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{{About|the city in Gujarat, India|other places|Ahmadabad (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Ahmedabad
| name                    = Ahmedabad
| native_name              = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name              = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name_lang        = gu
| native_name_lang        = Amdavad
| other_name              =
| settlement_type          = [[Metropolis]]
| settlement_type          = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline            = File:Ahmedabad_montage_new1.png
| image_shield            = Amdavad Municipal Corporation logo.png
| image_skyline            = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
| image1 =
| image5 = Amdavad Aerial.jpg
| image2= SG Highway Skyline.jpg
| image4 = Atal Pedestrian Bridge at Night.jpg
| image3  = Sheth Hutheesinh Temple.jpg
| image6  =
| image7 = Riverfront Ahmedabad.jpg
| image8 = Ahmedabad BRTS.jpg
}}
| image_alt                =  
| image_alt                =  
| image_caption            =  
| image_caption            = '''Clockwise from top:''' <br /> High Rises on SG Highway, [[Atal Pedestrian Bridge]], [[Sabarmati Riverfront]], Ahmedabad BRTS Station, Ahmedabad Aerial View, [[Hutheesing Temple]].
| nickname                = Manchester of the East
| nickname                = Heritage City of India
| map_alt                  =
| map_caption              =
| pushpin_map              = India Ahmedabad#India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position  = center
| pushpin_map_alt          =
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location of Ahmedabad in [[Gujarat]]
| pushpin_relief          =
| coordinates              = {{coord|23.03|72.58|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_type3        =
| subdivision_type4        = Zone
| subdivision_name1        = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_name2        =  
| subdivision_name2        = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| subdivision_name3       =  
| established_title       = Establishment
| subdivision_name4        =  
| established_date        = 11th Century as [[Ashaval]]
| established_title        =  
| named_for                = [[Ahmad Shah I]]
| founder                  =  
| founder                  = King Asha Bhil
| named_for                =
| government_type          = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| government_type          = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body          = <div>
| governing_body          = [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]
* Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
| leader_title            = [[List of mayors of Ahmedabad|Mayor]]
* Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority
| leader_name              = [[Kirit Parmar]] ([[BJP]])
</div>
| leader_title2            = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| area_total_km2          = 8,087
| leader_name2            = Gita Patel ([[BJP]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.com/city/ahmedabad/bijal-patel-is-mayor-makwana-her-deputy/articleshow/64593593.cms|title=Bijal Patel is mayor, Makwana her deputy|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 June 2018}}</ref>
| area_metro_km2          =  
| leader_title3            = [[Municipal commissioner]]
| area_rank                =  
| leader_name3            = M. Thennarasan<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2022 |title=Gujarat government transport 23 IAS officers; AMC GMC get new commissioners |work=DeshGujarat |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/12/gujarat-government-transfers-23-ias-officers-amc-gmc-get-new-commissioners/ |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes      =  
| leader_title4            = [[Police commissioner]]
| elevation_m              =  
| leader_name4            = Sanjay Shrivastav IPS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-police-chief-visits-stadium-ashram/articleshow/74125656.cms|title=City police chief visits stadium, ashram |date=14 February 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214211834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-police-chief-visits-stadium-ashram/articleshow/74125656.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total        = 7,486,573
| unit_pref                = Metric
| population_as_of         = 2014
| area_footnotes          = <ref name='Municipal Extensions'>{{cite news|title=Expansion of Municipal Corporations|website=The Times of India |date=19 June 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=18 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818194323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='Municipalities have extension in Gujarat'>{{cite web|title=Municipalities have extension in Gujarat|url=https://www.gnsnews.co.in/municipal-corporation-limits-of-5-cities-including-gandhinagar-extended/|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920101249/https://www.gnsnews.co.in/municipal-corporation-limits-of-5-cities-including-gandhinagar-extended/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='AMC Expands'>{{cite web|title=AMC Expansion|date=8 September 2020|url=https://citizenmatters.in/ahmedabad-municipal-corporation-expansion-real-estate-calls-shots-21022|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116144630/https://citizenmatters.in/ahmedabad-municipal-corporation-expansion-real-estate-calls-shots-21022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AMC"/>
| coordinates             = {{coord}}
| area_total_km2          = 505.00
| area_urban_km2          = 1,866
| area_urban_footnotes    = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|title=About Us {{!}} AUDA|website=www.auda.org.in|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220004611/http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_rank                = 8th in India (1st in Gujarat State)
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/about_amc.jsp |title=About The Corporation: Ahmedabad Today |access-date=24 April 2018 |publisher=Ahmdabad Municipal Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114642/https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/about_amc.jsp |archive-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| elevation_m              = 53
| population_total        = 90,90000
| population_as_of        = 2023
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{citation |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population |title=Ahmedabad Population |work=worldpopulationreview.com }}</ref>
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_urban        = 6357693
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name=UA>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html|title=Gujarāt (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115558/http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html|archive-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
| population_rank          = [[List of most populous cities in India|5th]]
| population_demonym      = Amdavadi, Ahmedabadi
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1              = +5:30
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| postal_code              = 380 0XX
| area_code                = [[Telephone numbers in India|079]]
| registration_plate      = GJ-01 (west), GJ-27 (East), GJ-38 Bavla (Rural)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kaushik|first1=Himanshu|date=3 January 2019|first2=Niyati|last2=Parikh |title=GJ-01 series registers 12% drop in one year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808104137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms|archive-date=8 August 2020|access-date=8 August 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2016)}}
| blank_info_sec1          = 0.867<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Human Development Reports United Nations Development Programme |url=https://www.undp.org/india/publications/district-human-development-reports |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1          = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1          = 1.11<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Sex-Ratio and Population Density|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|work=[[2011 census of India]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=21 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113182831/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name             = Literacy rate
| blank2_info              = 85.3%<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat elections 2022: Seats with high literacy rates record low voting numbers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-elections-2022-seats-with-high-literacy-rates-record-low-voting-numbers/articleshow/96044854.cms |access-date=2023-03-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| footnotes                =
| blank_name_sec2          = [[Gross domestic product|GDP Nominal]]
| blank_info_sec2          = $80&nbsp;billion<ref name="Gujarat_gdp">{{Cite web |title=District Domestic Product Per Capita |url=https://data.icrisat.org/dld/src/gdp.html |access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Gross domestic product|Percapita]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = $7513 or ₹6.1 lakh<ref name="Gujarat_gdp"/>
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Gross domestic product|Metropolis GDP/Nominal]]
| demographics_type1      = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1      = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| demographics1_title2    = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2      = [[English language|English]]
| website                  = {{URL|ahmedabadcity.gov.in/}}
| official_name            = Amdavad
| module                  = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child        = yes
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (v)}}(ii), (v)
| ID            = 1551
| year          = 2017
| area          = {{convert|535.7|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone  = {{convert|395|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
}}
}}
}}
'''Ahmedabad''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|m|ə|d|ə|b|æ|d|,_|-|b|ɑː|d}} {{respell|AH|mə|də|ba(h)d}}; [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: '''Amdavad''' {{IPA-gu|ˈəmdɑːʋɑːd||amdavad.ogg}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/Ahmadabad/report-is-it-ahmadabad-or-amdavad-no-one-knows-for-sure-1668305|title=Is it Ahmadabad or Amdavad? No one knows for sure|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|date=28 March 2012|first=Jitendra|last=Dave|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120245/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-is-it-ahmedabad-or-amdavad-no-one-knows-for-sure-1668305|url-status=live}}</ref>) is the most populous city in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]]. It is the administrative headquarters of the [[Ahmedabad district]] and the seat of the [[Gujarat High Court]]. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585  (per the 2011 population census) makes it the [[List of most populous cities in India|fifth-most populous city]] in India,<ref>India's most populated citys https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/india</ref> and the encompassing [[urban agglomeration]] population estimated at 6,357,693 is the [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|seventh-most populous]] in India. Ahmedabad is located near the banks of the [[Sabarmati River]],<ref name="citypop India aggs"/> {{convert|25|km|abbr=on|mi}}<ref name="citypop world aggs"/> from the capital of Gujarat, [[Gandhinagar]], also known as its twin city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oneindiaonepeople.com/ahmadabad-gandhinagar-a-tale-of-twin-cities/|title=Ahmadabad & Gandhinagar a tale of twin cities|date=1 December 2015|website=One India One People}}{{dead link|date=April 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India, due to which it was known as the '[[Manchester]] of India' along with [[Kanpur]]. Ahmedabad's [[Ahmedabad Stock Exchange|stock exchange]] (before it was shut down in 2018) was the country's second oldest. [[Cricket]] is a popular sport in Ahmedabad; a newly built stadium, called [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], at Motera can accommodate 132,000 spectators, making it the [[List of stadiums by capacity|largest stadium in the world]]. The world-class [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave]] is currently under construction and once complete, it will be one of the biggest sports centers (Sports City) in India. The effects of the [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalisation of the Indian economy]] have energised the city's economy towards [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] activities such as commerce, communication and construction.<ref name="jnnurm">{{cite web
|url=http://www.egovamc.com/cdp/AMC_CDP.pdf
|title=Profile of the City Ahmadabad
|author=Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
|year=2006
|work=Ahmadabad Municipal Corporation Ahmadabad, Urban Development Authority and CEPT University, Ahmadabad
|publisher=Ahmadabad Municipal Corporation
|access-date=22 July 2008
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819215527/http://www.egovamc.com/cdp/AMC_CDP.pdf
|archive-date=19 August 2008
}}</ref> Ahmedabad's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries, resulting in the development of skyscrapers.<ref name="Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots">{{Cite news|url=http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |title=Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2002 |access-date=30 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103080350/http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref>


'''Ahmedabad''' is the largest city in the [[Gujarat]] state, in Western [[India]]. The city is the administrative centre of Ahmedabad district, and was the capital of Gujarat from 1960 to 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/states/gujarat.html|title=Incredible India {{!}} Gujarat|website=www.incredibleindia.org|access-date=2019-08-24|archive-date=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824145332/https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/states/gujarat.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar|first1=Rita. N.|last2=Solanki|first2=Rajal|last3=J.I|first3=Nirmal Kumar|year=2011|title=AN ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL VARIATION AND WATER QUALITY INDEX OF SABARMATI RIVER AND KHARICUT CANAL AT AHMEDABAD, GUJARAT.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286893088|journal=EJEAFChe|volume=10|issue=5|issn=1579-4377|eissn=2248-2261}}</ref> and it shares proximity with the [[Gandhinagar]], the newly built state capital.
In 2010, Ahmedabad was ranked third in ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}}s list of fastest growing cities of the decade.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html| title=In pictures—The Next Decade's fastest growing cities| work=[[Forbes]]| access-date=10 July 2010| first=Joel| last=Kotkin| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014101651/http://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html| archive-date=14 October 2010| df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[The Times of India]]'' chose Ahmedabad as India's best city to live in.<ref name="best city to in which to live in India">{{cite news |title=Ahmedabad best city to live in, Pune close second |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212180503/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata |archive-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad metro was estimated at $80 billion in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chakravorty|first=Abhimanyu|date=13 April 2016|title=From Gurgaon to Gurugram: 20 cities that changed their names|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-new-name-gurugram-indian-cities-renamed/|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430050426/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-new-name-gurugram-indian-cities-renamed/|archive-date=30 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/top-10-richest-cities-in-india-2021-552132.html?picid=2181885|title=Richest Cities Of India|website=IndiaTimes.com|date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021|archive-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> In 2020, Ahmedabad was ranked as the third-best city in India to live by the Ease of Living Index.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmedabad rated as third best city to live in, moves up by 20 spots in a year|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/article/ahmedabad-rated-as-third-best-city-to-live-in-moves-up-by-20-spots-in-a-year/728623|access-date=20 June 2021|website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref> In July 2022, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine included Ahmedabad in its list of world's 50 greatest places of 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Ahmedabad, India: World's Greatest Places 2022 |url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194590/ahmedabad-india/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>


The city's area is approximately 8,087 sq.k.m and it's total population of District is 7,486,573 (2014).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/about-ahmedabad|title=About Ahmedabad {{!}} About Us {{!}} Collectorate - District Ahmedabad|website=ahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in|access-date=2019-08-24|archive-date=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824113141/https://ahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/about-ahmedabad|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under the [[Government of India]]{{'}}s flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = Government releases list of 20 smart cities|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|website = The Times of India| date=28 January 2016 |access-date = 6 February 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202024057/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|archive-date = 2 February 2016|df = dmy-all}}</ref> In July 2017, the [[Historic City of Ahmadabad|historic city of Ahmedabad]], or Old Ahmedabad, was declared a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage City]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms|title=600-year-old smart city gets World Heritage tag|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710094740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms |archive-date=10 July 2017}}</ref> The city is home to the [[Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad|world's first Swaminarayan Mandir]], located in Kalupur area of Old Ahmedabad.


== History ==
== History ==
{{Main|History of Ahmedabad}}
The area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as ''[[Ashaval]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|first= Jane|last= Turner|title=The Dictionary of Art|publisher=Grove|volume=1|isbn=978-1-884446-00-9|page=471|year=1996}}</ref> At that time, [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]], the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] (Solanki) ruler of Anhilwara (modern [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]), waged a successful war against the [[Bhil]] king of Ashaval,<ref>{{Cite book| first=George| last=Michell|author2=Snehal Shah| author3-link=John Burton-Page|author3= John Burton-Page |author4=Mehta, Dinesh|title=Ahmadabad|publisher=Marg Publications|date=28 July 2006|isbn=81-85026-03-3|pages=17–19}}</ref> and established a city called ''[[Karnavati]]'' on the banks of the Sabarmati.<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India Through the Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/173 173]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Solanki rule lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the [[Vaghela dynasty]] of [[Dholka]]. Gujarat subsequently came under the control of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in the 14th century. However, by the earlier 15th century, the local Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar established his independence from the Delhi Sultanate and crowned himself [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]] as [[Muzaffar Shah I]], thereby founding the [[Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat|Muzaffarid dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wink|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&q=gujarat+sultanate+tank+khatri&pg=PA143|title=Indo-Islamic Society: 14th - 15th Centuries|date=1990|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-13561-1|pages=143|quote=Zafar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of a ''low subdivision called Tank''{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}, originally from Southern Punjab.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-praise-of-kings/355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482|title=In Praise of Kings: Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15331-8|location=Cambridge|pages=120|quote=Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of Muzaffar Shah's ancestors having once been Hindus "Tanks" a branch of Khatris who trace their dynasty from the solar god.}}</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |pages=114–115}}</ref> In 1411, this area came under the control of his grandson, Sultan [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]], who selected the forested area along the banks of the Sabarmati river for a new capital city. He laid the foundation of a new walled city near Karnavati and named it Ahmedabad after himself.<ref name="baba">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035148/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Baba Maneknath's kin keep alive 600-yr old tradition |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 October 2010 |access-date=21 February 2013 |author=More, Anuj}}</ref><ref>This ambiguity is similar to the case of [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] naming his new capital "[[Saint Petersburg]]", referring officially to [[Saint Peter]] but in fact also to himself.</ref> According to other versions, he named the city after four Muslim saints in the area who all had the name Ahmed.<ref name="AMC History">{{cite web|title=History of Ahmedabad |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx |publisher=Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, egovamc.com |access-date=14 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx |archive-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ahmed Shah I laid the foundation of the city on 26 February 1411<ref name="Pandya 2010">{{cite web | last=Pandya | first=Yatin | title=In Ahmedabad, history is still alive as tradition | website=dna | date=14 November 2010 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396 | access-date=26 February 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804080254/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396 | archive-date=4 August 2016 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> (at 1.20&nbsp;pm, Thursday, the second day of [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], [[Hijri year]] 813<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx|title=History|website=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=27 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx|archive-date=23 February 2016|quote=Jilkad is anglicized name of the month [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], Hijri year not mentioned but derived from date converter}}</ref>) at [[Manek Burj]]. Manek Burj is named after the legendary 15th-century Hindu saint, [[Maneknath]], who intervened to help [[Ahmed Shah I]] build [[Bhadra Fort]] in 1411.<ref name="baba" /><ref name="igg">{{cite book |title=India Guide Gujarat |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |pages=93–94 |isbn=9780978951702 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93 |editor=Desai, Anjali H. |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120319/https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mnk">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411040432/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Flags changed at city's foundation by Manek Nath baba's descendants |work=The Times of India |date=7 October 2011 |agency=TNN |access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="tam">{{cite news |url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=News%20-%20A%201000%20Salutes&sectid=68&contentid=2010022620100226182744376d3de031 |title=Multi-layered expansion |work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=26 February 2010 |agency=AM |access-date=21 February 2013 |author=Ruturaj Jadav and Mehul Jani |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207235844/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article |archive-date=7 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
He chose it as the new capital on 4 March 1411.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/|title=02/26/2015: Divya Bhaskar e-Paper, ahmedabad, e-Paper, ahmedabad e Paper, e Newspaper ahmedabad, ahmedabad e Paper, ahmedabad ePaper |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621050319/http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/ |archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>
Chandan and Rajesh Nath, 13th generation descendants of Saint Maneknath, perform ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' and hoist the flag on Manek Burj on Ahmedabad's foundation day and for the [[Vijayadashami]] festival every year.<ref name="baba"/><ref name="mnk"/><ref name="India 2015">{{cite web |first=Lakshmi |last=Ajay |title=Ahmedabad city turns 604 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 February 2015 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/ |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120321/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/ |url-status=live}}</ref><!--ref name="TimesPub11"/--><ref name="dnax2011">{{cite news |title=Manek Burj's sorry state fails to move AMC |publisher=DNA |date=19 April 2012 |url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM53975 |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
[[File:City Walls of Ahmedabad 1866.jpg|thumb|City Walls of Ahmedabad, 1866|200x200px]]
In 1487, [[Mahmud Begada]], the grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} in circumference and consisting of [[Gates of Ahmedabad|twelve gates]], 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements.<ref>{{Cite book|first=G|last=Kuppuram|title=India Through the Ages: History, Art, Culture, and Religion|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|isbn=978-81-85067-08-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6,000+battlements.|access-date=26 July 2008|page=739|year=1988|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120304/https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6%2C000+battlements.|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1535 [[Humayun]] briefly occupied Ahmedabad after capturing [[Champaner]] when the ruler of Gujarat, [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], fled to [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mughal Throne|first=Abraham|last=Eraly|page=47|publisher=Orion Publishing|isbn=978-0-7538-1758-2|year=2004}}</ref> Ahmedabad was then reoccupied by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573 when Gujarat was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]]. During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the Empire's thriving centres of trade, mainly in textiles, which were exported as far as Europe. The Mughal ruler [[Shahjahan]] spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the [[Moti Shahi Mahal]] in [[Shahibaug]]. The [[Deccan Famine of 1630–32]] affected the city, as did famines in 1650 and 1686.<ref>{{cite book|first= Satpal|last= Sangwan|title=Land Use – Historical Perspectives: Focus on Indo-Gangetic Plains|date=2002|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-274-2|page=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpXmQb0gv0C&q=deccan+famine+affected+ahmedabad&pg=PA151|author2=Y. P. Abrol |author3=Mithilesh K. Tiwari}}</ref> Ahmedabad remained the provincial headquarters of the Mughals until 1758, when they surrendered the city to the [[Maratha]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Prakash|first=Om|title=Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd|year=2003|pages=282–284|isbn=81-261-0938-6|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ3lI4LANVcC&q=ahmedabad+mughal+rule+ended+maratha&pg=PA283 |access-date=26 July 2008}}</ref>
During the period of [[Maratha Empire]] governance, the city became the centre of a conflict between the [[Peshwa]] of [[Poona]] and the [[Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda]].<ref name="GNHistory">{{Cite book|last=Kalia|first=Ravi|title=Gandhinagar: Building National Identity in Postcolonial India|publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press|year=2004|chapter=The Politics of Site|isbn=1-57003-544-X|pages=30–59|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RVhNO2MwOCAC&q=Gaekwad++mughal+ahmedabad&pg=PA39 |access-date=26 July 2008}}</ref> In 1780, during the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]], a British force under [[James Hartley (Indian Army officer)|James Hartley]] stormed and captured Ahmedabad, but it was handed back to the Marathas at the end of the war. The [[British East India Company]] took over the city in 1818 during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name="AMC History" /> A military cantonment was established in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858.<ref name="AMC History" /> Incorporated into the [[Bombay Presidency]] during [[British Raj|British rule]], Ahmedabad became one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. In 1864, a railway link between Ahmedabad and [[Mumbai]] (then Bombay) was established by the [[Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway]] (BB&CI), enabling traffic and trade between [[North India|northern]] and [[South India|southern India]] via the city.<ref name="AMC History" /> Over time, the city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname "[[Manchester]] of the East".<ref name="BordenFraser2014">{{cite book|author1=Iain Borden|author2=Murray Fraser|author3-link=Barbara Penner|author3=Barbara Penner|title=Forty Ways to Think About Architecture: Architectural History and Theory Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|date=11 August 2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-82261-6|page=252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Ahmedabad (Baedeker, 1914).jpg|thumb|left|Ahmedabad and its environs, ca 1914]]
The [[Indian independence movement]] developed roots in the city when [[Mahatma Gandhi]] established two [[ashram]]s&nbsp;– the [[Kochrab Ashram]] near [[Paldi]] in 1915 and the Satyagraha Ashram (now [[Sabarmati Ashram]]) on the banks of the Sabarmati in 1917&nbsp;– which would become centres of nationalist activities.<ref name="AMC History" /><ref name="manchester">{{Cite news|author=A. Srivathsan|url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2006/06/23/stories/2006062300300200.htm|title=Manchester of India|date=23 June 2006|access-date=30 July 2006|location=Chennai, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012165839/http://hindu.com/yw/2006/06/23/stories/2006062300300200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref> During the [[Non-Cooperation Movement|mass protests]] against the [[Rowlatt Act]] in 1919, textile workers burned down 51 government buildings across the city in protest at a British attempt to extend wartime regulations after the [[First World War]]. In the 1920s, textile workers and teachers went on strike, demanding civil rights and better pay and working conditions. In 1930, Gandhi initiated the [[Salt Satyagraha]] from Ahmedabad by embarking from his ashram on the [[Dandi Salt March]]. The city's administration and economic institutions were rendered inoperative in the early 1930s by the large numbers of people who took to the streets in peaceful protests, and again in 1942 during the [[Quit India Movement]]. Following independence and the [[partition of India]] in 1947, the city was scarred by the intense communal violence that broke out between [[Hinduism in India|Hindus]] and [[Islam in India|Muslims]] in 1947, Ahmedabad was the focus of settlement by Hindu migrants from Pakistan,<ref name="GillyGilinskiy2009">{{cite book|first1=Thomas Albert|last1=Gilly|first2=Yakov|last2=Gilinskiy|title=The Ethics of Terrorism: Innovative Approaches from an International Perspective (17 Lectures)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&pg=PA23|access-date=26 June 2012|date=8 December 2009|publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher|isbn=978-0-398-07867-6|page=23|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612004348/http://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&pg=PA23|archive-date=12 June 2013}}</ref> who expanded the city's population and transformed its demographics and economy.
By 1960, Ahmedabad had become a metropolis with a population of slightly under half a million people, with classical and colonial European-style buildings lining the city's thoroughfares.<ref name="Ghurye1962">{{cite book|author=Govind Sadashiv Ghurye|title=Cities and Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/citiescivilizati0000ghur|url-access=registration|year=1962|publisher=Popular Prakashan|page=[https://archive.org/details/citiescivilizati0000ghur/page/96 96]}}</ref> It was chosen as the capital of Gujarat state after the partition of the [[Bombay State|State of Bombay]] on 1 May 1960.<ref name="YājñikaSheth2005">{{cite book|author1=Acyuta Yājñika|author2=Suchitra Sheth|title=The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C|year=2005|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-400038-8|page=168|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> During this period, a large number of educational and research institutions were founded in the city, making it a centre for [[Education in India|higher education]], science and technology.<ref name="Political Science">{{cite book|title=Political Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSyrb3du-iwC&pg=RA1-PA114|access-date=24 February 2012|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-89611-86-6|pages=1–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616153912/http://books.google.com/books?id=eSyrb3du-iwC&pg=RA1-PA114|archive-date=16 June 2013|year = 1978}}</ref> Ahmedabad's economic base became more diverse with the establishment of heavy and chemical industry during the same period. Many countries sought to emulate India's economic planning strategy and one of them, [[South Korea]], copied the city's second "Five-Year Plan".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolf, Jr. |first=Charles |title=Korea's Five year plan |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/51173037.pdf |journal=Ministry of Reconstruction of Korea}}</ref>
[[File:Gandhi Ashram.jpg|thumb|[[Sabarmati Ashram]], established by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]|200x200px]]
In the late 1970s, the capital shifted to the newly built city of [[Gandhinagar]]. This marked the start of a long period of decline in the city, marked by a lack of development.
The 1974 ''[[Nav Nirman]]'' agitation&nbsp;– a protest against a 20% hike in the hostel food fees at the [[L.D. College of Engineering]] in Ahmedabad&nbsp;– snowballed into a movement to remove [[Chimanbhai Patel]], then chief minister of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web |work=India Today |title=60 revolutions—Nav nirman movement |url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=32&task=view&id=2727&acc=high |date=20 December 2007 |first=Ghanshyam |last=Shah |access-date=3 July 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224081015/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=32&task=view&id=2727&acc=high |archive-date=24 December 2008}}</ref> In the 1980s, a [[Reservation in India|reservation policy]] was introduced in the country, which led to anti-reservation protests in 1981 and 1985. The protests witnessed violent clashes between people belonging to various [[Indian caste system|castes]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Seminar Publications |location=New Delhi |first=Achyut |last=Yagnik |title=The pathology of Gujarat |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20achyut%20yagnik.htm |date=May 2002 |access-date=10 May 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322112252/http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20achyut%20yagnik.htm |archive-date=22 March 2006}}</ref> The city was considerably impacted by the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]]; up to 50 multi-storey buildings collapsed, killing 752 people and causing much damage.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=WHO Regional Office for south-east Asia |first = Anil |last = Sinha |title=Lessons learned from the Gujarat earthquake |url=http://www.searo.who.int |access-date=13 May 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060619151815/http://www.searo.who.int/| archive-date= 19 June 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> The following year, a three-day period of violence between Hindus and Muslims in the western Indian state of Gujarat, known as the [[2002 Gujarat riots]], spread to Ahmedabad; in eastern [[Chamanpura]], 69 people were killed in the [[Gulbarg Society massacre]] on 28 February 2002.<ref name=Gulbarg>{{cite news| title =Safehouse of Horrors| work =Tehelka| url =http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107safehouseofhorrors.asp&page=1| date =3 November 2007| access-date =15 May 2010| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090429102953/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main35.asp?filename=Ne031107safehouseofhorrors.asp&page=1| archive-date =29 April 2009| url-status =dead}}</ref> Refugee camps were set up around the city, housing 50,000 Muslims, as well as some small Hindu camps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN.com - Desolate life in India's refugee camps - May 15, 2002 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/05/15/gujarat.camps/index.html |access-date=28 June 2022 |website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref>
The [[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]], a series of seventeen bomb blasts, killed and injured several people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |title=17 bomb blasts rock Ahmedabad, 15 dead |date=26 July 2008 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628002847/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |archive-date=28 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Militant group [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami|Harkat-ul-Jihad]] claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/27/india-blasts-toll-up-to-37/|title=India blasts toll up to 37|date=27 July 2008|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=27 July 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080802233922/http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/27/india-blasts-toll-up-to-37/ |archive-date = 2 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Other than New Delhi, Ahmedabad is a rare city in India to have hosted premiers of major economies like the US, China and Canada. On 24 February 2020, President Trump became the first president of the US to visit the city as part of [[Namaste Trump]]. Earlier, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau visited the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Langa|first=Mahesh|date=23 February 2020|title=Ahmedabad glitters to welcome Donald Trump|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-glitters-to-welcome-trump/article30897043.ece|access-date=16 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406235848/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-glitters-to-welcome-trump/article30897043.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=17 September 2014|title=Chinese President Xi Jinping arrives in Ahmedabad|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/chinese-president-xi-jinping-arrives-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/42711720.cms?from=mdr|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Justin Trudeau visits IIM A, says empowering women is the smart thing to do|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/justin-trudeau-visits-iim-a-says-empowering-women-is-the-smart-thing-to-do/articleshow/62984055.cms|date=19 February 2018|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430192708/http://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/justin-trudeau-visits-iim-a-says-empowering-women-is-the-smart-thing-to-do/articleshow/62984055.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
{{Historical populations
| title = Population census
| align = right
| cols = 2
| graph-pos = bottom
| source = [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31954 Census of India]
| 1872 | 119762
| 1881 | 127621
| 1891 | 148412
| 1901 | 185889
| 1911 | 216777
| 1921 | 274007
| 1931 | 313789
| 1941 | 595210
| 1951 | 842643
| 1961 | 1156788
| 1971 | 1750134
| 1981 | 2534641
| 1991 | 3324197
| 2001 | 4488237
| 2011 | 5633927
}}
{{As of|2011|alt=At the [[2011 Census of India]]}} Ahmedabad had a population of 5,633,927, making it the [[List of most populous cities in India|fifth most populous city]] in India.<ref name=":3" /> The [[urban agglomeration]] centred upon Ahmedabad, then having a population of 6,357,693, now estimated at 7,650,000, is the [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|seventh most populous urban agglomeration]] in India.<ref name="citypop India aggs">{{cite web|title=India: States and Major Agglomerations – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Agglo.html|website=citypopulation.de|date=29 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217011539/http://citypopulation.de/India-Agglo.html|archive-date=17 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="citypop world aggs">{{cite web|title=Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps|url=http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|website=citypopulation.de|date=1 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402222958/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|archive-date=2 April 2016}}</ref> The city had a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 88.29%; 92.30% of the men and 83.85% of the women were literate.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad Population 2023 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> Ahmedabad's sex ratio in 2011 was 897 women per 1000 men.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} According to the census for the [[Five-Year Plans of India|Ninth Plan]], there are 30,737 rural families living in Ahmedabad. Of those, 5.41% (1663 families) live [[poverty threshold|below the poverty line]].<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=Ahmedabad District Collectorate
|title=BPL Census for ninth plan
|url=http://revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/applications/content.asp?Content_Id=764&Title_Id=195&language=E&SiteID=8
|access-date=10 May 2006
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524062705/http://revenuedepartment.gujarat.gov.in/applications/content.asp?Content_Id=764&Title_Id=195&language=E&SiteID=8
|archive-date=24 May 2007
}}</ref> Approximately 440,000 people live in [[slum]]s within the city.<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India
|title=Slum Population in Million Plus Cities
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061223112810/http://www.censusindia.net/results/slum1_m_plus.html
|archive-date=23 December 2006
|access-date=11 May 2006
}}</ref>
In 2008, there were 2273 registered [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|non-resident Indians]] living in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
|title=NRI Directory
|url=http://www.egovamc.com/nri/nri.asp
|access-date=7 February 2008
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509121813/http://www.egovamc.com/nri/nri.asp
|archive-date=9 May 2008
}}</ref>
In 2010, ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine rated Ahmedabad as the fastest-growing city in India, and listed it as third fastest-growing in the world after the Chinese cities of [[Chengdu]] and [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_cheers-ahmedabad-city-is-racing-ahead_1453361 |title=Cheers Ahmedabad! City is racing ahead|work=DNA India| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101018030404/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_cheers-ahmedabad-city-is-racing-ahead_1453361| archive-date= 18 October 2010 | url-status= live|access-date=25 June 2012|date=16 October 2010}}</ref> In 2011, it was rated India's best megacity to live in by leading market research firm IMRB.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad best city to live in, Pune close second|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata|access-date=17 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501195528/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata|archive-date=1 May 2013|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the [[National Crime Records Bureau]] (NCRB) report of 2003, Ahmedabad has the lowest crime rate of the 35 Indian cities with a population of more than one million.<ref name="Surat crime rate lowest">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-10-16/ahmedabad/27860423_1_crime-rate-state-rate-surat|title=Surat crime rate lowest|first=Paul|last=John|date=16 October 2005|access-date=8 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033957/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-10-16/ahmedabad/27860423_1_crime-rate-state-rate-surat|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2011, market research firm [[IMRB]] declared Ahmedabad the best megacity to live in when compared to India's other megacities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata|title=Ahmedabad best city to live in, Pune close second|access-date=9 June 2012|date=11 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212180503/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata|archive-date=12 December 2011|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref> Slightly less than half of all real estate in Ahmedabad is owned by "community organisations" (i.e. cooperatives), and according to Vrajlal Sapovadia, professor of the B.K. School of Business Management, "the spatial growth of the city is to [an] extent [a] contribution of these organisations".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sapovadia|first=Vrajlal|year=2007|chapter=A critical study of urban land ownership by an individual vis-à-vis institutional (or community) based ownership—The Impact of type of ownership on spatial growth, efficiency and equity: A case study of Ahmedabad, India|title=Urban Research Symposium 2007|location=Washington, DC|publisher=World Bank |chapter-url=http://www.worldbank.org/urban/symposium2007/papers/sapovadia.pdf|page=22|access-date=3 May 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090326080250/http://www.worldbank.org/urban/symposium2007/papers/sapovadia.pdf| archive-date= 26 March 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> [[Ahmedabad Cantonment]] provides residential zones for [[Indian Army]] officials.<ref name="Army plans to bridge accommodation deficit for staffers">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEP20050915065144&Page=P&Title=Nation&Topic=0 |title=Army plans to bridge accommodation deficit for staffers |date=16 September 2005 |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |publisher=New India Press |access-date=2 August 2008}}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ahmedabad's 2020 population is now estimated at 8,059,441. In 1950, the population of Ahmedabad was 854,959. Ahmedabad has grown by 950,155 since 2015, which represents a 2.54% annual change.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population|title=Ahmedabad Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)|access-date=22 July 2020|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722050040/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the UN World Population Prospects, the population might increase to 8,854,444 by 2025. It is also predicted to have a massive rise to 11,062,112 as early as 2035.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/|access-date=28 April 2021|website=population.un.org|archive-date=16 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816232627/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Poverty ===
In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, the textile mills that were responsible for much of Ahmedabad's wealth faced competition from automation and domestic specialty looms. Several mills closed down, leaving between 40,000 and 50,000 people without a source of income, and many moved into informal settlements in the city centre. The [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation|Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (AMC), the governing and administrative body of the city, simultaneously lost much of its tax base and saw an increased demand for services. In the 1990s, newly emerging pharmaceutical, chemical, and automobile manufacturing industries required skilled labor, so many migrants seeking work ended up in the informal sector and settled in slums.<ref name=":0">Bhatkal, Tanvi, William Avis, and Susan Nicolai. "A Cautionary Tale of Progress in Ahmedabad", n.d., 48.</ref>
Ahmedabad has made efforts to reduce poverty and improve the living conditions of poor residents. The urban poverty rate has declined from 28% in 1993–1994 to 10% in 2011–2012.<ref name=":0" /> This is partly due to the strengthening of the AMC and its partnership with several civil society organizations (CSOs) representing poor residents. Through projects and programs, the AMC has provided utilities and basic services to slums. However, some challenges remain, and there are still many residents who lack access to sanitation, improved water, and electricity. Riots, often rooted in religious tensions, threaten the stability of neighborhoods and have caused spatial segregation across religious and caste lines. Finally, the conception of pro-poor, inclusive development is being overshadowed by a national initiative promoting the creation of 'global cities' of capital investment and technological innovation. This has shifted priorities towards constructing new housing and attracting private development rather than servicing the urban poor.<ref name=":0" />
==== Informal housing and slums ====
As of 2011, about 66% of the population lives in formal housing. The other 34% lives in slums or ''chawls'', which are tenements for industrial workers. There are approximately 700 slum settlements in Ahmedabad, and 11% of the total housing stock is public housing. The population of Ahmedabad has increased while the housing stock has remained generally constant, and this has led to a rise in density of both formal and informal housing and a more economical usage of existing space. The Indian census estimates that the Ahmedabad slum population was 25.6% of the total population in 1991 and had decreased to 4.5% in 2011, but these numbers are contested and local entities maintain that the census underestimates informal populations. There is a consensus that there has been a reduction in the percentage of the population that lives in slum settlements, and that there has also been a general improvement in living conditions for slum residents.<ref name=":0" />
==== Slum Networking Project ====
In the 1990s, the AMC faced increased slum populations. They found that residents were willing and able to pay for legal connections to water, sewage, and electricity, but because of tenure issues, they were paying higher prices for low-quality, informal connections. To address this, beginning in 1995, the AMC partnered with civil society organizations to create the Slum Networking Project (SNP) to improve basic services in 60 slums, benefitting approximately 13,000 households.<ref name=":0" /> This project, also known as ''Parivartan (Change)'', involved [[participatory planning]] in which slum residents were partners alongside AMC, private institutions, microfinance lenders, and local NGOs. The goal of the program was to provide both physical infrastructure (including water supply, sewers, individual toilets, paved roads, storm drainage, and tree planting) and community development (i.e. the formation of resident associations, women's groups, community health interventions, and vocational training).<ref name=":1">World Bank. 2007. ''[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change The Slum Networking Project in Ahmedabad: partnering for change (English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092702/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change |date=29 April 2018}}''. Water and Sanitation Program case study. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change</ref> In addition, participating households were granted a minimum de facto tenure of ten years. The project cost a total of {{INR}}4,350 million. Community members and the private sector each contributed {{INR}}600 million, NGOs provided {{INR}}90 million, and the AMC paid for the rest of the project.<ref name=":1" /> Each slum household was responsible for no more than 12% of the cost of upgrading their home.<ref name=":0" />
This project has generally been regarded as a success. Having access to basic services increased the residents' working hours, since most work out of their homes. It also reduced the incidence of illness, particularly water-borne illness, and increased children's rates of school attendance.<ref>SEWA Academy (2002) ''Parivartan and its impact: A Partnership Programme of Infrastructure Development in Slums of Ahmedabad City''. SEWA Monograph. Ahmedabad: Self Employed Women's Association.</ref> The SNP received the 2006 UNHABITAT Dubai International Award for Best Practice to Improve the Living Environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=10305&catid=46&typeid=73|title=Dubai International Award for Best Practices Winners {{!}} Ahmedabad Slum Networking Programme|website=mirror.unhabitat.org|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425214638/http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=10305&catid=46&typeid=73|archive-date=25 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, concerns remain about the community's responsibility and capacity for the maintenance of the new infrastructure. Additionally, trust was weakened when the AMC demolished two of slums that were upgraded as part of SNP to create recreational parks.<ref name=":0" />
=== Religion and ethnicity ===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Ahmedabad City (2011)<ref name="census2011"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|13.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|3.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.85}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.24}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.24}}
}}
According to the 2011 census, [[Hindus]] are the predominant religious community in the city comprising 81.56% of the population followed by [[Muslims]] (13.51%), [[Jains]] (3.62%), Christians (0.85%) and [[Sikhs]] (0.24%).<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Buddhists]], people following other religions and those who didn't state any religion make up the remainder.
* Its (Marian) cathedral of [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel]] is the episcopal see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad]] ([[Latin Rite]]; established 1949), a [[suffragan]] of the Metropolitan of Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |title=Mount Carmel Cathedral |access-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020132/http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |archive-date=1 February 2018}} GCatholic, with Google satellite picture and links</ref>
* Most of the residents of Ahmedabad are native [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]]. The city is home to some 2000 [[Parsi people|Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrians]]) and some 125 members of the [[Bene Israel]] [[Jewish]] community.<ref>[http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll "Jews of Ahmedabad, India, welcome Torah scroll"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915035600/http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll |date=15 September 2012}} ''Jewish Journal''. 13 September 2012. 13 September 2012.</ref> There is also one synagogue in the city. [[Atheism]] is also on the rise in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web
|publisher  = Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs
|title      = The Last Jews in India and Burma
|url        = http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl101.htm
|first      = Nathan
|last        = Katz
|author2    = Ellen S. Goldberg
|access-date  = 27 April 2006
|url-status    = live
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902031415/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl101.htm
|archive-date = 2 September 2006
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name="High ageing rate, health problems worry Parsi community">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-22/ahmedabad/27229948_1_parsi-community-ageing-population|title=High ageing rate, health problems worry Parsi community|date=22 October 2001|access-date=1 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811034220/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-22/ahmedabad/27229948_1_parsi-community-ageing-population|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of Ahmedabad}}
[[File:Cloth map of ahmedabad.jpg|thumb|19th-century painted cloth map of Ahmedabad|252x252px]]
Ahmedabad lies at {{Coord|23.03|N|72.58|E|}} in [[western India]] at 53&nbsp;metres (174&nbsp;ft) above sea level on the banks of the [[Sabarmati]] river, in north-central Gujarat. It covers an area of {{convert|505|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name='Municipal Extensions'/><ref name='Municipalities have extension in Gujarat'/><ref name='AMC Expands'/><ref name="AMC">{{cite web|title=Amdavad city |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |work=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |access-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627122123/http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> The Sabarmati frequently dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water, and the city is in a sandy and dry area. However, with the execution of the [[Sabarmati Riverfront|Sabarmati River Front]] Project and Embankment, the waters from the [[Narmada River|Narmada]] river have been diverted to the Sabarmati to keep the river flowing throughout the year, thereby eliminating Ahmedabad's water problems. The steady expansion of the [[Rann of Kutch]] threatened to increase desertification around the city area and much of the state; however, the Narmada Canal network is expected to alleviate this problem. Except for the small hills of [[Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra]], the city is almost flat. Three lakes lie within the city's limits—[[Kankaria]], [[Vastrapur Lake|Vastrapur]] and Chandola. Kankaria, in the neighbourhood of [[Maninagar]], is an artificial lake developed by the Sultan of Gujarat, Qutb-ud-din, in 1451.<ref name="kankaria">{{Cite book|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers|publisher=Directorate of Govt, Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|year=1984 |page=46}}</ref>
According to the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], the town falls under [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone 3]], in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).<ref name="hazardprofile">{{cite web |url=http://www.caee.uottawa.ca/India.pdf |title=Performance of buildings during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake|access-date=3 August 2008 |work=Jag Mohan Humar, David Lau, and Jean-Robert Pierre|publisher=The Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070710000016/http://www.caee.uottawa.ca/India.pdf |archive-date = 10 July 2007}}</ref>
Ahmedabad is divided by the Sabarmati into two physically distinct eastern and western regions. The eastern bank of the river houses the old city, which includes the central town of [[Bhadra Fort|Bhadra]]. This part of Ahmedabad is characterised by packed [[bazaar]]s, the ''[[pol (housing)|pol]]'' system of closely clustered buildings, and numerous places of worship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5616 |title=Historic city of Ahmadabad - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=9 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120084421/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5616/ |archive-date=20 November 2011}}</ref> A Pol (pronounced as pole) is a housing cluster which comprises many families of a particular group, linked by [[caste]], [[profession]], or religion.<ref name="Others">{{cite book|title=Reader in Urban Sociology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEwOQh41NZMC&pg=PA179|access-date=15 February 2012|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-0-86311-152-5|pages=179–|year=1991|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602031957/http://books.google.com/books?id=fEwOQh41NZMC&pg=PA179|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Residential Cluster, Ahmedabad: Housing based on the traditional Pols|url=http://www.plea2009.arc.ulaval.ca/Papers/1.CHALLENGE/1.2%20City/POSTER/1-2-22-PLEA2009Quebec.pdf|work=arc.ulaval.ca/|access-date=15 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101300/http://www.plea2009.arc.ulaval.ca/Papers/1.CHALLENGE/1.2%20City/POSTER/1-2-22-PLEA2009Quebec.pdf|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> [[List of pols in Ahmedabad|This is a list of Pols]] in the [[Old Ahmedabad|old walled city]]<ref name="Others" /> of Ahmedabad in [[Gujarat]], India. Heritage of these Pols<ref>{{cite web|language=gu|last=Patel|first=Bholabhai|title=અમદાવાદની પોળ સંસ્કૃતિની એક મર્મસ્પર્શી ઝલક|url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/mag-amdavad-pol-culture-1888076.html|publisher=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|access-date=10 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228040941/http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/mag-amdavad-pol-culture-1888076.html|archive-date=28 February 2011|date=26 February 2011}}</ref> has helped Ahmedabad gain a place in [[UNESCO]]'s Tentative Lists, in [[World Heritage Site#Cultural criteria|selection criteria]] II, III and IV.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tentative Lists|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/state=in|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=10 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126154032/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/state=in|archive-date=26 January 2012}}</ref> The secretary-general of EuroIndia Centre quoted that if 12000 [[Havelis|homes]] of Ahmedabad are restored they could be very helpful in promoting heritage tourism and its allied businesses.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dave|first=Jitendra|title=Ahmedabad heritage set to conquer Spain|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-heritage-set-to-conquer-spain_1285803|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=10 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311101838/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-heritage-set-to-conquer-spain_1285803|archive-date=11 March 2011|date=28 August 2009}}</ref> The ''Art Reverie'' in ''Moto Sutharvado'' is [[Res Artis]] center.
The first pol in Ahmedabad was named ''Mahurat Pol''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaarso |url=http://www.vaarso.com/pols-of-ahmedabad.html |work=Ahmedabad Mirror |access-date=10 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202164619/http://www.vaarso.com/pols-of-ahmedabad.html |archive-date=2 February 2012}}</ref> Old city also houses the main railway station, the main post office, and some buildings of the Muzaffarid and British eras. The colonial period saw the expansion of the city to the western side of Sabarmati, facilitated by the construction of [[Ellis Bridge]] in 1875 and later the relatively modern [[Nehru Bridge]]. The western part of the city houses educational institutions, modern buildings, residential areas, shopping malls, multiplexes and new business districts centred around roads such as [[Ashram Road]], [[C. G. Road]] and [[Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Ahmedabad Chronicle: Imprints of a Millennium |publisher=Vastu-Shilpa Foundation for Studies and Research in Environmental Design |year=2002 | page=83 |chapter=Urban Structure and Growth}}</ref>
{{wide image|Ahmedabad Panorama 1.jpg|800px|There are nine bridges on the river Sabarmati that connect the eastern and western regions.|align-cap=center}}
Sabarmati Riverfront is a waterfront being developed along the banks of the Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad, India. Proposed in the 1960s, its construction began in 2005, opened in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabarmati River Front Time line |url=https://sabarmatiriverfront.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/History-copy.JPG}}</ref>
=== Climate ===
Ahmedabad has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: [[Hot semi-arid climate|BSh]]), with marginally less rain than required for a [[tropical savanna climate]]. There are three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Aside from the monsoon season, the climate is extremely dry. The weather is hot from March to June; the average summer maximum is {{convert|43|C|F|0}}, and the average minimum is {{convert|24|C|F}}. From November to February, the average maximum temperature is {{convert|30|C|F}}, and the average minimum is {{convert|13|C|F}}. Cold winds from the north are responsible for a mild chill in January. The southwest monsoon brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average annual rainfall is about {{convert|800|mm|in}}, but infrequent heavy torrential rains cause local rivers to flood and it is not uncommon for droughts to occur when the monsoon does not extend as far west as usual. The highest temperature in the city was recorded on 20 May 2016, with it reaching {{convert|48|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 May 2016 |title=Ahmedabad records hottest day in century as mercury hits 48 degrees Celcius |newspaper=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-records-hottest-day-in-century-as-mercury-hits-48-degrees-celcius-2809687/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520120224/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-records-hottest-day-in-century-as-mercury-hits-48-degrees-celcius-2809687/ |archive-date=20 May 2016}}</ref>
{{center|
{{Weather box
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| location = Ahmedabad (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 36.1
| Feb record high C = 40.6
| Mar record high C = 43.9
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 48.0
| Jun record high C = 47.2
| Jul record high C = 42.2
| Aug record high C = 40.4
| Sep record high C = 41.7
| Oct record high C = 42.8
| Nov record high C = 38.9
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C = 48.0
| Jan high C = 28.1
| Feb high C = 30.8
| Mar high C = 35.8
| Apr high C = 39.6
| May high C = 41.6
| Jun high C = 38.8
| Jul high C = 33.6
| Aug high C = 32.0
| Sep high C = 33.8
| Oct high C = 35.7
| Nov high C = 32.9
| Dec high C = 29.5
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Feb mean C = 22.5
| Mar mean C = 27.6
| Apr mean C = 31.7
| May mean C = 34.3
| Jun mean C = 33.1
| Jul mean C = 29.7
| Aug mean C = 28.5
| Sep mean C = 29.2
| Oct mean C = 28.5
| Nov mean C = 24.8
| Dec mean C = 21.4
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 12.4
| Feb low C = 14.3
| Mar low C = 19.5
| Apr low C = 23.9
| May low C = 27.0
| Jun low C = 27.5
| Jul low C = 25.9
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 24.7
| Oct low C = 21.4
| Nov low C = 16.7
| Dec low C = 13.4
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = 3.3
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Mar record low C = 9.4
| Apr record low C = 12.8
| May record low C = 19.1
| Jun record low C = 19.4
| Jul record low C = 20.4
| Aug record low C = 21.2
| Sep record low C = 17.2
| Oct record low C = 12.6
| Nov record low C = 8.3
| Dec record low C = 3.6
| year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.2
| Feb rain mm = 0.6
| Mar rain mm = 1.1
| Apr rain mm = 2.5
| May rain mm = 5.5
| Jun rain mm = 84.3
| Jul rain mm = 310.1
| Aug rain mm = 242.2
| Sep rain mm = 120.2
| Oct rain mm = 13.1
| Nov rain mm = 1.9
| Dec rain mm = 0.9
| year rain mm = 783.6
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Mar rain days = 0.2
| Apr rain days = 0.3
| May rain days = 0.3
| Jun rain days = 3.9
| Jul rain days = 11.3
| Aug rain days = 10.3
| Sep rain days = 6.1
| Oct rain days = 0.9
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| year rain days = 34.0
| Jan humidity = 49
| Feb humidity = 43
| Mar humidity = 37
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 47
| Jun humidity = 62
| Jul humidity = 77
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 71
| Oct humidity = 53
| Nov humidity = 48
| Dec humidity = 50
| year humidity = 55
| Jan dew point C = 9
| Feb dew point C = 10
| Mar dew point C = 10
| Apr dew point C = 14
| May dew point C = 19
| Jun dew point C = 23
| Jul dew point C = 25
| Aug dew point C = 25
| Sep dew point C = 24
| Oct dew point C = 19
| Nov dew point C = 14
| Dec dew point C = 11
| Jan sun = 287.3
| Feb sun = 274.3
| Mar sun = 277.5
| Apr sun = 297.2
| May sun = 329.6
| Jun sun = 238.3
| Jul sun = 130.1
| Aug sun = 111.4
| Sep sun = 220.6
| Oct sun = 290.7
| Nov sun = 274.1
| Dec sun = 288.6
| year sun =
| Jan uv = 6
| Feb uv = 8
| Mar uv = 11
| Apr uv = 12
| May uv = 12
| Jun uv = 12
| Jul uv = 12
| Aug uv = 12
| Sep uv = 11
| Oct uv = 9
| Nov uv = 7
| Dec uv = 6
| source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2012)<ref name=IMD>{{cite web
|url        = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/ahmedabad2.htm
|title      = Ahmedabad Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010
|publisher  = [[India Meteorological Department]]
|access-date  = 25 March 2015
|url-status  = dead
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111936/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/ahmedabad2.htm
|archive-date = 2 April 2015
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=IMD2>{{cite web
|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010
|publisher=India Meteorological Department
|access-date=16 May 2014
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316064314/http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
|archive-date=16 March 2014
}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M48
| access-date = 26 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityrainfall>
{{cite web
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42647
| title = Climatological Information - Ahmedabad (42647)
| publisher = India Meterological Department
| access-date = 8 August 2022}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/ahmadabad/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 18 July 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = NOAA (sun and humidity 1971–1990),<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42647.TXT
| title = Ahmedabad Climate Normals 1971–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 25 March 2015}}</ref> IEM ASOS (May record high)<ref name=IEM>{{cite web
|url        = http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/obhistory.php?network=IN__ASOS&station=VAAH&year=2016&month=05&day=18
|title      = VAAH Data for May 18, 2016
|publisher  = IEM
|access-date  = 21 May 2016
|url-status    = live
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160701022942/http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/obhistory.php?network=IN__ASOS&station=VAAH&year=2016&month=05&day=18
|archive-date = 1 July 2016
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/ahmedabad-climate
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Ahmedabad, India
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 12 June 2022
}}</ref>
| source =
}}}}
Following a [[heat wave]] in May 2010 reaching {{convert|46.8|C}} and claiming hundreds of lives,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/weather-researchers-fear--may-2010-heat-wave--may-return-to-city/944740/|title=Weather: Researchers fear 'May 2010 heat wave' may return to city|date=3 May 2012|first1=Mandar|last1=Chitre|first2=Adam|last2=Halliday|access-date=13 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/weather-researchers-fear--may-2010-heat-wave--may-return-to-city/944740/|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (AMC), in partnership with an international coalition of health and academic groups and with support from the [[Climate & Development Knowledge Network]], developed the Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heat Action Plan&nbsp;– Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation |url=http://www.egovamc.com/downloads/healthcare/healthpdf/heat_action_plan.pdf |publisher=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |access-date=28 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907053604/http://egovamc.com/Downloads/HealthCare/healthpdf/heat_action_plan.pdf |archive-date=7 September 2013}}</ref> Aimed at increasing awareness, sharing information and coordinating responses to reduce the health effects of heat on vulnerable populations, the action plan is the first comprehensive plan in Asia to address the threat of adverse heat on health.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2013/04/feature-ahmedabad-india-launches-heat-wave-preparation-and-warning-system/?loclang=en_gb Feature: Ahmedabad, India launches heat wave preparation and warning system] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604121442/http://cdkn.org/2013/04/feature-ahmedabad-india-launches-heat-wave-preparation-and-warning-system/?loclang=en_gb |date=4 June 2013}} [[Climate & Development Knowledge Network]]. Retrieved 31 July 2013.</ref> It also focuses on community participation, building public awareness of the risks of [[extreme heat]], training medical and community workers to respond to and help prevent heat-related illnesses, and coordinating an interagency emergency response effort when heat waves hit.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/resource/addressing-heat-related-risks-india/ Addressing heat-related risks in urban India: Ahmedabad's Heat Action Plan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712235253/http://cdkn.org/resource/addressing-heat-related-risks-india/ |date=12 July 2014}}, Dr Tejas Shah, Dr Dileep Mavalankar, Dr Gulrez Shah Azhar, Anjali Jaiswal and Meredith Connolly, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar and the Natural Resources Defense Council, 2014</ref>
=== Cityscape ===
Early in Ahmedabad's history, under [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]], builders fused Hindu craftsmanship with [[Persian architecture]], giving rise to the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style.<ref name="KishoreSharma"/> Many mosques in the city were built in this fashion.<ref name="KishoreSharma">{{cite book|author=B.R. Kishore|author2=Shiv Sharma|title=India&nbsp;– A Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COHI7LlpkSAC&pg=PA491|access-date=4 April 2012|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-284-0067-4|page=491|year=2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602032457/http://books.google.com/books?id=COHI7LlpkSAC&pg=PA491|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> [[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]] was built in the last year of the Sultanate of Gujarat. It is entirely arched and has ten stone latticework windows or [[jali]] on the side and rear arches. Private mansions or [[haveli]] from this era have carvings.<ref name="Others"/> A [[Pol (housing)|Pol]] is a typical housing cluster of [[Old Ahmedabad]].
After independence, modern buildings appeared in Ahmedabad. Architects given commissions in the city included [[Louis Kahn]], who designed the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM-A]]; [[Le Corbusier]], who designed the [[Villa Shodhan|Shodhan]] and [[Villa Sarabhai|Sarabhai Villa]]s, the [[Sanskar Kendra]] and the [[Mill Owners' Association Building]], and [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], who designed the administrative building of [[Calico Mills]] and the [[Calico Dome]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Yatin|last=Pandya|title=Calico dome: Crumbling crown of architecture|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/comment_calico-dome-crumbling-crown-of-architecture_1311809|work=Daily News and Analysis|location=India|access-date=24 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503202255/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/comment_calico-dome-crumbling-crown-of-architecture_1311809|archive-date=3 May 2010|date=15 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Parth|last=Shastri|title=Calico Dome: The icon of its time|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/ahmedabad/30285765_1_geodesic-dome-design-calico-dome|access-date=24 February 2012|date=16 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501232903/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/ahmedabad/30285765_1_geodesic-dome-design-calico-dome|archive-date=1 May 2013|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[B. V. Doshi]] came to the city from Paris to supervise Le Corbusier's works and later set up the [[CEPT University|School of Architecture]] (now CEPT). His local works include Sangath, [[Amdavad ni Gufa]], [[Tagore Memorial Hall]] and the School of Architecture. [[Charles Correa]], who became a partner of Doshi's, designed the [[Sabarmati Ashram|Gandhi Ashram]] and [[Achyut Kanvinde]], and the [[Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association]] complex.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-168251|title=Tagore hall|journal=Arts Asiatiques|year=1967|volume=60|last1=Doshi|first1=Balkrishna V.|last2=Tsuboi|first2=Yoshikatsu|last3=Raj|first3=Mahendra}}</ref><ref name="GansCorbusier2006">{{cite book|first1=Deborah|last1=Gans|title=The Le Corbusier guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsUvawMUeGsC&pg=PA211|access-date=4 April 2012|year=2006|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=978-1-56898-539-8|pages=211–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030907/http://books.google.com/books?id=qsUvawMUeGsC&pg=PA211|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="GargianiRosellini2011">{{cite book|author-link1=Roberto Gargiani|first1=Roberto|last1=Gargiani|first2=Anna|last2=Rosellini|title=Le Corbusier: Beton Brut and Ineffable Space (1940–1965): Surface Materials and Psychophysiology of Vision|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqwHOVYYVl0C&pg=PA417|access-date=4 April 2012|date=25 November 2011|publisher=[[EPFL Press]]|isbn=978-0-415-68171-1|pages=417–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030736/http://books.google.com/books?id=bqwHOVYYVl0C&pg=PA417|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> [[Christopher Charles Benninger]]'s first work, the Alliance Française, is located in the Ellis Bridge area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Christopher Charles Benninger Architects |url=http://www.ccba.in/alliance_writeup.htm |access-date=4 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404204446/http://www.ccba.in/alliance_writeup.htm |archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref> [[Anant Raje]] designed major additions to [[Louis Kahn]]'s [[Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad|IIM-A]] campus, namely the Ravi Mathai Auditorium and KLMD.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-01/surat/28153636_1_architecture-works-institution |title=He was a teacher and an institution |date=1 July 2009 |access-date=16 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-01/surat/28153636_1_architecture-works-institution |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=The Times of India |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Some of the most visited gardens in the city include [[Law Garden]], Victoria Garden and Bal Vatika. Law Garden was named after the College of Law situated close to it. Victoria Garden is located at the southern edge of the Bhadra Fort and contains a statue of [[Queen Victoria]]. Bal Vatika is a children's park situated on the grounds of [[Kankaria Lake]] and also houses an amusement park. Other gardens in the city include Parimal Garden, Usmanpura Garden, Prahlad Nagar Garden and Lal Darwaja Garden.<ref name="Law_garden">{{cite web|title=Law Garden Night Market|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/gujarat/ahmedabad-amdavad/shopping/other/law-garden-night|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=24 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126145749/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/gujarat/ahmedabad-amdavad/shopping/other/law-garden-night|archive-date=26 November 2011}}</ref>
Ahmedabad's Kamla Nehru Zoological Park houses a number of endangered species including flamingoes, [[caracal]]s, [[Dhole|Asiatic wolves]] and [[chinkara]].<ref name="cza">{{cite web|url=http://www.cza.nic.in/species.html |title=Endangered species Identified for breeding and their species coordinator |publisher=Central Zoo Authority India |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930232403/http://www.cza.nic.in/species.html |archive-date=30 September 2008}}</ref>
The [[Kankaria]] Lake, built in 1451 AD, is one of the biggest lakes in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gujarat-Daman-Diu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=Kankaria+1451&pg=PA31|access-date=1 June 2012|isbn=9788125013839|year=1998|last=Ward|first=Philip|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120726/https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=Kankaria+1451&pg=PA31|url-status=live}}</ref> In earlier days, it was known by the name ''Qutub Hoj'' or ''Hauj-e-Kutub''.<ref name="kndfg">{{cite news|title=Reminiscing the Kankaria Lake of yore|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_reminiscing-the-kankaria-lake-of-yore_1670566|author=Pandya, Yatin|newspaper=DNA India|access-date=1 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414145158/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_reminiscing-the-kankaria-lake-of-yore_1670566|archive-date=14 April 2012|date=2 April 2012}}</ref> Lal Bahadur Shastri lake in Bapunagar is almost 136,000 square metres. In 2010, another 34 lakes were planned in and around Ahmedabad of which five lakes will be developed by AMC; the other 29 will be developed by the [[Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority]] (AUDA).<ref>{{cite news|first=Ruturaj |last=Jadav |title=City of lakes-With 34 new lakes under development, Ahmedabad is set to pose a challenge to Udaipur |url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=2010041420100414024003550f8f5a989 |access-date=6 October 2012 |newspaper=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=14 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508223054/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=2010041420100414024003550f8f5a989 |archive-date=8 May 2013}}</ref> [[Vastrapur lake]] is a small artificial lake located in the western part of Ahmedabad. Beautified by local authorities in 2002, it is surrounded by greenery and paved walkways and has become a popular leisure spot for the citizens.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vastapur lake travel guide |url=https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-4541/vastrapur-lake |website=Trodly |access-date=9 May 2019 |archive-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509080905/https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-4541/vastrapur-lake |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chandola Lake]] covers an area of 1200 hectares. It is home to [[cormorants]], [[painted stork]]s and [[spoonbill]]s.<ref>It's a Jungle Out tHere [sic]. ''The Indian Express'', 18 August 2013</ref> During the evening time, many people visit this place and take a leisurely stroll.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ahmedabad.org.uk/lakes/chandola-lake.html|title=Chandola Lake|work=ahmedabad.org.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205110638/http://www.ahmedabad.org.uk/lakes/chandola-lake.html|archive-date=5 December 2012}}</ref> There is a recently developed lake in [[Naroda]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-get-ready-to-pay-entry-fee-at-naroda-lake-1394714|title=Get ready to pay entry fee at Naroda Lake|work=dna|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526114929/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-get-ready-to-pay-entry-fee-at-naroda-lake-1394714|archive-date=26 May 2015|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> and there is also the world's largest collection of antique cars in Kathwada at IB farm (Dastan Farm).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vccci.com/vintage-car-museum|title=VCCCI|work=vccci.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526111342/http://www.vccci.com/vintage-car-museum|archive-date=26 May 2015}}</ref> AMC has also developed the [[Sabarmati Riverfront]].<ref name="Mahadevia">{{cite book|first=Darshin|last=Mahadevia|title=Inside the Transforming Urban Asia: Processes, Policies and Public Actions|year=2008|publisher=Concept|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-8069-574-2|page=650|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKvxlYzTFkC&q=Sabarmati+riverfront|edition=1. publ.|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120717/https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKvxlYzTFkC&q=Sabarmati+riverfront|url-status=live}}</ref>
Looking at the health of traffic police staff deployed near the Pirana dump site, the [[Ahmedabad City Police]] is going to install outdoor [[air purifier]]s at traffic points so that the deployed staff can breathe fresh air.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465|title=Ahmedabad: Air purifiers to be installed near Pirana dumping site for traffic police|date=8 February 2019|website=dna|access-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204552/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465|archive-date=22 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:Mosque of Sidi Sayed Jaali.JPG|[[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]]
File:Jama Masjid Ahmedabad heritage.jpg|[[Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad]]
File:Pole 44.jpg|[[Pol (housing)|Pol]] area of [[Old Ahmedabad]]
File:Sabarmati riverside.jpg|[[Sabarmati Riverfront]]
File:Kankaria lake.JPG|[[Kankaria Lake]], Ahmedabad
</gallery>
{{clear}}
== Civic administration ==
[[File:Gujarat-High-Court.jpg|thumb|[[Gujarat High Court]] in Ahmedabad]]
Ahmedabad is the administrative headquarters of [[Ahmedabad district]], administered by the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (AMC). The AMC was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act of 1949. The AMC commissioner is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer appointed by the [[Government of Gujarat|state government]] who reserves the administrative executive powers, whereas the corporation is headed by the [[mayor of Ahmedabad]]. The city residents elect the 192 [[Councillor|municipal councillors]] by popular vote, and the elected councillors select the deputy mayor and mayor of the city. The  mayor, Bijal Patel, was appointed on 14 June 2018.<ref name="AhmMir-15Jun">{{cite news |title=Bijal Patel appointed city Mayor |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor/articleshow/64593445.cms |work=Ahmedabad Mirror |date=15 June 2018 |access-date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185401/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor/articleshow/64593445.cms |archive-date=25 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The administrative responsibilities of the AMC are: water and sewerage services, primary education, health services, fire services, public transport and the city's infrastructure.<ref name="AMC"/> AMC was ranked 9th out of 21 cities for "the best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.4 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nair|first1=Ajesh|title=Annual Survey of India's City-Systems|url=http://janaagraha.org/asics/images/Annual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf|website=janaagraha.org|publisher=Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy|access-date=7 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003215/http://janaagraha.org/asics/images/Annual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> Ahmedabad registers two accidents per hour.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-registers-two-accidents-per-hour-and-gujarat-18-emri-108/articleshow/66672987.cms|title=Ahmedabad registers two accidents per hour and Gujarat 18: EMRI 108 |work=The Times of India|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120231342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-registers-two-accidents-per-hour-and-gujarat-18-emri-108/articleshow/66672987.cms|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
The city is divided into seven zones constituting 48 wards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CCRS|url=http://www.amccrs.com/AMCPortal/View/ZonewiseWardList.aspx?m=ZoneWardList|access-date=30 May 2021|website=www.amccrs.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 May 2015|title=Delimitation order announced: Ahmedabad to have 48 wards|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/delimitation-order-announced-ahmedabad-to-have-48-wards/|access-date=30 May 2021|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The city's urban and suburban areas are administered by the [[Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority]] (AUDA).
* The city is represented by two elected members of parliament in the [[Lok Sabha]] (the lower house of the Indian Parliament) and 21 [[member of the Legislative Assembly|members of the Legislative Assembly]] at the Gujarat [[Vidhan Sabha]].
* The [[Gujarat High Court]] is located in Ahmedabad, making the city the judicial capital of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/ahemdabad_cityinfo.jsp|work=aai.aero/|title=City Information|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505035807/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/ahemdabad_cityinfo.jsp|archive-date=5 May 2012}}</ref> Law enforcement and public safety is maintained by the [[Ahmedabad City Police]], headed by the [[Police Commissioner]], an [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer.<ref name="Saikia new Ahmedabad police chief">{{Cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Saikia-new-Ahmedabad-police-chief/230451/ |title=Saikia new Ahmedabad police chief |date=20 October 2007 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125055049/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Saikia-new-Ahmedabad-police-chief/230451/ |archive-date=25 January 2008}}</ref>
=== Public services ===
* Health services are primarily provided at [[Ahmedabad civil hospital]], the largest civil hospital in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Manas|last=Dasgupta|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds|title=Civil Hospital planned as world's biggest hospital|date=25 September 2008|access-date=24 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075703/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds|archive-date=2 September 2012|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Electricity in the city is generated and distributed by [[Torrent Power]] Limited, owned and operated by the Ahmedabad Electricity Company, which was previously a state-run corporation.<ref name="torrent">{{cite web|url=http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm |title=Group Companies—The Ahmedabad Electricity Company Limited |publisher=Torrent Group |access-date=21 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092555/http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm |archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>Ahmedabad is one of the few cities in India where the power sector is privatised.<ref name="Vedavalli2007">{{cite book|first=Rangaswamy|last=Vedavalli|title=Energy for Development: Twenty-first Century Challenges of Reform and Liberalization in Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215|access-date=11 August 2012|date=13 March 2007|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-223-9|pages=215–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611234344/http://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215|archive-date=11 June 2013}}</ref>
== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Ahmedabad}}
[[File:Navratri Garba.jpg|thumb|[[Navaratri]] celebrations in Ahmedabad|200x200px]]
Ahmedabad observes a range of festivals. Celebrations and observances include [[Uttarayana|Uttarayan]], an annual kite-flying day on 14 and 15 January. Nine nights of [[Navratri]] are celebrated with people performing [[Garba (dance)|Garba]], the most popular folk dance of Gujarat, at venues across the city. The festival of lights, [[Diwali|Deepavali]], is celebrated with the lighting of lamps in every house, decorating the floors with [[rangoli]], and the lighting of [[firecracker]]s. The annual [[Rath Yatra]] procession on the ''Ashadh-sud-bij'' date of the [[Hindu calendar]] at the [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Jagannath Temple]], the festival of colours [[Holi]], celebrated on the last full moon day in the end of the winter and based on the lunisolar Hindu calendar, and the procession of ''Tajia'' during the Muslim holy month of [[Muharram]] are important events.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad all set for Tazias|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-all-set-for-tazias_1622170|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=6 December 2011|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120758/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ahmedabad-all-set-for-tazias-1622170|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad gets ready for colourful tazias|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-gets-ready-for-colourful-tazias_1328248|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=28 December 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630163749/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-gets-ready-for-colourful-tazias_1328248|archive-date=30 June 2012}}</ref>
One of the most popular dishes in Ahmedabad is a Gujarati ''[[thali]]'', which was first served commercially by Chandvilas Hotel in 1900.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Charmaine|title=The Penguin Food Guide to India|date=2013|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-575-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120721/https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290|url-status=live}}</ref> It consists of [[roti]] (Chapati), [[dal]], rice and {{transliteration|gu|shaak}} (cooked vegetables, sometimes with [[curry]]), with accompaniments of [[Indian pickle|pickles]] and roasted ''[[papad]]s''. Sweet dishes include [[laddu|laddoo]], [[mango]], and {{transliteration|gu|italic=no|vedhmi}}. ''Dhoklas'', {{transliteration|gu|theplas}} and {{transliteration|gu|dhebras}} are also very popular dishes in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Tarla|title=The Complete Gujarati Cookbook|date=2003|publisher=Sanjay & Co.|isbn=81-86469-45-1|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtEgtCJVucC&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA4|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120719/https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtEgtCJVucC&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA4|url-status=live}}</ref> Beverages include [[buttermilk]] and tea. Drinking alcohol is forbidden in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/were-beneficiaries-of-reverse-colonialism-boris/articleshow/60092530.cms|title=We're beneficiaries of reverse colonialism: Boris|date=17 August 2017|author=Naomi Canton|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824223606/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Were-beneficiaries-of-reverse-colonialism-Boris/articleshow/60092530.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>
There are many restaurants, which serve Indian and international cuisines. Most of the food outlets serve only vegetarian food, as a strong tradition of vegetarianism is maintained by the city's Jain and Hindu communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Food&nbsp;– IIMA|url=http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/institute/about-ahmedabad/food.html|publisher=iimahd.ernet.in|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626132252/http://iimahd.ernet.in/institute/about-ahmedabad/food.html|archive-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> The first all-vegetarian [[Pizza Hut]] in the world opened in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Made for India: Succeeding in a Market Where One Size Won't Fit All|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4358|work=India Knowledge@Wharton|publisher=The Wharton School|access-date=18 February 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194914/http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4358|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> KFC has a separate staff uniform for serving vegetarian items and prepares vegetarian food in a separate kitchen,<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC in Ahmedabad |url=http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/kfc/111135198 |publisher=Burrp.com [[Network 18]] |access-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605121835/http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/kfc/111135198 |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Nair|first=Avinash|title=Kentucky {{sic|Friend|nolink=y}} Chicken changes dress code for {{sic|vegeterian|nolink=y}} Gujarat|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-17/news/30289880_1_kfc-brand-kentucky-friend-chicken-vegetarian-menu|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=17 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501205406/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-17/news/30289880_1_kfc-brand-kentucky-friend-chicken-vegetarian-menu|archive-date=1 May 2013}}</ref> as does McDonald's.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hum dono hai alag alag|url=http://www.mcdonaldsindia.com/McDonald's-VegVsNonVegPressRels-HumDonoHaiAlaghAlagh-Aug'09.pdf|work=press release|publisher=[[McDonald's]] India|access-date=27 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016224558/http://mcdonaldsindia.com/McDonald's-VegVsNonVegPressRels-HumDonoHaiAlaghAlagh-Aug'09.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mcdonald's in Ahmedabad |url=http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/mcdonalds/183286326 |publisher=Burrp.com [[Network 18]] |access-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605130447/http://ahmedabad.burrp.com/brand/mcdonalds/183286326 |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> Ahmedabad has a quite a few restaurants serving typical [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughlai]] non-vegetarian food in older areas like Bhatiyar Gali, [[Kalupur]] and [[Jamalpur, Jaunpur|Jamalpur]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Ahmedabad Food |url=http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destinationlink.aspx?id=33&destinationid=50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612004722/http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destinationlink.aspx?id=33&destinationid=50 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2011 |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook Traveller]] |access-date=24 February 2012}}</ref>
[[Manek Chowk (Ahmedabad)|Manek Chowk]] is an open square near the centre of the city that functions as a vegetable market in the morning and a jewellery market in the afternoon. However, it is better known for its food stalls in the evening, which sell local [[street food]]. It is named after the Hindu saint Baba [[Maneknath]].<ref name="Desai2007">{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA106|access-date=26 June 2012|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|page=93|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030524/http://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA106|archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> Parts of Ahmedabad are known for their [[folk art]]. The artisans of Rangeela ''pol'' make [[tie-dye]]d ''[[Kerchief|bandhinis]]'', while the cobbler shops of Madhupura sell traditional ''mojdi'' (also known as ''mojri'') footwear. Idols of [[Ganesha]] and other religious icons are made in huge numbers in the Gulbai Tekra area. In 2019, there was a swing in the trend and people are adopting a more eco-friendly version of the Ganesha statue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/go-green-with-ganesha/articleshow/70917990.cms|title=Go green with Ganesha|last1=Paniker|first1=Shruti|date=31 August 2019|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902074133/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/go-green-with-ganesha/articleshow/70917990.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The shops at the [[Law Garden]] sell mirrorwork handicrafts.<ref name="Law_garden"/>
[[File:Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kalupur Ahmedabad Gujarat.jpg|thumb|left|[[Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad]]]]
Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of [[Gujarati literature]]: [[Gujarat Vidhya Sabha]], [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] and [[Gujarat Sahitya Sabha]]. [[Saptak School of Music]] festival is held in the first week of the new year. This event was inaugurated by [[Ravi Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule of Virasat&nbsp;— virasatfestival.org |url=http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events'13.pdf |publisher=virasatfestival.org |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212054005/http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events%2713.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saptak Music Festival|url=http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212750/http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>
The [[Sanskar Kendra]], one of the several buildings in Ahmedabad designed by [[Le Corbusier]], is a city museum depicting its history, art, culture and architecture. The [[Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya]] and the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial]] have permanent displays of photographs, documents and other articles relating to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Sardar Patel]]. The [[Calico Museum of Textiles]] has a large collection of Indian and international fabrics, garments and textiles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calicomuseum.com/ |title=The Calico Museum of Textiles |publisher=Calicomuseum.com |access-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601220001/http://calicomuseum.com/ |archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library]] has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]].{{citation needed |date=December 2015}} There is the Vechaar Utensils Museum which has stainless steel, glass, brass, copper, bronze, zinc and German silver tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16|title=Vechaar Utensils Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043906/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vechaar.com|title=Vechaar ~ Utensils Museum Vishalla Environmental Center for Heritage of Art Architecture and Research|last=Kaushalam|website=vechaar.com|access-date=18 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916004054/http://vechaar.com/|archive-date=16 September 2017}}</ref> The [[Conflictorium]] is an interactive installation space that explores conflict in society through art.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
Shreyas Foundation has four museums on the same campus. Shreyas Folk Museum (Lokayatan Museum) has art forms and artefacts from the communities of [[Gujarat]]. [[List of children's museums in India|Kalpana Mangaldas Children's Museum]] has a collection of toys, puppets, dance and drama costumes, coins and a repository of recorded music from traditional shows from all over the world. Kahani houses photographs of fairs and festivals of [[Gujarat]]. Sangeeta Vadyakhand is a gallery of musical instruments from India and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|title=Shreyas Folk Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043427/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |title=Shreyas Foundation |publisher=Shreyasfoundation.in |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105065734/http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |archive-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |title=Lokayatan Folk Museum |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165705/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>


The city was founded by Sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 A.D.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgU9DAAAQBAJ&dq=Ahmedabad++Founder&pg=PA279|title=Neo-Liberal Strategies of Governing India|last=Samaddar|first=Ranabir|date=2016-05-26|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317199694|pages=279|language=en}}</ref> But, the area around the city has been inhabited since the 11th century when it was known as ''Ashaval''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&dq=Ahmedabad+Ashaval&pg=PA37|title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set|last1=Bloom|first1=Jonathan|last2=Blair|first2=Sheila S.|last3=Blair|first3=Sheila|date=2009-05-14|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=9780195309911|pages=37|language=en}}</ref> The city was built on an elevated plain known as ''Bhadra'' on the eastern bank of Sabarmati River.
L D Institute of Indology houses 76,000 hand-written Jain manuscripts with 500 illustrated versions and 45,000 printed books, making it the largest collection of Jain scripts, Indian sculptures, terracottas, miniature paintings, cloth paintings, painted scrolls, bronzes, woodwork, Indian coins, textiles and decorative art, paintings of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and art of Nepal and Tibet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|title=L D Museum of Indology|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121045514/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> N C Mehta Gallery of Miniature Paintings has a collection of ornate miniature paintings and manuscripts from all over India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|title=N C Mehta Gallery|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042244/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>


In 1487, the city was fortified with an outer wall 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference by Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Sultan. The fortification consisted of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6,000+battlements.|title=India through the ages: history, art, culture, and religion|last=Kuppuram|first=G.|date=1988|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|isbn=9788185067094|language=en}}</ref>
In 1949 [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]] was established by the scientist [[Dr. Vikram Sarabhai]] and [[Bharat Natyam]] dancer [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], and thus Ahmemedabad city became the centre of [[Indian classical dance]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-21 |title=Dancer, patron of the arts Mrinalini Sarabhai: Her feet are footsteps in Ahmedabad's history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/dancer-patron-of-the-arts-mrinalini-sarabhai-her-feet-are-footsteps-in-ahmedabads-history/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


In 1573, the city was annexed by the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/asia/india/things-to-do-ahmadabad-unesco-world-heritage-site/|title=See Stunning Architecture in India's First World Heritage City|date=2018-04-25|website=Travel|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref> But, in the year 1758, Mughals surrendered the city to [[Marathas]] after the brief joint-rule from 1739-44.<ref name=":1" />
== Education ==
[[File:Gujrat university.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[:Gujarat University|Gujarat university, Ahmedabad]]]]
{{Main|Education in Ahmedabad}}
Ahmedabad had a [[literacy]] rate of 79.89% in 2001 which rose to 89.62 percent in 2011. As of 2011, the literacy rate among males and females were 93.96 and 84.81 percent, respectively.


== Governance ==
Among the several [[:Category:universities and colleges in Ahmedabad|universities in Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat University]] is the largest and claims to be the oldest;<ref>{{cite web|title=Gujarat University|url=http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/web/WebBriefHistory.asp|website=gujaratuniversity.org.in|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730065148/http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/web/WebBriefHistory.asp|archive-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> although the [[Gujarat Vidyapith]] was established in 1920 by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] – it received no charter from the [[British Raj]], becoming a [[deemed university]] only in 1963.<ref name="Gujarat Vidyapith: History">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/history.htm|title=Gujarat Vidyapith: History|publisher=Gujarat Vidyapith|access-date=19 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516203439/http://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/history.htm|archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref> A large number of colleges in the city are affiliated with Gujarat University.
Since July 1950, the city is governed by [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (AMC) in urban area and Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) in suburbs area. Both, provides a number of urban services such as water supply, roads construction, sanitation, primary education, city transport etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/89194/10/10chapter%201.pdf|title=Chapter 1, Introduction to Road Transport and Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service|website=Sodhganga, INFLIBNET|access-date=August 25, 2019}}</ref> In totality, the administration pf the city is divided into 14 talukas which includes 556 villages, 1 corporation, 1 cantonment area, and 7 municipalities.<ref name=":0" />
[[Gujarat Technological University]], [[CEPT University]], [[Nirma University]], [[IITRAM|Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM)]] and [[Ahmedabad University]] all date from this century. [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] has over 100,000 students enrolled on its distance learning courses.<ref name="universities">{{cite web |publisher=University Grants Commission, India |title= List of University (State wise)—Gujarat |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/univbrowse.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608111127/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/univbrowse.php?st=Gujarat |archive-date=8 June 2007 |access-date=30 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction|url=http://www.baou.edu.in/introduction|website=baou.edu.in|publisher=Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091109/http://www.baou.edu.in/introduction|archive-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>[[file:Louis Kahn Plaza, IIM Ahmedabad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]]]]Ahmedabad is home to the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]], which was ranked first among management institutes in the country by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/ManagementRanking.html|title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)|website=nirfindia.org|access-date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134654/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/ManagementRanking.html|archive-date=4 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Established in 1947 by the scientist [[Vikram Sarabhai]], the oldest of the [[:Category:research institutes in Ahmedabad|research institutes in Ahmedabad]], the [[Physical Research Laboratory]] is active in space science, astronomy, high-energy physics and other areas of research.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jain|first1=R.|last2=Dave|first2=H.|last3=Deshpande|first3=M. R.|title=Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SoXS) development at Physical Research Laboratory/ISRO|journal=Solar Encounter. Proceedings of the First Solar Orbiter Workshop |publisher=[[European Space Agency]]|page=109|date=September 2001|volume=493 |bibcode=2001ESASP.493..109J}} {{bibcode|2006JApA...27..175J}}</ref>
The [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]], established in 1949 by [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], was listed by UNESCO as an institution active in the "Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage".<ref>{{cite web|title=Intangible Cultural Heritage|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002342/234289m.pdf|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|date=5 February 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221553/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002342/234289m.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Decision of the Intergovernmental Committee: 2.COM 4 – intangible heritage – Culture Sector|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/Decisions/2.COM/4|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=15 December 2017|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120805/https://ich.unesco.org/en/Decisions/2.COM/4|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Schools in Ahmedabad are either run publicly by the municipal corporation, or privately by entities, trusts and corporations. The majority of schools are affiliated with the [[Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board]], although some are affiliated with the [[Central Board for Secondary Education]], [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]], [[IB Diploma Programme|International Baccalaureate]] and [[National Institute of Open Schooling|National Institute of Open School]].
 
== Media ==
[[File:Ahmedabad DoordarshanTower.jpg|thumb|left|Broadcasting tower of the Ahmedabad Doordarshan|200x200px]]
 
Newspapers in Ahmedabad include English dailies such as ''The Times of India'', ''[[Indian Express]]'', ''[[Daily News & Analysis|DNA]]'', ''[[The Economic Times]]'', ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'', ''[[Ahmedabad Mirror]]'' and ''Metro''.<ref name="newspapersss">{{cite web|title=Ahmedabad Newspapers |url=http://www.allyoucanread.com/ahmedabad-newspaper-india/ |publisher=All you can read |access-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602012638/http://www.allyoucanread.com/ahmedabad-newspaper-india/ |archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> Newspapers in other languages include ''[[Divya Bhaskar]]'', ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'', ''[[Sandesh (newspaper)|Sandesh]]'', ''[[Rajasthan Patrika]]'', ''[[Sambhaav]]'', and ''Aankhodekhi''.<ref name=newspapersss /> The city is home to the historic [[Navajivan Trust|Navajivan Publishing House]], which was founded in 1919 by Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi copyright breathes life into Navjivan Trust|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-01/ahmedabad/27179585_1_printing-press-navjivan-trust-gandhiji|access-date=1 June 2012|date=1 October 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501202732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-01/ahmedabad/27179585_1_printing-press-navjivan-trust-gandhiji|archive-date=1 May 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
The state-owned [[All India Radio]] Ahmedabad is broadcast both on [[medium wave|medium wave bands]] and FM bands (96.7&nbsp;MHz) in the city.<ref name="Radio">{{cite web |publisher=All India Radio |title=requency Schedule for 30 March 2008 to 26 October 2008 |url=http://www.allindiaradio.org/schedule/freq_wr.html |access-date=23 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518021513/http://allindiaradio.org/schedule/freq_wr.html |archive-date=18 May 2008}}</ref> It competes with five private local FM stations: [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] (91.1&nbsp;MHz), [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]] (93.5&nbsp;MHz), My FM (94.3&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio One (India)|Radio One]] (95.0&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio Mirchi]] (98.3&nbsp;MHz) and Mirchi Love (104&nbsp;MHz). [[Gyan Vani]] (104.5&nbsp;MHz) is an educational FM radio station run under the media co-operation model.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gyan Vani to be expanded|url=http://hindu.com/2001/07/30/stories/14302187.htm|access-date=6 October 2012|date=29 July 2001|location=Chennai, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110234907/http://hindu.com/2001/07/30/stories/14302187.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref> In March 2012, [[Gujarat University]] started a campus radio service on 90.8&nbsp;MHz, which was the first of its kind in the state and the fifth in India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ahmed|first=Syed Khalique|title=GU launches first campus FM radio station in state, fifth in country|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gu-launches-first-campus-fm-radio-station-in-state-fifth-in-country/930856/1|access-date=6 October 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=31 March 2012}}</ref>
 
The state-owned television broadcaster [[Doordarshan]] provides free terrestrial channels, while three [[multi system operator]]s—InCablenet, [[Siti Cable]] and GTPL—provide a mix of Gujarati, Hindi, English, and other regional channels via [[cable television|cable]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Paras|title=Historic silence: Staff strike switches off Akashvani, Doordarshan in Gujarat|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_historic-silence-staff-strike-switches-off-akashvani-doordarshan-in-gujarat_1471296|access-date=27 June 2012|newspaper=DNA India|date=24 November 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316141046/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_historic-silence-staff-strike-switches-off-akashvani-doordarshan-in-gujarat_1471296|archive-date=16 March 2011}}</ref> Telephone services are provided by landline and mobile operators such as [[Jio]], [[BSNL Mobile]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], and [[Vodafone Idea Limited|Vodafone Idea]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Haslam|first=Catherine|title=A Guide to India's Telecom Market|url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=175079&print=yes|work=lightreading.com|publisher=Light reading Asia|access-date=27 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311143207/http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=175079&print=yes|archive-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>
{{clear}}


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
For a long time, the city has been known for its textile mills and have been dubbed as ''"Manchester of the East".''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118822531.ch38|title=Forty Ways To Think About Architecture|last=Perry|first=Victoria|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|isbn=9781118822531|pages=249–253|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781118822531.ch38}}</ref> In 1861, the first textile mill was opened and gradually, the whole sector grew through city's own traditional culture and passion for [[entrepreneurship]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spodek|first=Howard|date=1969|title=Traditional Culture and Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Ahmedabad|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40737346|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=4|issue=8|pages=M27–M31|issn=0012-9976|jstor=40737346}}</ref> Besides textile, Ahmedabad is also known for being [[automotive]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Rise-of-an-Auto-hub/articleshow/50791613.cms|title=Rise of an Auto hub {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|author=Piyush Mishra|date=January 31, 2016|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref> and [[pharmaceutical]] manufacturing hub.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/gujarats-contribution-surged-in-pharma-to-become-global-hub-assocham/articleshow/19802815.cms?from=mdr|title=Gujarat's contribution surged in pharma, to become global hub: ASSOCHAM|last=Dutta|first=Vishal|date=2013-04-30|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref>
{{Main|Economy of Ahmedabad}}
[[File:SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg|thumb|[[Torrent Power]] thermal power station at Sabarmati, Ahmedabad|200x200px]]
 
The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad was estimated at US$80&nbsp;billion in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engineering Expo&nbsp;– Ahmedabad |url=http://www.mpponline.in/events/engineering-expo-ahmedabad/ |publisher=mpponline.in |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010809/http://www.mpponline.in/events/engineering-expo-ahmedabad/ |archive-date=28 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Know the 10 most developed Indian cities based on GDP|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/latest-news-10-most-developed-indian-cities-gdp-32256.html?page=8|work=IndiaTVNews|access-date=27 May 2014|date=9 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527211837/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/latest-news-10-most-developed-indian-cities-gdp-32256.html?page=8|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> The RBI ranked Ahmedabad as the seventh largest deposit centre and seventh largest credit centre nationwide as of June 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 10 Indian Cities and Their Major Industrial Activities|url=http://listice.com/top-10-indian-cities-and-their-major-industrial-activities/|work=Listice|access-date=27 May 2014|date=3 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214041/http://listice.com/top-10-indian-cities-and-their-major-industrial-activities/|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> In the 19th century, the textile and garments industry received strong capital investment. On 30 May 1861 [[Ranchhodlal Chhotalal]] founded the first Indian textile mill, the [[Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Limited]],<ref name="Textile industry of Ahmedabad">{{cite web|url=http://atmaahd.com/textahme.htm|title=Textile industry of Ahmedabad|publisher=Ahmedabad Textile Mills' Association|access-date=25 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212052029/http://www.atmaahd.com/textahme.htm|archive-date=12 December 2008}}</ref> followed by the establishment of a series of textile mills such as [[Calico Mills]], Bagicha Mills and [[Arvind Mills]]. By 1905 there were about 33 textile mills in the city.<ref name="History of textile industry in Ahmedabad">{{cite web|url=http://www.taindia.com/history.htm|title=History of textile industry in Ahmedabad|publisher=Textile Association of India|access-date=22 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225235612/http://www.taindia.com/history.htm|archive-date=25 December 2008}}</ref> The textile industry expanded further at a rapid rate during the [[First World War]], and benefited from the influence of Mahatma Gandhi's [[Swadeshi movement]], which promoted the purchase of Indian-made goods.<ref>
{{Cite book
  |title=The Ahmedabad Chronicle: Imprints of a Millennium
  |publisher=Vastu-Shilpa Foundation for Studies and Research in Environmental Design
  |year=2002
  |page=34
  |chapter=Industry and Commerce}}</ref> Ahmedabad was known as the "Manchester of the East" for its textile industry.<ref name="manchester"/> The city is the largest supplier of denim and one of the largest exporters of [[gemstone]]s and jewellery in India.<ref name="jnnurm"/> The [[Automotive industry in India|automobile industry]] is also important to the city; after [[Tata Group|Tata's]] [[Tata Nano|Nano]] project, [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[Suzuki]] are planning to establish plants near Ahmedabad while the [[Groundbreaking]] ceremony for [[Peugeot]] has already been performed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Groundbreaking performed for Peugeot plant at Sanand site in Gujarat|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2011/11/02/groundbreaking-ceremony-for-peugeot-plant-today/|publisher=deshgujarat.com|access-date=24 February 2012|date=2 November 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107053051/http://deshgujarat.com/2011/11/02/groundbreaking-ceremony-for-peugeot-plant-today/|archive-date=7 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=[[Reuters]]|title=Suzuki to pick Gujarat for new $1.3 bln plant|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/suzuki-to-pick-gujarat-for-new-1-3-bln-plant/articleshow/9976365.cms|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=14 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ford bets big on India, to build plant in Gujarat|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-58494820110728|work=Reuters|access-date=24 February 2012|date=28 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315195519/http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/07/28/idINIndia-58494820110728|archive-date=15 March 2012}}</ref>
 
The [[Ahmedabad Stock Exchange]], located in the Ambavadi area of the city, is India's second oldest stock exchange.<ref>{{cite news|title=ASE to sell off iconic Manekchowk building|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ase-to-sell-off-iconic-manekchowk-building_1698792|access-date=7 June 2012|newspaper=DNA India|date=6 June 2012|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120837/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ase-to-sell-off-iconic-manekchowk-building-1698792|url-status=live}}</ref> Two of the biggest [[Pharmaceutical industry in India|pharmaceutical companies of India]]&nbsp;— [[Zydus Cadila]] and [[Torrent Pharmaceuticals]]&nbsp;– are based in the city. The [[Nirma]] group of industries, which runs detergent and chemical industrial units, has its corporate headquarters in the city. The city houses the corporate headquarters of the [[Adani Group]], a multinational trading and infrastructure development company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adani.com/contact.aspx|title=Adani Group locations|work=Adani.com|access-date=7 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529103602/http://www.adani.com/contact.aspx|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> The [[Sardar Sarovar Project]] of dams and canals has improved the supply of potable water and electricity for the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=Narmada water reaches Ahmedabad |url=http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2001/03/14/stories/141460l2.htm |work=[[Business Line]] |access-date=24 February 2012 |date=14 March 2001 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723170131/http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2001/03/14/stories/141460l2.htm |archive-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> The [[Information technology in India|information technology]] industry has developed significantly in Ahmedabad, with companies such as [[Tata Consultancy Services]] opening offices in the city.<ref name="Ahmedabad, Kolkata among new global hotspots">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/dec/11spec.htm|title=Ahmedabad, Kolkata among new global hotspots|first=Nitasha|last=Tiku|date=11 December 2007|publisher=Rediff|access-date=22 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211204001/http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/dec/11spec.htm|archive-date=11 December 2008}}</ref> A [[NASSCOM]] survey in 2002 on the "Super Nine Indian Destinations" for IT-enabled services ranked Ahmedabad fifth among the top nine most competitive cities in the country.<ref name="Ahmedabad joins ITES hot spots">{{Cite news|url=http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |title=Ahmedabad joins ITES hot spots |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2002 |access-date=30 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103080350/http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> The city's educational and industrial institutions have attracted students and young skilled workers from the rest of India.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Ahmedabad|url=http://www.ozoneindiagroup.com/about_ahmedabad.htm|publisher=ozoneindiagroup|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413033417/http://www.ozoneindiagroup.com/about_ahmedabad.htm|archive-date=13 April 2014}}</ref>
Ahmedabad houses other major Indian corporates such as [[Cadila Healthcare]], [[Rasna]], [[Gujarat Tea Processors & Packers Ltd|Wagh Bakri]], [[Nirma]], [[Cadila Pharmaceuticals]], and [[Intas Biopharmaceuticals]]. Ahmedabad is the second largest cotton textile centre in India after Mumbai and the largest in Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|first=Smriti|last=Chand|title=Cotton Textile Industry in India: Production, Growth and Problems|date=9 December 2013 |url=http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/industries/cotton-textile-industry-in-india-production-growth-and-problems/19704/|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010043/http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/industries/cotton-textile-industry-in-india-production-growth-and-problems/19704/|archive-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Many cotton manufacturing units operate in and around Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Soma Textiles & Industries, Ltd|url=https://www.somatextiles.com|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005206/https://www.somatextiles.com/|archive-date=28 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kumar Textile Industries |url=http://www.kumartextile.com |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517173532/http://kumartextile.com/ |archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Textiles:: Reliance Industries Limited |url=http://www.ril.com/html/business/textiles.html |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220257/http://www.ril.com/html/business/textiles.html |archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Growth of Cotton Textile Industry in Ahmedabad|url=http://www.importantindia.com/4685/growth-of-cotton-textile-industry-in-ahmedabad/|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212819/http://www.importantindia.com/4685/growth-of-cotton-textile-industry-in-ahmedabad/|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Vipul|title=Longman Vistas 8|date=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-2910-6|page=174|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BY5squlyzXcC&q=textiles+in+major+industry+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA174|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120900/https://books.google.com/books?id=BY5squlyzXcC&q=textiles+in+major+industry+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA174|url-status=live}}</ref> Textiles are one of the major industries of the city.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mehta|first=Makrand|title=The Ahmedabad Cotton Textile Industry: Genesis and Growth|date=1982|publisher=New Order Book Co}}</ref> Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation has acquired land in [[Sanand]] taluka of Ahmedabad to set up three new industrial estates.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dave|first=Kapil|title=Six new GIDC estates to come up in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/six-new-gidc-estates-to-come-up-in-ahmedabad-gandhinagar/791016/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=27 May 2014|date=15 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220623/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/six-new-gidc-estates-to-come-up-in-ahmedabad-gandhinagar/791016/|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>


== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==
[[File:Sabarmati Railway Station.JPG|thumb|Sabarmati Railway Station]]
[[File:Ahmedabad BRTS.jpg|thumb|Ahmedabad BRTS]]
[[File:Ahmedabad Airport Terminal 2.jpg|thumb|[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]], Ahmedabad]]
=== Air ===
[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]], {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from the city centre, provides domestic and international flights for Ahmedabad and the capital [[Gandhinagar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ourairports.com/airports/VAAH/routes/ | title=Routes to/from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport | publisher=Our Airports | access-date=26 June 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608020448/http://www.ourairports.com/airports/VAAH/routes/ | archive-date=8 June 2012 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is the busiest airport in Gujarat and the [[List of busiest airports in India by passenger traffic|seventh-busiest]] in India in terms of passenger traffic.<ref name="traffic_stats2">{{cite web|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex2.pdf|title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-II|work=[[Airports Authority of India]]|date=1 May 2019|access-date=1 May 2019|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224637/https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k18annex2.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Ahmedabad airport was earlier managed by [[Airports Authority of India]] and was leased to the city-based [[Adani Group]] in November 2020 for operations and maintenance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adani Group takes over Ahmedabad airport on lease for 50 years, starts operations|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/adani-group-takes-over-ahmedabad-airport-on-lease-for-50-years-starts-operations/story/421427.html|access-date=20 June 2021|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=8 November 2020 }}</ref>  The [[Dholera International Airport]] is proposed to be built near [[Fedara]]. It will be the largest airport in India with a total area of 7,500 hectares.<ref name="Federa">{{cite news|title=Federa, father of all airports|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-30/ahmedabad/28132955_1_new-airport-third-runway-airports-authority|access-date=31 May 2012|date=30 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026132458/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-30/ahmedabad/28132955_1_new-airport-third-runway-airports-authority|archive-date=26 October 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==== Seaplane ====
The first seaplane service in India started between Ahmedabad and the [[Statue of Unity|Statue of Unity, Kevadia]], on 31 October 2020. The 19-seater plane makes four trips daily between the two destinations.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Langa|first1=Mahesh|last2=Chandra|first2=Jagriti|date=31 October 2020|title=PM Modi inaugurates seaplane services to Statue of Unity|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-launches-seaplane-service-in-gujarat/article32989740.ece|access-date=27 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
=== Rail ===
Ahmedabad is one of six operating divisions in the [[Western Railway zone]].<ref name="WR Organisation">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wr.indianrail.gov.in/organisation.htm|title=Organisation|publisher=Western Railways|access-date=4 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619140115/http://www.wr.indianrail.gov.in/organisation.htm|archive-date=19 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ahmedabad railway station]], locally known as Kalupur station, is the main terminus to differentiate it from other suburban railway stations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/search/%22list+of+railway+stations+in+ahmedabad%22/@23.0291775,72.6003249,19z | title=railway stations near Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India | publisher=Google Maps | access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> It is the centre point for railway stations in Gujarat and the Western Railway zone, so many lines begin from here, connecting the city to elsewhere in [[Gujarat]] and India. Other main stations are also present, which connect to different cities, such as [[Sabarmati Junction]], {{stnlnk|Maninagar}},
{{stnlnk|Gandhigram}},
{{stnlnk|Asarva}},
{{stnlnk|Chandlodiya}}, etc.
==== Ahmedabad Metro ====
[[Ahmedabad Metro]] has been under construction since March 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_new-firm-to-speed-up-metro-in-ahmedabad_1252343 |title=New firm to speed up Metro in Ahmedabad |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=2 May 2009 |access-date=27 July 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529170329/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_new-firm-to-speed-up-metro-in-ahmedabad_1252343 |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="DeshGuj32015">{{cite web | author=DeshGujarat | title=First 6&nbsp;km works of Ahmedabad Metro to be completed by September 2016:CM | website=DeshGujarat | date=14 March 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/03/14/first-6-km-works-of-ahmedabad-metro-to-complete-by-september-2016cm/ | access-date=12 April 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404045909/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/03/14/first-6-km-works-of-ahmedabad-metro-to-complete-by-september-2016cm/ | archive-date=4 April 2015 | df=dmy-all}}</ref>  <ref name="aa2015">{{cite web | title=Ahmedabad Metro set to roll by October 2017 | website=The Times of India | date=12 December 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Ahmedabad-Metro-set-to-roll-by-October-2017/articleshow/50146882.cms | access-date=16 December 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214090351/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Ahmedabad-Metro-set-to-roll-by-October-2017/articleshow/50146882.cms | archive-date=14 December 2015 | df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="The Hans India 2015">{{cite web | title=IL&FS; Engineering Services Bags Rs. 374.64 Cr Metro Rail Contract in Gujarat | website=The Hans India | date=15 December 2015 | url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-12-15/ILFS-Engineering-Services-Bags-Rs-37464-Cr-Metro-Rail-Contract-in-Gujarat---193217 | access-date=16 December 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104615/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-12-15/ILFS-Engineering-Services-Bags-Rs-37464-Cr-Metro-Rail-Contract-in-Gujarat---193217 | archive-date=22 December 2015 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> The first phase of the Ahmedabad metro is 40&nbsp;km long; 6.5&nbsp;km is underground and the remaining stretch is elevated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ashaval.com/the-metro-mechanism-087479/|title=The Metro Mechanism of Ahmedabad|last=Rai|first=Neha|date=30 August 2018|website=Ashaval.com|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111320/https://ashaval.com/the-metro-mechanism-087479/|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] inaugurated the first section between Vastral Gam and Apparel Park on 4 March 2019 and was opened to public on 6 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/ahmedabad-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-flags-off-ahmedabad-metro-takes-inaugural-ride-2002544|title=PM Modi Flags Off Ahmedabad Metro, Takes Inaugural Ride|website=NDTV.com|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304202348/https://www.ndtv.com/ahmedabad-news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-flags-off-ahmedabad-metro-takes-inaugural-ride-2002544|archive-date=4 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The rest of the Phase-1 was inaugurated on 30 September 2022.<ref name="ix12">{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/pm-modi-to-launch-ahmedabad-metro-phase-1-flag-off-vande-bharat-express-8177573/lite/ | title=PM Modi to launch Ahmedabad Metro Phase 1, flag off Vande Bharat Express during two-day Gujarat visit | date=28 September 2022 }}</ref> The construction of the Phase-2 was started in 2021 connecting Gandhinagar.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Very important gifts for Ahmedabad, Surat': PM Modi launches metro rail projects in Gujarat|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/pm-modi-bhoomi-poojan-ahmedabad-metro-phase-2-surat-metro/708480|access-date=18 January 2021|website=[[Times Now]] |archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125141746/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/pm-modi-bhoomi-poojan-ahmedabad-metro-phase-2-surat-metro/708480|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Road ===
[[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]] passes through Ahmedabad and connects it with [[New Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]]. The [[National Highway 147 (India)|National Highway 147]] also links Ahmedabad to Gandhinagar. It is connected to [[Vadodara]] through [[Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway|National Expressway 1]], a {{convert|94|km|mi|abbr=on}}-long expressway with two exits. This expressway is part of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.blonnet.com/2003/01/30/stories/2003013001841300.htm|title=PM flags off Ahmedabad expressway|work=Business Line|date=30 January 2003|access-date=30 July 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102922/http://www.blonnet.com/2003/01/30/stories/2003013001841300.htm|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref>
In 2001, Ahmedabad was ranked as the most-polluted city in India out of 85 cities by the Central Pollution Control Board. The [[Gujarat Pollution Control Board]] gave auto rickshaw drivers an incentive of {{Indian rupee}}10,000 to convert the fuel of all 37,733 auto rickshaws in Ahmedabad to cleaner-burning [[compressed natural gas]] to reduce pollution. As a result, in 2008, Ahmedabad was ranked as 50th most-polluted city in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Economy/Ahmedabad_riding_clean_fuel_wave/articleshow/3347029.cms |title=Ahmedabad riding clean fuel wave to healthier future |work=The Economic Times |location=India |access-date=10 August 2008 |date=10 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103090303/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Economy/Ahmedabad_riding_clean_fuel_wave/articleshow/3347029.cms |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref>
=== Bus ===
==== Ahmedabad BRTS ====
''[[Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System|Ahmedabad BRTS]]'' is a [[bus rapid transit]] system in the city. It is operated by Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, a subsidiary of [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] and others.<ref name="owa">{{cite web | title=About-Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd | website=Ahmedabad BRTS | url=http://www.ahmedabadbrts.org/web/About_JanMarg.html | access-date=12 January 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000224/http://www.ahmedabadbrts.org/web/About_JanMarg.html | archive-date=5 March 2016 | df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="abrt">{{cite web | url=http://www.niua.org/projects/tpt/AHMEDABAD%20BRTS.pdf | title=Ahmedabad BRTS:Urban Transport Initiatives in India: Best Practices in PPP | publisher=National Institute of Urban Affairs | year=2010 | access-date=5 January 2013 | pages=18–48 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514121650/http://niua.org/projects/tpt/AHMEDABAD%20BRTS.pdf | archive-date=14 May 2012 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> Inaugurated in October 2009, the network expanded to {{convert|89|km|mi}} by December 2015 with daily ridership of {{formatnum:132000}} passengers.<ref name="x12016">{{cite web | title=City's BRTS didn't enhance public transport usage | website=The Times of India | date=5 January 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Citys-BRTS-didnt-enhance-public-transport-usage/articleshow/50450129.cms | access-date=12 January 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208160833/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Citys-BRTS-didnt-enhance-public-transport-usage/articleshow/50450129.cms | archive-date=8 February 2016 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service]] (AMTS), maintained by [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]], runs the public bus service in the city.<ref name="AMTS">{{cite news|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2009/02/03/highlites-of-ahmedabad-civic-budget-2009-10/|access-date=1 June 2012|newspaper=Desh Gujarat|date=3 February 2012|title=Highlights of Ahmedabad civic budget 2009–10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219174052/http://deshgujarat.com/2009/02/03/highlites-of-ahmedabad-civic-budget-2009-10/|archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> More than 750 AMTS buses serve the city.<ref name="AMTS" /> Ahmedabad BRTS also runs 50 electric buses apart from CNG and diesel busses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vtvgujarati.com/news-details/brts-new-electric-bus-in-ahmedabad|title=Ahmedabad BRTS electric bus|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230145456/https://www.vtvgujarati.com/news-details/brts-new-electric-bus-in-ahmedabad|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Ahmedabad Inner Ring Road Skyline.jpg|thumb|Ahmedabad 132 feet Ring Road Skyline]]
==== AMTS ====
[[Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service]] is a public bus service launched on 1 April 1947 and solely operated by [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]. It has a fleet of more than 900 buses as of 2018 covering almost every part of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gujarat govt approaches HC for purchase of heavy diesel vehicles - ET Auto|url=http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/commercial-vehicle/mhcv/gujarat-govt-approaches-hc-for-purchase-of-heavy-diesel-vehicles/57750631|access-date=27 July 2021|website=ETAuto.com}}</ref>
=== Bike ===
A bicycle renting and sharing service was started in Ahmedabad in 2013 by [[MYBYK]]. The project started with 200 bicycles and aimed to provide bicycles for commuting from one BRTS station to another. As of 2021, it had 150 bicycle hubs with a fleet of 6,000 bicycles, making Ahmedabad India's largest public bicycle share (PBS) city.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2021|first=Niyati |last=Parikh|title=Amdavadi firm aims to make city country's bicycle capital {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/amdavadi-firm-aims-to-make-city-countrys-bicycle-capital/articleshow/83509423.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2021|first=Niyati|last=Parikh|title=The 'cycling' shift in Ahmedabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/thecycling-shift-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/83674480.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
== Sports ==
[[Cricket in India|Cricket]] is one of the most popular sports in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sports in Ahmedabad|url=http://www.ahmedabadonline.in/city-guide/sports-in-ahmedabad|publisher=ahmedabadonline|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220715/http://www.ahmedabadonline.in/city-guide/sports-in-ahmedabad|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], also known as ''[[Motera]] Stadium'', originally ''[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium]]'' built in 1982, hosts both [[one day international]]s and [[Test cricket|test matches]]. It is the [[List of stadiums by capacity|largest stadium in the world by capacity]], with a seating capacity of 132,000 spectators.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/motera-stadium-worlds-largest-cricket-stadium/article30942091.ece|title=All about Motera stadium, the largest cricket stadium in the world|work=The Hindu|date=28 February 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202225901/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/motera-stadium-worlds-largest-cricket-stadium/article30942091.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> It hosted the 1987, 1996 and 2011 [[Cricket World Cup]]s.<ref name="Indian Grounds">{{cite news|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC96/GROUNDS/IND/|title=Indian Grounds|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204194133/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC96/GROUNDS/IND/|archive-date=4 December 2008}}</ref> This is the home ground of [[first-class cricket|first-class]] team [[Gujarat cricket team]], which competes in domestic tournaments. Ahmedabad has a second cricket stadium at the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation's [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad|Sports Club of Gujarat]].<ref name="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium">{{cite news|url=http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57852.html|title=Sardar Patel Stadium|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010025055/http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57852.html|archive-date=10 October 2008}}</ref>
Other popular sports include [[field hockey]], badminton,
[[tennis]], [[squash (sport)|squash]] and golf. Ahmedabad has nine [[golf course]]s.<ref name="Five more golf courses to tee off in state">{{Cite news|url=http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1342524.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103160702/http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1342524.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Five more golf courses to tee off in state |first=Himanshu |last=Kaushik |date=20 January 2007 |work=The Times of India |access-date=3 August 2008}}</ref> [[Mithakhali Multi Sports Complex]] is being developed by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to promote various indoor sports.<ref name="Multi-crore sports complex in city">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-23/ahmedabad/27992376_1_indoor-sports-amc-budget-allocation|title=Multi-crore sports complex in city|first=Kumar|last=Manish|date=23 September 2007|access-date=3 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811034230/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-23/ahmedabad/27992376_1_indoor-sports-amc-budget-allocation|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahmedabad has also hosted national level games for [[roller skating]] and table tennis.<ref name="Looking to Feature">{{cite web|url=http://sycd.gov.in/sag/sagchp5.htm |title=Looking to Feature |publisher=Sports Authority of Gujarat |access-date=3 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828113755/http://sycd.gov.in/sag/sagchp5.htm |archive-date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Kart racing]] is gaining popularity in the city, with the introduction of a 380&nbsp;metre long track based on [[Formula One]] design concepts.<ref name="No sense of adventure">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/no-sense-of-adventure/articleshow/933196.cms|title=No sense of adventure|first=Lekha|last=Menon|date=23 November 2004|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114112319/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad-times/No-sense-of-adventure/articleshow/933196.cms|archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="Karting">{{cite web |url=http://www.jktyre.com/motorsports/karting.html |title=Karting|publisher=J K Tyres|access-date=3 August 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080716175934/http://www.jktyre.com/motorsports/karting.html |archive-date = 16 July 2008}}</ref>
[[file:Sabarmati marathon 2011-1.JPG|thumb|Participants in the [[Sabarmati Marathon]]]]
[[Sabarmati Marathon]] has been organized every year December–January since 2011; it has categories like a full and half-marathon, a 7&nbsp;km dream run, a 5&nbsp;km run for the visually disabled, and a 5&nbsp;km wheelchair run.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sabarmati Marathon Official Website-Race Categories|url=http://www.sabarmatimarathon.net/categories.htm|work=sabarmatimarathon.net|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008013842/http://www.sabarmatimarathon.net/categories.htm|archive-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> In 2007, Ahmedabad hosted the 51st national level [[Shooting sports|shooting]] games.<ref name="National Shooting C'ships to be held at Ahmedabad">{{Cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33599069_ITM|title=National Shooting C'ships to be held at Ahmedabad|date=20 December 2007|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=3 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224080852/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33599069_ITM|archive-date=24 December 2008}}</ref>
The [[2016 Kabaddi World Cup]] was held in Ahmedabad at [[The Arena (Ahmedabad)|The Arena by Transtadia]] (a renovated Kankaria football ground).
[[Geet Sethi]], a five-time winner of the [[World Professional Billiards Championship]] and a recipient of India's highest sporting award, the [[Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna]], was raised in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geet Sethi Profile |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/sports/billiards/players/geetsethi.html |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702062412/http://www.iloveindia.com/sports/billiards/players/geetsethi.html |archive-date=2 July 2014}}</ref>
The Adani Ahmedabad Marathon has been organized by the [[Adani Group]] every year since 2017; it attracted 8,000 participants in its first edition and also hosted its first virtual marathon in 2020 in compliance with [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]] guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 August 2020|title=Fourth edition of Ahmedabad Marathon goes virtual with app-based remote running|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/fourth-edition-of-ahmedabad-marathon-goes-virtual-with-app-based-remote-running/story-mCHpXK1OvfIAe79GRRobHP.html|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
== Tourist attractions ==
===Heritage===
*[[Gates of Ahmedabad]]
*[[Pols in Ahmedabad]]
*[[Bhadra Fort]]
*[[Teen Darwaza]]
*[[Manek Burj]]
===Mosques and tombs===
*[[Sidi Bashir Mosque]]-Shaking Minarets
*[[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]]
*[[Sarkhej Roza]]
*[[Ahmed Shah's Mosque]]
*[[Haibat Khan's Mosque]]
*[[Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad|Jama Mosque]]
*[[Ahmad Shah's Tomb]]
*[[Rani no Hajiro]]
*[[Qutbuddin Mosque]]
*[[Saiyad Usman Mosque]]
*[[Dastur Khan's Mosque]]
*[[Miya Khan Chishti's Mosque]]
*[[Achut Bibi's Mosque]]
*[[Dariya Khan's Tomb]]
*[[Azam and Muazzam Khan's Tomb]]
*[[Qutub-e-Alam's Mosque]]
*[[Shah-e-Alam's Roza]]
*[[Muhafiz Khan Mosque]]
*[[Rani Rupamati's Mosque]]
*[[Rani Sipri's Mosque]]
*[[Malik Isan's Mosque]]
*[[Mohammed Ghous Mosque]]
*[[Baba Lului's Mosque]]
*[[Wajihuddin's Tomb]]
*[[Sardar Khan's Roza]]
===Museums===
*[[Calico Museum of Textiles]]
*[[Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum]]
*[[Gujarat Science City]]
*Auto World Vintage Car Museum
===Stepwells===
*[[Mata Bhavani's Stepwell]]
*[[Dada Harir Stepwell]]
*[[Adalaj Stepwell]]
*[[Amritavarshini Vav]]
===Temples===
*[[BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir]] - Shahibaug Road
*[[Someshwar Mahadev Temple]] - Ashram Road
*[[Hutheesing Jain Temple]]
*[[Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kalupur]] - Kalupur
*Vaishno Devi Mandir - SG Highway
*[[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Shree Jagannath Mandir]] - Jamalpur
*Bhadrakali temple - Teen Darwaja
*[[ISKCON Temple|Isckon Temple]] - SG Highway
===Others===
*[[Shahibaug]]
*[[Sabarmati Ashram]]
*[[Sabarmati Riverfront]]
*[[Kankaria Lake]]
*[[Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary]]
*[[Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park]]
*Mercado Ravivar (Gujari)
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Sidi Saiyyed Ni Jali.JPG|Sidi Saiyyed Mosque
File:Mosque of Sidi Sayed Jaali.JPG|The marble screen from the exterior of [[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]]
File:Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg|Hutheesing Jain Derasar main entrance
</gallery>
== Notable people ==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Gautam Adani]] (born 1962),  chairman and founder of the [[Adani Group]]
*[[Ali Sher Bengali]] (died 1570s), Islamic scholar and author
*[[Jasprit Bumrah]] (born 1993), cricketer
*[[Narhari Parikh]] (born 1891, died 1957), writer, activist, and social reformer
*[[Mallika Sarabhai]] (born 1953), dancer, actor, and activist
*[[Vikram Sarabhai]] (born 1919, died 1971), physicist and astronomer


=== Railway ===
== International relations ==
The city is connected with pan-India railway network. It has three stations - Kalupur Station, Maninagar Station and Sabarmati Station. The Kalupur station is in the center of the city which will be convergence point for Ahmedabad Metro, Ahmedabad BRTS, and upcoming high-speed rail system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/next-stop-for-heritage-makeover-is-kalupur-railway-station/articleshow/65554965.cms|title=World Heritage Site: Next stop for heritage makeover is Kalupur railway station {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|date=August 27, 2018|author=Himanshu Kaushik|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref>
{{main|List of twin towns and sister cities in India}}


=== Roads ===
;Sister cities
The city is well connected to the major cities in the state and the country through several national and state highways.  
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Astrakhan]], [[Astrakhan Oblast]], [[Russia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/economics/cooperation/2015/12/09/modi-to-reconnect-in-russia-with-astrakhan_548683|title=Modi to reconnect in Russia with Astrakhan|last1=Upadhyay|first1=Dadan|date=9 December 2015|website=www.rbth.com|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412234439/https://www.rbth.com/economics/cooperation/2015/12/09/modi-to-reconnect-in-russia-with-astrakhan_548683|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], [[Ohio]], [[United States]] (2008) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.columbusceo.com/article/20150801/NEWS/308019767|title=The India Connection: Local leaders work to grow Columbus' robust Indian business community|website=Columbus CEO|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412234437/https://www.columbusceo.com/article/20150801/NEWS/308019767|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]], [[China]] (September 2014)<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news |last=Sanyal |first=Anindita |date=15 May 2015 |title=India Gets 3 Sister Cities in China, and One Sister Province |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-gets-3-sister-cities-in-china-and-one-sister-province-763295 |publisher=NDTV |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517054555/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-gets-3-sister-cities-in-china-and-one-sister-province-763295 |archive-date=17 May 2016}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[United States]] (1994) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.jerseycitynj.gov/explore/dataset/sister-city-agreements/table/?sort=-date_of_resolution|title=Sister City Agreements|website=data.jerseycitynj.gov|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502121026/https://data.jerseycitynj.gov/explore/dataset/sister-city-agreements/table/?sort=-date_of_resolution|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe]], [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], [[Japan]] (2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=Kobe, Ahmedabad to be sister cities |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/kobe-ahmedabad-to-be-sister-cities/articleshow/69980264.cms |access-date=17 August 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/sister-city-partnership-loi-shared-ahmedabad-kobe-06201970318.html|title=Sister City Partnership: LoI shared between Ahmedabad and Kobe|date=28 June 2019|website=Current Affairs Today|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225132218/https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/sister-city-partnership-loi-shared-ahmedabad-kobe-06201970318.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Valladolid]], [[Castile and León]], [[Spain]] (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/citys-got-a-spanish-sister/articleshow/59463351.cms|title=City's got a Spanish sister|date=6 July 2017|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412234438/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/citys-got-a-spanish-sister/articleshow/59463351.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Air ===
== See also ==
The city is served by Sardar Vallabbhai Patel International Airport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/ahmedabad|title=Sardar Vallabbhai Patel International Airport, AAI|website=Airport Authority of India|access-date=2019-08-24|archive-date=2019-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214010405/https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/ahmedabad|url-status=dead}}</ref> The airport is located 9 km from city center and also caters the state capital [[Gandhinagar]]. It was started in the year 1937 with the inaugural flight Bombay-Ahmedabad-Karachi, piloted by [[J. R. D. Tata]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/323808/a-short-history-of-tatas-long-tryst-with-indias-aviation/|title=A short history of Tata's long tryst with Indian aviation|last=Dutta|first=Manu Balachandran and Saptarishi|website=Quartz India|date=9 January 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref>
* [[List of people from Ahmedabad]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Ahmedabad]]
* [[Timeline of Ahmedabad]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== Further reading ==
{{wiktionary|Ahmedabad}}
{{refbegin}}
* Muktirajsinhji Chauhan and Kamalika Bose. ''History of Interior Design in India'' Vol 1: Ahmedabad (2007) {{ISBN|81-904096-0-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Kenneth L. Gillion|title=Ahmedabad: A Study in Indian Urban History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lG8fnwEACAAJ|year=1968|publisher=University of California Press|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=lG8fnwEACAAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book
|last = Altekar
|first = Anant Sadashiv
|title = A History of Important Ancient Towns and Cities in Gujarat and Kathiawad (From the Earliest Times Down to the Moslem Conquest)
|id = ASIN B0008B2NGA
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Crook
|given1 = Nigel
|year = 1993
|title=India's Industrial Cities: Essays in Economy and Demography
|publisher= Oxford University Press
|isbn = 0-19-563172-2
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Rajan
|first = K. V. Soundra
|title=Ahmadabad
|publisher= Archaeological Survey of India
|year=1989}}
* {{cite book
|last = Forrest |first=George William |author-link=George William Forrest
|title=Cities of India
|publisher=Adamant Media Corporation
|isbn = 0-543-93823-9 <!--ISBN status = May be invalid&nbsp;– please double check-->
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Gandhi
|first1 = R
|year = 1990
|title=Patel: A Life
|publisher= Navajivan Press, Ahmedabad
|id = ASIN B0006EYQ0A
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Michell
|first = George
|title=Ahmadabad
|publisher=Art Media Resources
|year=2003
|isbn=81-85026-03-3
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Spodek
|given1 = Howard
|year = 2011
|title=Ahmedabad: Shock City of Twentieth-Century India
|publisher= Indiana University Press
|isbn = 978-0-253-35587-4
}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ Ahmedabad Collectorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155654/http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=21 July 2011 }}
*{{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/Gujarat/Localities/Ahmedabad/}}
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Ahmadabad Ahmadabad] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
 
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* [http://www.egovamc.com Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]
[[Category:Ahmedabad| ]]
* [http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ Ahemdabad Collectorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155654/http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=2011-07-21 }}
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]
* [http://wikimapia.org/#y=23037399&x=72578988&z=13&l=0&m=a Ahmedabad at Wikimapia]
[[Category:1411 establishments in Asia]]
* [http://www.sabarmatiriverfront.com/ Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project]
[[Category:15th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1410s]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ahmedabad| ]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad-related lists|T]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Gujarat|A]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in India by city|A]]
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