Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Research University in Kolkata}}

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| name                   = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science

| image                 = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Logo.svg

| image_upright          = .7

| caption               =

| other_name            =  

| budget                = {{INRConvert|162.49|c}}<br />{{small|([[Fiscal year|FY]]2023–24 est.)}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2023 |title=DETAILED DEMANDS FOR GRANTS OF MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR 2023-2024 |url=https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/DDG%202023-2024.pdf |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=https://dst.gov.in}}</ref>

| established           = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1876}}}}

| founder               = [[Mahendralal Sarkar]]

| type                   = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]

| academic_affiliation  = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}

| president             = [[Vinod K. Singh]]

| director               = [[Ranjan Sen]]

| address                = 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, [[Kolkata]] - 700032, [[West Bengal]], India

| coordinates           = {{coord|22|29|56.09|N|88|22|7.76|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}

| campus                 = [[Metropolis|Large city]]

| free_label            = Newspaper

| language               = English

| website               = {{Official URL}}

}}{{Infobox university rankings|type=University and College|CWUR_W=1092 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2021–2022 Ranking|url=https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>|CWUR_N=19 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2021–2022 Ranking|url=https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>}}[[File:Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (New Gate).png|thumb|Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (Raman Gate)|262x262px]]

'''Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science''' ('''IACS''') is a [[Public university|public]], [[Deemed university|deemed]], [[research university]] for higher education and research in basic sciences under the '''[[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science & Technology, Government of India]].'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Bernhard Joseph Stern|title=Science and Society|year=1978|page=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQZ2ni_Bn5sC&q=Indian+Association+for+the+Cultivation+of+Science&pg=PA85}}</ref> Established in 29 July 1876 by [[Mahendra Lal Sarkar|Mahendralal Sarkar]], a private medical practitioner, it focuses on fundamental research in basic sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata|url=http://www.dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|work=dst.gov.in|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225344/http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is Asia's oldest [[research institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=saha.ac.in|url=http://www.saha.ac.in/web/founder/founder-life-works?showall=&start=10|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science|url=http://twas.org/partner/indian-association-cultivation-science|work=twas.org|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> located at [[Jadavpur]], [[South Kolkata]] near [[Jadavpur University]], [[Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute]] and [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]]. It is spread over a limited area of 9.5 [[acre]]s<ref name="iacs1">{{cite web|title=About IACS|url=http://iacs.res.in/about-us.html|access-date=19 April 2014|work=iacs.res.in}}</ref> and currently in the process of building an advanced SMART campus at [[Baruipur]].<ref name=":0" />

The association is engaged in research in various fields of [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[Biological Sciences|biological sciences]], [[Mathematics|mathematical]] and [[Computational science|computational sciences]], [[Materials science|materials sciences]] and various interdisciplinary areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lourdusamy |first=John Bosco |date=2003 |title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: A Tortuous Tryst with Modern Science |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188743 |journal=Journal of Science Education and Technology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=381–396 |issn=1059-0145}}</ref>

== Indian Journal of Physics (IJP) ==

''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]'' was founded in 1926. It is published monthly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12648|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Springer|language=en}}</ref> Springer distributes print version of the Journal worldwide. The present chief editor of the journal is Prof. Subham Majumdar, who is a senior professor in the School of Physical Sciences, IACS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Journal of Physics |url=http://iacs.res.in/indian-journal-physics.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=iacs.res.in}}</ref>

==Second Campus (Offshore Campus at Baruipur)==

Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Harsha Vardhan unveiled the foundation stone of the '''Syamaprasad Mukherjee Advanced Research and Training (SMART)'''<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/dr-harsh-vardhan-unveils-foundation-stone-of-shyamaprasad-mookerjee-advance-research-and-training-campus/states/news/1350018.html |title= Dr.Harsh Vardhan unveils foundation stone of shyamaprasad mookerjee advance research and training campus |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper=United News of India}}</ref> campus of Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science(IACS) at Baruipur. It will have the facilities for cutting-edge research in multiple disciplines such as fundamental sciences, engineering sciences and medical sciences.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/second-campus-for-science-hub/cid/1668467 |title=Second campus for science hub |date=14 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper= The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan unveils the foundation stone of the Shyamaprasad Mookerjee advance research and training campus of IACS in Kolkata |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1546078 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== Institutions merged with IACS ==

On 2017 Ratan Wattal led [[NITI Aayog]] high-level committee advice [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance Ministry]] recommended premier research institutes, ''[[S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences]]'' and ''[[Bose Institute]]'' would be merged with Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Koshy |first=Jacob |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Centre plans an ‘overhaul’ of its research institutions |language=English |work=[[The Hindu]]  April 29, 2023 10:13 pm IST |location=New Delhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/science-and-technology-ministrys-autonomous-bodies-undergoing-restructure/article66793396.ece |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430094800/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/science-and-technology-ministrys-autonomous-bodies-undergoing-restructure/article66793396.ece |archive-date=April 30, 2023}}</ref>

Apart from these six major schools, there are a few centers, designed to perform specific and cutting-edge research, by the institute administration:

At its inception, the IACS was headed by a President, with the Honorary Secretary responsible for the day-to-day running of the Society. Until 1911, the office of President was ''de facto'' held by the [[List of governors of Bengal|Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal]], when the Lieutenant-Governor (Governor from 1912) became the co-patron of the Society alongside the [[Viceroy of India]], whose office-holders were automatically Patrons of the Society until 1947.<ref name="IACS_admin_15">{{cite book|pages=144|title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1915 |publisher=Anglo-Sanskrit Press|year=1915}}</ref><ref name="president" group="note">With the exceptions of Sir (later Lord) [[Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell|Antony MacDonnell]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1893-1895), Sir [[Charles Cecil Stevens]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1897-1898), [[James Bourdillon]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1902-1903), Sir [[Lancelot Hare]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906) and [[Francis Slacke]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906-1908).</ref> Following India's independence in 1947, the administration of the IACS was reconstituted, with the designation of "Honorary Director" substituted for "Honorary Secretary."<ref name="IACS_admin_47">{{cite book|pages=25–26|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1947-1948 |year=1948}}</ref> The Director's prefix of ''"Honorary"'' was dropped in 1953.<ref name="IACS_5253"/>

*Prof. Sir [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]] FNI (1951-1954)<ref name="IACS_admin_51">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1951-52|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/464/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1951-52.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_53">{{cite journal|pages=495–496|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1953-54 |journal=Nature |year=1954|volume=174 |issue=4428 |doi=10.1038/174495a0 |bibcode=1954Natur.174..495. |s2cid=4203443 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

*[[File:Independence Day celebration at IACS.jpg|thumb|Independence Day celebration at IACS (15 August 2019)|408x408px]]Prof. [[Ashesh Prosad Mitra]] FNA, FASc, FRS (2003-2007)<ref name="IACS_admin_2003">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2003-2004 |publisher=IACS|year=2004}}</ref>

*Prof. Srivari Chandrasekhar, FNA, FASc (2021 – 2022)

*Prof. [[Vinod K. Singh]], FNA, FASc, FNASc, FTWAS (2022 - present)

 

| [[Mahendralal Sarkar]] (Founder)

| 15 January 1876–23 February 1904<ref name=IACS_1904>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/610 |title=Report of the Twenty Seventh Annual Meeting of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 1904 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 1904 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/610 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>

| Amritalal Sarkar

| 16 June 1904–8 September 1919<ref name=IACS_1904/><ref name="Raman_IACS">{{cite web|title=Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s|url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|website=INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science|access-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>

| {{Age in years, months and days|1904|6|16|1919|9|8}}

|-

| [[C. V. Raman]]

| 18 September 1919–31 March 1933<ref name="Raman_IACS">{{cite web|title=Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s|url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|website=INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science|access-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|pages=21|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1920 |year=1920}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Viswamitra |first1=M. A. |date=November 1988 |title= Professor C. V. Raman and the Department of Physics, IISc, 1933-1948 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2289/6268 |journal=J. Indian Inst. Sci. |volume=68 |issue= |pages=445–447 |doi= |hdl=2289/6268 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>

| [[K. S. Krishnan]]

| 31 March 1933–19 June 1934<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>

| [[Sisir Kumar Mitra]]

| 19 June 1934–November 1935<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>

| [[Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee]]

| November 1935–31 December 1943<ref name="Raman_IACS"/><ref name="IACS_1943">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/458 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1943 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1943 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/458 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| [[Meghnad Saha]]

| 31 December 1943–October 1944<ref name="IACS_1943"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/458 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1943 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1943 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/458 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''October–31 December 1944''<ref name="IACS_1943"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/461 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1944 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1944 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/461 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| Priyadaranjan Ray

| 1 January 1945–1 October 1947<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/455 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1945 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1945 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/455 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_4748">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/463 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1947–48 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 March 1948 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/463 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

 

| Priyadaranjan Ray

| 1 October 1947–1 January 1953<ref name="IACS_4748"/><ref name="IACS_5253">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/462 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1952–53 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 March 1953 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/462 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| Meghnad Saha

| 1 January 1953–16 February 1956<ref name="IACS_5253"/><ref name="IACS_5556">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/611 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1956 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/611 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''Priyadaranjan Ray (officiating)''

| ''4 March 1956 – 2 December 1958''<ref name="IACS_5556"/><ref name="IACS_5859">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/613 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1958-59 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1959 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/613 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''Sukumar Chandra Sirkar (acting)''

| ''8 December 1958 – 10 December 1959''<ref name="IACS_5859"/><ref name="IACS_5960">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/614 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1959-60 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1960 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/614 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| [[Kedareswar Banerjee]]

| 11 December 1959–1 October 1965<ref name="IACS_5960"/><ref name="IACS_6566">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/621 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1965-66 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1966 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/621 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''Bishwambhar Nath Srivastava (acting)''

| ''1 October 1965 – 31 December 1968''<ref name="IACS_6566"/><ref name="IACS_6869">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/622 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1968-69 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1969 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/622 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| Debidas Basu

| 1 January 1969–31 August 1980<ref name="IACS_6869"/><ref name="IACS_8081">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/970 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1980-81 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1981 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/970 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''G. S. Banerjee [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (acting)''

| ''19 September 1980 – 8 March 1981''<ref name="IACS_8081"/>

| [[Sadhan Basu]]

| 9 March 1981–14 July 1982<ref name="sbasu" group="note">On medical leave from 14 July 1982, resigned with effect from 24 August.</ref><ref name="IACS_8081"/><ref name="IACS_8283">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/972 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1982-83 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1983 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/972 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''G. S. Banerjee IAS (acting)''

| ''14 July–8 December 1982''<ref name="IACS_8081"/><ref name="IACS_8283"/>

| ''[[Asok Kumar Barua]] (acting)''

| ''9–30 December 1982''<ref name="IACS_8283"/>

| {{Age in years, months and days|1982|12|9|1982|12|30}}

|-

| 31 December 1982–1989<ref name="IACS_8283"/><ref name="IACS_8990">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/978 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1989-90 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1990 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/978 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

|-

| 1989–1993<ref name="IACS_8990"/>

| 1993–9 September 1999<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/981 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1992-93 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1993 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/981 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_9900">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/987|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1999-2000 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2000 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/987 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| 10 September 1999–31 March 2009<ref name="IACS_9900">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/987|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1999-2000 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2000 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/987 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>

| [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]]

| 1 April 2009–10 February 2013<ref name="IACS_0809">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_2008-2009.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2008-2009 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2009 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_1213">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2012-2013.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2012-2013 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2013 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''Subhas Chandra Roy (acting)''

| ''10 February–11 September 2013''<ref name="IACS_1213"/><ref name="IACS_1314">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2013-2014.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2013-2014 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>

| ''[[Deb Shankar Ray]] (acting)''

| ''11 September 2013 – 21 April 2015''<ref name="IACS_1314"/><ref name="IACS_1415">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_English-2014-15.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2014-2015 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2015 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>

|  [[Santanu Bhattacharya]]

| 22 April 2015 – 23 April 2021<ref name="IACS_1415"/>

| ''24 April 2021–6 April 2023''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director|url=http://iacs.res.in/directors.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref>

| {{Age in years, months and days|2021|4|23|2023|4|6}}

|6 April 2023 - present

|'''{{Age in years, months and days|2023|4|6}}'''

== Notable alumni and associates<ref>{{Cite book|title=Annual Report, 2019-'20|year=2020|url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Annual%20report%20Eng-2019-20(1).pdf}}</ref> ==

=== Nobel Laureate<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobel Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/nobel-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref> ===

=== TWAS Prize<ref>{{Cite web|title=TWAS Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/twas-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref> ===