubala-and-meena-kumari-50482.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref> [[Kangana Ranaut]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kangana Ranaut wants to play Madhubala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kangana-ranaut-wants-to-play-madhubala/articleshow/74890408.cms |url-status=live |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Kiara Advani]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Kiara Advani Wants to Do a Madhubala Biopic |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kiara-advani-wants-to-do-a-madhubala-biopic-3857435.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=News 18 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Janhvi Kapoor]],<ref name="Janhvi Kapoor as Madhubala">{{cite web |title=Janhvi Kapoor would love to play Meena Kumari or Madhubala |website=The Indian Express |date=14 July 2018 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-meena-kumari-madhubala-dhadak-ishaan-khatter-5258968/ |access-date=14 July 2018 |archive-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714053819/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-meena-kumari-madhubala-dhadak-ishaan-khatter-5258968/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Yami Gautam]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Yami Gautam wants to play Madhubala: 'She remains an icon' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/playing-madhubala-warrior-princess-among-roles-on-yami-gautams-wish-list-8434305/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> have expressed their wish to play Madhubala in a biopic. | ||
===Popular culture references=== | ===Popular culture references=== | ||
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*Madhubala's Anarkali look has inspired Madhuri Dixit in ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]'' (2001) and [[Mallika Sherawat]] in ''[[Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bose |first=Nandana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpiMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90 |title=Madhuri Dixit |date=4 April 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-911239-16-1 |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupshup |first=Gullu |title=Mallika to do a Mughal-e-Azam |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/look/20080102.htm |access-date=14 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref> | *Madhubala's Anarkali look has inspired Madhuri Dixit in ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]'' (2001) and [[Mallika Sherawat]] in ''[[Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bose |first=Nandana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpiMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90 |title=Madhuri Dixit |date=4 April 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-911239-16-1 |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupshup |first=Gullu |title=Mallika to do a Mughal-e-Azam |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/look/20080102.htm |access-date=14 November 2021 |work=Rediff.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[Priyanka Chopra]] parodied Madhubala, Meena Kumari and Nargis in the 2007 film ''[[Salaam-e-Ishq]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salaam-E-Ishq: Stars shine in mediocre film |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/26salaam.htm |author=Verma, Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=28 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005091022/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/26salaam.htm |archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> | *[[Priyanka Chopra]] parodied Madhubala, Meena Kumari and Nargis in the 2007 film ''[[Salaam-e-Ishq]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Salaam-E-Ishq: Stars shine in mediocre film |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/26salaam.htm |author=Verma, Sukanya |work=Rediff.com |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=28 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005091022/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/26salaam.htm |archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref> | ||
*In 2017, actress [[Mouni Roy]] dressed herself as Madhubala's Anarkali for a dance performance.<ref>{{Cite | *In 2017, actress [[Mouni Roy]] dressed herself as Madhubala's Anarkali for a dance performance.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mouni Roy replicates legendary star Madhubala, slays in her retro avatar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mouni-roy-replicates-legendary-star-madhubala-slays-in-her-retro-avatar/articleshow/62240916.cms |access-date=14 November 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=25 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Works and accolades== | ==Works and accolades== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{IMDb name|0534870}} | * {{IMDb name|0534870}} | ||