Indian Army: Difference between revisions

*960,000 reserve personnel<ref>{{cite book |title=The Military Balance 2017 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-85743-900-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ |language=en}}</ref><br>~[[List of active Indian military aircraft#Army Aviation Corps|296 manned aircraft]]

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| battles                      = [[First Kashmir War]],<br />[[Annexation of Goa]],<br />[[Sino-Indian War of 1962]],<br />[[Nathu La and Cho La clashes]],<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]],<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]],<br />[[Siachen conflict]],<br />[[Kargil War]],<br />[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff]],<br />[[2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff]],<br />[[2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish]],<br />[[2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]],<br />[[2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]],<br />[[2016 Indian Line of Control strike]],<br />[[2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]],<br />[[2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]],<br />[[2020–2021 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]],<br />[[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]]

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| commander3                    = {{Flagicon image|Flag COAS.svg}} [[General (India)|General]] [[Manoj Pande (general)|Manoj Pande]]  

| commander4                    = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Indian Vice Chief of Army Staff.svg}} [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[B. S. Raju]]  

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| aircraft_helicopter_attack   = [[HAL Rudra]], [[HAL Prachand]]

| aircraft_utility           =  

| start_date                    = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1950|01|26}} (''as current service'')

{{Start date and age|df=yes|1895|04|01}} (''as [[British Indian Army]]'')

=== British Indian Army ===

[[File:RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg|thumb|left|No. 4 ([[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]]) Mountain Battery with RML7 pounder "Steel Gun" Mountain Gun in Review Order. Left to right Naick, Havaldar, Subadar (Sikhs) and Gunner (Punjabi Musalman) circa 1895.]]

The British Indian Army was a critical force for maintaining the primacy of the [[British Empire]], both in India and throughout the world. Besides maintaining the internal security of the [[British Raj]], the Army fought in many other theatres: the [[Anglo-Burmese Wars]]; the [[First Anglo-Sikh War|First]] and [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|Second]] Anglo-Sikh wars; the [[First Anglo-Afghan War|First]], [[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Second]], and [[Third Anglo-Afghan War|Third]] Anglo-Afghan wars; the [[First Opium War|First]] and [[Second Opium War|Second]] opium wars, and the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China; and in [[Abyssinia (battle honour)|Abyssinia]].

[[File:SikhsInFrancePostcard.jpg|right|thumb|French postcard depicting the arrival of 15th [[Sikh Regiment]] in [[French Third Republic|France]] during [[World War I]]. The postcard reads, "Gentlemen of India marching to chasten the German hooligans."]]

The Kitchener Reforms brought the British Army to a new century.<ref>{{cite thesis |first=John |last=Lydgate |title=Quezon, Kitchener and the Problem of Indian Army Administration, 1899–1909 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28542/1/10672701.pdf |work=SOAS Research Online |publisher=University of London |degree=PhD |date=June 1965 |access-date=4 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615134159/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28542/1/10672701.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> In the 20th century, the British Indian Army was a crucial adjunct to British forces in both [[world wars]]. 1.3 million Indian soldiers served in [[World War I]] (1914–1918) with the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], in which 74,187 Indian troops were killed or missing in action.<ref name="Urlanis">{{cite book |title=Wars and Population |last=Urlanis |first=Boris |year=1971 |location=Moscow |page=85 }}</ref> In 1915 there was a [[1915 Singapore Mutiny|mutiny]] by Indian soldiers in Singapore. The United Kingdom made promises of self-governance to the [[Indian National Congress]] in return for its support but reneged on them after the war, following which the [[Indian independence movement#First World War|Indian Independence movement]] gained strength.

The "[[Indianisation (British India)|Indianisation]]" of the British Indian Army began with the formation of the [[Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College]] at Dehradun, in March 1912, to provide education to the scions of aristocratic and well-to-do Indian families and to prepare selected Indian boys for admission into the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]. Cadets were given a King's commission, after passing out, and were posted to one of the [[Eight Unit Scheme of Indianisation|eight units]] selected for Indianisation. Because of the slow pace of Indianisation, with just 69 officers being commissioned between 1918 and 1932, political pressure was applied, leading to the formation of the [[Indian Military Academy]] in 1932 and greater numbers of officers of Indian origin being commissioned.<ref>{{cite book |title=Thimayya: an amazing life |last=Khanduri |first=Chandra B. |year=2006 |publisher=Knowledge World |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-87966-36-4 |page=394 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWXfAAAAMAAJ |access-date=30 July 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWXfAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=6 January 2016 }}</ref> On the eve of World War II, the officer corps consisted of roughly 500 Indians holding regular commissions against approximately 3,000 British officers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nationalisation of Officer Ranks of the Indian Army|date=7 February 1947|url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-02-07_053.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref>

In the [[Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II|African and Middle East campaigns]], captured Indian troops were given a choice to join the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]], to eventually "liberate" India from Great Britain, instead of being sent to [[POW camp]]s. These men, along with Indian students who were in [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] when the war broke out, made up what was called the [[Free India Legion]]. They were originally intended as pathfinders for German forces in Asia but were soon sent to help guard the [[Atlantic Wall]]. Few who were part of the Free India Legion ever saw any combat, and very few were ever stationed outside Europe. At its height, the Free India Legion had over 3,000 troops in its ranks.<ref>{{cite web |author=Martin Bamber and Aad Neeven |url=http://www.freeindianlegion.info/pag_infanterie-regement-950.php |title=The Free Indian Legion&nbsp;– Infantry Regiment 950 (Ind) |publisher=Freeindianlegion.info |date=26 August 1942 |access-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317021230/http://www.freeindianlegion.info/pag_infanterie-regement-950.php |archive-date=17 March 2012 }}</ref>

Indian POWs also joined the [[Indian National Army]], which was allied with the [[Empire of Japan]]. It was raised by a former colonel of the British Indian Army, General Mohan Singh, but was later led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and [[Rash Bihari Bose]]. With the [[Battle of Singapore|fall of Singapore]] in 1942, about 40,000 Indian soldiers were captured. When given the choice, over 30,000 joined the Indian National Army. Those who refused became POWs and were mostly shipped to New Guinea.<ref>Peter Stanley, "Great in adversity": Indian prisoners of war in New Guinea," ''Journal of the Australian War Memorial'' (October 2002) No. 37 [https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/indians.asp online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208040250/https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/indians.asp |date=8 February 2016 }}</ref> After initial success, this army was defeated, along with the Japanese; but it had a huge impact on the Indian independence movement.

Upon the [[Partition of India]] and [[Independence of India|Indian independence]] in 1947, four of the ten [[Gurkha]] regiments were transferred to the British Army. The rest of the [[British Indian Army]] was divided between the newly created nations of [[Dominion of India|India]] and [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]. The [[Punjab Boundary Force]], which had been formed to help police Punjab during the partition period, was disbanded.<ref>For the Punjab Boundary Force, see Daniel P. Marston, "The Indian Army, Partition, and the Punjab Boundary Force, 1945–47", ''War in History'' November 2009, vol. 16 no. 4 469–505</ref> Headquarters Delhi and the East Punjab Command were formed to administer the area.

[[Army Day (India)|Army Day]] is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[K. M. Cariappa]]'s taking over as the first commander-in-chief of the Indian Army from [[General]] [[Roy Bucher|Sir Francis Butcher]], the last British [[Commander-in-Chief, India|commander-in-chief]] of India, on 15 January 1949. With effect from 26 January 1950, the date India became a republic, all active-duty Indian Army officers formerly holding the King's Commission were recommissioned and confirmed in their substantive ranks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=227  |date=11 February 1950 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>

After the partition of India, [[Hyderabad State]], a princely state under the rule of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], chose to remain independent. The following stand-off between the [[Government of India]] and the Nizam ended on 12 September 1948, when India's then Deputy Prime Minister [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] ordered Indian troops to secure Hyderabad State. During five days of fighting, the Indian Army, backed by an [[Indian Air Force]] squadron of [[Hawker Tempest]] aircraft, routed the Hyderabad State forces. Five Indian Army infantry battalions and one armoured squadron were engaged in the operation. The following day, Hyderabad was proclaimed part of India. Major General [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]], who led the operation, and accepted the surrender of the Nizam's forces on 18 September 1948, was appointed the military governor of Hyderabad, to restore law and order, and served until 1949.

At the time of the ceasefire declaration, India reported casualties of about 3,000. On the other hand, it was estimated that more than 3,800 Pakistani soldiers were killed in the conflict.<ref>Sumit Ganguly. "Pakistan". In [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/intoc.html ''India: A Country Study''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401023700/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/intoc.html |date=1 April 2007 }} (James Heitzman and Robert L. Worden, editors). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (September 1995).</ref><ref name=encarta>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ganguly |first=Sumit |authorlink=Sumit Ganguly |title=Indo-Pakistan Wars |url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781531179/indo-pakistan_wars.html |date=2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508073809/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781531179/Indo-Pakistan_Wars.html |archive-date=8 May 2009 |url-status=dead |encyclopedia=[[Microsoft Encarta]] |access-date=3 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="Hagerty">{{cite book

  }}</ref> About 200–300 Pakistani tanks were either destroyed or captured by India. India lost a total of 150-190 tanks during the conflict.<ref name=pradhan /><ref>Spencer Tucker. ''Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact''. ABC-CLIO (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=N481TmqiSiUC&pg=PA172 p. 172] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=N481TmqiSiUC&pg=PA172 |date=6 January 2016 }}. {{ISBN|978-1-57607-995-9}}.</ref> The decision to return to pre-war positions, following the [[Tashkent Declaration]], caused an outcry in New Delhi. It was widely believed that India's decision to accept the ceasefire was due to political factors, not military, since it was facing considerable pressure from the United States and the United Nations to cease hostilities.<ref>Sumit Ganguly. ''Conflict unending: India-Pakistan tensions since 1947''. Columbia University Press (2002), [https://books.google.com/books?id=xn_QVYLy6ocC&pg=PA45 p. 45] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=xn_QVYLy6ocC&pg=PA45 |date=6 January 2016 }}. {{ISBN|978-0-231-12369-3}}.</ref>

The 1967 Sino-Indian skirmish, also known as the Cho La incident, was a [[military conflict]] between [[India]]n troops and members of the [[China|Chinese]] [[People's Liberation Army]] who, on 1 October 1967, invaded [[Sikkim]], which was then a protectorate of India. On 10 October, both sides clashed again. Defence minister [[Sardar Swaran Singh]] assured the Indian people that the government was taking care of developments along the border. Indian losses were 88 killed, and 163 wounded, while Chinese casualties were 300 killed and 450 wounded in [[Nathu La|Nathula]], and 40 in Chola.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSpncRn2YFYC |title=Rapprochement Across the Himalayas: Emerging India-China Relations Post Cold War Period (1947–2003) |access-date=15 November 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=pSpncRn2YFYC |archive-date=6 January 2016 |isbn=9788178352947 |last1=Mishra |first1=Keshav |year=2004 |page=40}}</ref> The Chinese Army left Sikkim after this defeat.<ref name=Hoontrakul>{{cite book |last=Hoontrakul |first=Pongsak |title=The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |year=2014 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |edition=illustrated |isbn=978-1-137-41235-5 |page=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518210733/https://books.google.com/books?id=RrKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |archive-date=18 May 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=11769 |title=50 years after Sino-Indian war |newspaper=Millennium Post |date=16 May 1975 |access-date=12 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031350/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=11769 |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Kirantis' khukris flash at Chola in 1967">{{cite news |title=Kirantis' khukris flash at Chola in 1967 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 July 2015 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/kirantis-khukris-flash-at-chola-in-1967/article1-1239765.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228201511/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/assault-rifle-excalibur-drdo-dalbir-singh-indian-army-arde/1/449238.html |archive-date=28 February 2016 }}</ref>

Under Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], during the [[president's rule]] in 1971, the Indian Army and the [[Indian Police Service|Indian police]] launched [[Operation Steeplechase]], a gigantic "counter-insurgency" operation against the [[Naxalites]], which resulted in the death of hundreds of Naxalites and the imprisonment of more than 20,000 suspects and cadres, including senior leaders.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the Twenty-first Century |chapter=Part V: Military and state dimension |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtGNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA208 |page=208 |first1=Mahendra |last1=Lawoti |first2=Anup Kumar |last2=Pahari |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-135-26168-9 |quote=The second turning point came in the wake of the 1971 Bangladesh war of independence which India supported with armed troops. With large contingents of Indian Army troops amassed in the West Bengal border with what was then East Pakistan, the Government of Indira Gandhi used the opening provided by President's Rule to divert sections of the army to assist the police in decisive counter-insurgency drives across Naxal–impacted areas. "Operation Steeplechase," a police and army joint anti–Naxalite undertaking, was launched in July–August 1971. By the end of "Operation Steeplechase" over 20,000 suspected Naxalites were imprisoned and including senior leaders and cadre, and hundreds had been killed in police encounters. It was a massive counter-insurgency undertaking by any standards.}}</ref> The army was also assisted by a [[brigade]] of [[Para Commandos (India)|para commandos]] and the [[Paramilitary forces of India|Indian paramilitary]]. The operation was organised in October 1969, and Lieutenant General [[J.F.R. Jacob]] was enjoined by Govind Narain, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)#Home Secretary and other senior officials|Home Secretary]], that "there should be no publicity and no records". Jacob's request to be presented with written orders was also refused by [[Sam Manekshaw]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Hello, Bastar : The Untold Story of India's Maoist Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZ83V3JLXFMC&pg=PA23 |first=Rahul |last=Pandita |pages=23–24 |publisher=Westland (Tranquebar Press) |year=2011 |location=Chennai |isbn=978-93-80658-34-6 |oclc=754482226 |quote=Meanwhile, the Congress government led by Indira Gandhi decided to send in the army and tackle the problem militarily. A combined operation called Operation Steeplechase was launched jointly by the military, paramilitary and state police forces in West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.<br />In Kolkata, Lt General J.F.R. Jacob of the Indian Army's Eastern Command received two very important visitors in his office in October 1969. One was the army chief General Sam Manekshaw and the other was the home secretary Govind Narain. Jacob was told of the Centre's plan to send in the army to break the Naxal. More than 40 years later, Jacob would recall how he had asked for more troops, some of which he got along with a brigade of para commandos. When he asked his boss to give him something in writing, Manekshaw declined, saying, 'Nothing in writing.' while secretary Narain added that there should be no publicity and no records. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=IZ83V3JLXFMC&pg=PA23&output=text#c_top |archive-date=6 January 2016 }}</ref>

[[File:Army Aviation India deploying US troops.jpg|alt=|thumb|Indian Army Aviation Corps Dhruv helicopter ferrying U.S soldiers during the Yudh Abhyas training exercise in 2009]]

|Lieutenant General [[Gopal R]]  UYSM, AVSM, SM<{{CN|date=January 2023}}

The troops are organized into 40 Divisions in 14 Corps.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Army headquarters is located in the Indian capital, New Delhi, and it is under the overall command of the [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]] (COAS).

The army operates six operational commands and one training command.<ref name=IndianArmyStructure /> Each command is headed by [[General officer commanding|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] with the rank of [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]. Each command directly reports to Army HQ in New Delhi. These commands are given below in order of creation, with location (city) and commanders listed. There is also the [[Army Training Command (India)|Army Training Command]] abbreviated ARTRAC. Besides these, army officers may head tri-service commands such as the [[Strategic Forces Command]] and [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]], as well as institutions such as the [[Ministry of Defence (India)#Integrated Defence Staff (IDS)|Integrated Defence Staff]].

|Lieutenant General [[Yogendra Dimri]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/nation/lt-gen-dimri-takes-over-army-central-command-chief-531334|title=Lt Gen Dimri Takes Over Army Central Command Chief &#124; OTV News|date=1 April 2021}}</ref>

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[[File:Flickr - DVIDSHUB - US Army Alaska, Indian Army practice operational harmony (Image 4 of 7).jpg|alt=|thumb|Indian Army paratroopers with U.S soldiers during an exercise in Alaska]]

[[File:Indian Army soldiers move into position while demonstrating a platoon-level ambush to U.S. Army paratroopers during Yudh Abhyas 2013.jpg|alt=|thumb|Indian Army soldiers move into position while demonstrating a platoon level ambush to U.S Army paratroopers.]]

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|Lieutenant General P K Srivastava, PVSM, AVSM, VSM<ref name=IndianArmyArtilleryDG>{{cite web |title=The Regiment of Artillery: Director General and Colonel Commandant |url=http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=tp6QV4gmHtrUy/2aWwOdPQ==&ParentID=c/kSjJUgAet86QVQqfy9rQ== |website=Official Website of Indian Army |access-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224160759/http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=tp6QV4gmHtrUy%2F2aWwOdPQ%3D%3D&ParentID=c%2FkSjJUgAet86QVQqfy9rQ%3D%3D |archive-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2019/01/26/des70-day-army-awards.html|title=List of personnel being conferred gallantry and distinguished awards|website=The Week|language=en|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref>

|Lieutenant General A P Singh,<ref name=IndianArmyAirDefenceDG>{{cite web |title=Army Air Defence: Director General Army Air Defence |url=http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp2P_SameRow1Flash2C.aspx?MnId=sAfhA9jyS0nVao8srSkuig==&ParentID=MYf/ZqOryVj+hMZZBdL2Yw==&flag=7QuSd9EEv4RiL0wgt7N/BA== |website=Official Website of Indian Army |access-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224215707/http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp2P_SameRow1Flash2C.aspx?MnId=sAfhA9jyS0nVao8srSkuig%3D%3D&ParentID=MYf%2FZqOryVj%2BhMZZBdL2Yw%3D%3D&flag=7QuSd9EEv4RiL0wgt7N%2FBA%3D%3D |archive-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref>

|Lieutenant General Kanwal Kumar<ref name=IndianArmyAviationDG>{{cite web |title=Army Aviation Corps: Director General and Colonel Commandant |url=http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=1jNdrzG4uqOdGXvYwmFaHA==&ParentID=jXRQ8bX13B68jZasmqKbng== |website=Official Website of Indian Army |access-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224215513/http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=1jNdrzG4uqOdGXvYwmFaHA%3D%3D&ParentID=jXRQ8bX13B68jZasmqKbng%3D%3D |archive-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref>

|Lieutenant General Harpal Singh, PVSM, AVSM, VSM

|Infantry

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'''Infantry'''

Most Indian Army infantry regiments recruit based on certain selection criteria, such as region (for example, the [[Assam Regiment]]), caste/community ([[Jat Regiment]]), or religion ([[Sikh Regiment]]). Most regiments continue the heritage of regiments raised under the British Raj, but some have been raised after independence, some of which have specialised in border defence, in particular the [[Ladakh Scouts]], the [[Arunachal Scouts]], and the [[Sikkim Scouts]].

The [[Regiment of Artillery]] is the second-largest arm of the Indian Army, constituting nearly one-sixth of the Army's total strength. Originally raised in 1935 as part of the [[Royal Indian Artillery]] of the [[British Indian Army]], the Regiment is now tasked with providing the Army's towed and self-propelled [[field artillery]], including guns, howitzers, heavy mortars, rockets, and missiles.

* [[Division (Military)|Division]]: Each division is headed by [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] (division commander) in the rank of [[Major general (India)|major general]].<ref name=IndianArmyStructure /> It usually consists of three to four Brigades.<ref name=IndianArmyStructure /> Currently, the Indian Army has 40 Divisions{{cn|date=December 2022}} including four RAPIDs (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Division), 18 Infantry Divisions, 12 Mountain Divisions, three Armoured Divisions and three Artillery Divisions.

[[File:National War Memorial on the 21st anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas, 2020.jpg|thumb|[[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]] in honour of soliders who laid down their lives for the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National War Memorial (Rashtriya Samar Smarak) |url=https://nationalwarmemorial.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=nationalwarmemorial.gov.in}}</ref>]]

The 2006 standard issued [[camouflage]] uniform of the Indian Army was the PC-DPM which consists of [[Camouflage Central-Europe|French Camouflage Europe Centrale]] featuring a forest camouflage pattern and is designed for use in woodland environments being printed on [[Battle Dress Uniform|BDU]]. The Desert variant issued in 2006 was based on the [[Camouflage Daguet|French Camouflage Daguet]] printed on [[Battle Dress Uniform|BDU]], which features a desert camouflage pattern, is used by artillery and infantry posted in dusty, semi-desert, and desert areas of [[Rajasthan]] and its vicinity.  Starting in 2022, a digital pixelated camouflage pattern uniform designed by [[National Institute of Fashion Technology|NIFT]] has been adopted, while the uniform style is similar to the US Marine [[Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform|MMCUU]] uniform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/indian-army-unveils-new-combat-uniform-361542|title = Army to adopt new combat fatigues next year|date = 15 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/indian-army-day-2022-indian-army-unveils-new-combat-uniform-with-a-digital-disruptive-pattern-10288961.html |title=Indian Army Day 2022: Indian Army unveils new combat uniform with a digital disruptive pattern |publisher=Firstpost.com |date=15 January 2022 |accessdate=19 January 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Dr Seema Rao Woman Commando Trainer at Corps Battle School Northern Command Indian Army.png|alt=|thumb|A female civilian Contractor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/2019-wpower-trailblazers/dr-seema-rao-indias-first-female-combat-trainer-fighting-stereotypes/52713/1|title=Dr Seema Rao: India's First Female Combat Trainer, Fighting Stereotypes|website=Forbes India}}</ref> briefing Indian Army soldiers on firing techniques.]]

* The [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme]] is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defence system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks. It is a double-tiered system consisting of two [[Anti-ballistic missile|interceptor missiles]], namely the [[Prithvi Air Defence|Prithvi Air Defence (PAD)]] missile for high altitude interception, and the [[Advanced Air Defence (AAD)]] Missile for lower altitude interception.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080202110808/http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20061211/defence.shtml%26SET%3DT The New Guardian]''India unveils an all new anti-ballistic missile expected to be the fore-runner of a sophisticated air defence system to thwart, among other threats, a [[Pakistan]]i nuclear weapons attack''</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hF8vr43UZ29RmlnKWgtpAmQs81Lg |title=India tests interceptor missile |date=6 March 2009 |access-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602000349/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hF8vr43UZ29RmlnKWgtpAmQs81Lg |archive-date=2 June 2013 }}</ref>

* Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan (FARP) of 2010, the army plans to procure 3000 to 4000 pieces of artillery at the cost of {{INRConvert|200|b|0}}. This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked, and 145 ultra-light 155&nbsp;mm/39 calibre guns. The requirement for artillery guns would be met with indigenous development and production.<ref name=bustd>{{cite news |author=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/155-mm-gun-contract-drdo-entersfray/402834/ |title=155-mm gun contract: DRDO enters the fray |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=29 July 2010 |publisher=Business-standard.com |access-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006061446/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/155-mm-gun-contract-drdo-entersfray/402834/ |archive-date=6 October 2012 }}</ref> The FARP has resulted in a collaboration with [[Korea]] over the [[K-9 Vajra-T]] (an offshoot of the Korean [[K9 Thunder]]), some of which will be built domestically by [[Larsen & Toubro]].<ref name="teat">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Aakriti |title=India Tightens Defense Ties With South Korea As Army Chief Looks To Fast-Tracks Defense Deals Amid China Tensions |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/india-tightens-defense-ties-with-south-korea-as-army-chief-looks-to-fast-tracks-defense-deals/ |publisher=The EurAsian Times |date=29 December 2020}}</ref> The K9 contract was signed in the midst of the failure of the [[Dhanush (howitzer)]] programme.<ref name="trials">{{cite news |title=Indian Artillery Gun Dhanush Fails Trials Thirce In Three Months |url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/20268/Indian_Artillery_Gun_Dhanush_Fails_Trials_Thirce_In_Three_Months#.X4wq9sgzY2w |work=defenseworld.net |date=16 August 2017}}</ref> As well the fully indigenous towed artillery [[ATAGS howitzer]] had a successful field trials in spring 2022 at the [[Pokhran Field Firing Range]]. It is produced by [[Bharat Forge]] and [[Tata Advanced Systems Limited]].<ref name="ndatags">{{cite news |title=Successful Trials Of India-Made Advanced Artillery Gun System Carried Out |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/successful-trials-of-atags-howitzers-carried-out-in-pokhran-2940834 |publisher=ndtv convergence limited |date=2 May 2022}}</ref>

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