Lok Sabha: Difference between revisions

| leader4            = [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> {{small|[[Prime Minister of India]]}}

| leader5            = [[Rajnath Singh]]<br /> {{small|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister of India]]}}

| leader6            = [[Vacant]]

| election6         = [[2014 Indian general election|26 May 2014]]

| structure1        = File:17th Lok sabha 2021.svg

'''[[Government of India|Government]] (355)'''<br /> '''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (355)'''

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (303)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}}} [[Shiv Sena|SHS]] (19)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}} [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (16)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party}}}} [[Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party|RLJP]] (5)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}}} [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)|AD(S)]] (2)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}}} [[All Jharkhand Students Union|AJSU]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}}} [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}}} [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}}} [[Naga People's Front|NPF]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Mizo National Front}}}} [[Mizo National Front|MNF]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}}} [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]] (1)

* {{colorbox|#CDCDCD}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (3)

 

'''[[Parliamentary Opposition|Opposition]] (188)'''<br /> '''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] (91)'''

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (53)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (24)

* {{colorbox|#008F8F}} [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (5)

* {{colorbox|#FF6C6C}} [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}}} [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}} [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] (1)

* {{colorbox|#FF8B8B}} [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}} [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}}} [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] (23)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}}} [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] (22)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}}} [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] (12)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] (10)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}}} [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]] (9)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}}} [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}}} [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (3)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}}} [[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]] (2)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (2)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}}} [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|LJP(RV)]] (1)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.com/city/patna/chirag-left-nda-as-ljp-was-offered-only-15-seats/amp_articleshow/87230118.cms |title='Chirag Paswan left NDA as LJP was offered only 15 seats' |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |date=2021-10-24 |accessdate=2022-05-25}}</ref>

* {{colorbox|#138808}} [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}}} [[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|SAD(A)]] (1)

* {{colorbox|#0A8612}} [[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] (1)

* {{colorbox|{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}}} [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] (1)

}}

The maximum membership of the House allotted by the [[Constitution of India]] is 552<ref>{{cite web|title=Lok Sabha|url=https://loksabha.nic.in/ls.htm|access-date=12 February 2022|website=loksabha.nic.in}}</ref> (Initially, in 1950, it was 500). Currently, the house has 543 seats which are made up by the election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum. Between 1952 and 2020, [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|2 additional members]] of the [[Anglo-Indian]] community were also nominated by the President of India on the advice of [[Government of India]], which was abolished in January 2020 by the [[One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=livelaw.in|access-date=25 January 2020|date=23 January 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112184618/https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend104.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 February 2020 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212051446/https://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend104.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The new parliament has a seating capacity of 888 for Lok Sabha.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Shankar|first1=B.L.|title=The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha|date=13 January 2011|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198067726.003.0008|work=The Indian Parliament|pages=292–328|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=12 February 2022|last2=Rodrigues|first2=Valerian|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198067726.003.0008|isbn=978-0-19-806772-6}}</ref>

An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries is carried out by the Boundary [[Delimitation Commission of India]] every decade based on the [[Census of India|Indian census]], last of which was conducted in [[2011 Census of India|2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/807644/a-decade-from-now-three-states-will-contribute-a-third-of-lok-sabha-mps|title=A decade from now, three states will contribute a third of Lok Sabha MPs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508112100/http://scroll.in/article/807644/a-decade-from-now-three-states-will-contribute-a-third-of-lok-sabha-mps|archive-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> This exercise earlier also included redistribution of seats among states based on demographic changes but that provision of the mandate of the commission was suspended in 1976 following a [[Constitution of India#amendments|constitutional amendment]] to incentivize the family planning program which was being implemented.<ref>[http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp Election Commission India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105005609/http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp|date=5 January 2007}}</ref> The [[17th Lok Sabha]] was elected in May 2019 and is the latest to date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-results-2019-at-evening-meet-pm-modi-to-chalk-out-action-plan-for-next-few-days-2042484|title=PM Modi's New Cabinet Could See Prestige Posts For Smriti Irani, Bengal|website=NDTV.com|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524113003/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-results-2019-at-evening-meet-pm-modi-to-chalk-out-action-plan-for-next-few-days-2042484|url-status=live}}</ref>

A [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|major portion]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] was under [[British Raj|British rule]] from 1858 to 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=4|title=Indian Freedom Struggle (1857–1947) – Culture and Heritage – Know India: National Portal of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722223343/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=4|archive-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> During this period, the office of the [[Secretary of State for India]] (along with the [[Council of India]]) was the authority through whom [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of [[Viceroy of India]] was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The [[Indian Councils Act 1861]] provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The [[Indian Councils Act 1892]] established legislatures in each of the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|provinces of British India]] and increased the powers of the Legislative Council. Although these Acts increased the representation of Indians in the government, their power remained limited, and the electorate very small. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909]] admitted some [[Indian People|Indians]] to the various councils. The [[Government of India Act 1919]] further expanded the participation of Indians in the administration, creating the [[Central Legislative Assembly]], for which [[Parliament House, New Delhi]], was built and opened in 1927.<ref>''The Journal of Parliamentary Information'', Volume 46 (2000), p. 400</ref> The [[Government of India Act 1935]] introduced provincial autonomy and proposed a federal structure in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/government-india-act-1935|title=Government of India Act of 1935 – Dictionary definition of Government of India Act of 1935 – Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=encyclopedia.com|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143840/https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/government-india-act-1935|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], passed by the British parliament on 18 July 1947, divided British India (which did not include the [[Princely States]]) into two newly independent countries, India and Pakistan, which were to be [[dominion]]s under [[the Crown]] until they had each enacted a new constitution. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate nations, with each new Assembly having sovereign powers transferred to it for the respective dominion.

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a sovereign, democratic republic. This contained the founding principles of the law of the land which would govern India in its new form, which now included all the princely states which had not ''[[Princely states of Pakistan|acceded to Pakistan]]''.

The Lok Sabha (Lower house of the People) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.

*Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any [[Constitution of India#Amendment|Bill for Constitutional Amendment]] (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).

In conclusion, the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in almost all matters. Even in those matters in which the Constitution has placed both Houses on an equal footing, the Lok Sabha has more influence due to its greater numerical strength. This is typical of any Parliamentary democracy, with the lower House always being more powerful than the upper.

A division is one of the forms in which the decision of the House is ascertained. Normally, when a motion is put to the House members for and against it indicate their opinion by saying "Aye" or "No" from their seats. The Chair goes by the voices and declares that the motion is either accepted or rejected by the House. If a member challenges the decision, the Chair orders that the lobbies be cleared. Then the division bell is rung and an entire network of bells installed in the various parts and rooms in Parliament House and Parliament House Annexe rings continuously for three and a half minutes. Members and Ministers rush to the Chamber from all sides. After the bell stops, all the doors to the Chamber are closed and nobody can enter or leave the Chamber till the division is over. Then the Chair puts the question for a second time and declares whether in its opinion the "Ayes" or the "Noes", have it. If the opinion so declared is again challenged, the Chair asks the votes to be recorded by operating the Automatic Vote Recording Equipment.

 

| 18th Lok Sabha

== Composition ==

!| Seats <ref name="composition">{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm|title=Lok Sabha Introduction|publisher=National Informatics Centre, Government of India|access-date=22 September 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201063345/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm|archive-date=1 December 2008}}</ref>

No. of Lok Sabha MP's party-wise:

 

{{Updated|26 June 2021}}

| rowspan="13" bgcolor=#FF9933|

| rowspan="13" | '''[[National Democratic Alliance]]'''<br />Seats: '''355'''

| 303

| 19

| [[Vinayak Raut]]

| [[Lalan Singh|Rajiv Ranjan]]

| {{Party name with colour|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}

| [[P. Ravindhranath]]

| [[Lorho S. Pfoze|L.S. Pfoze]]

| 3

| rowspan="10" style="background:#00bfff;"|

| rowspan="10" | '''Opposition'''<br />'''[[United Progressive Alliance]]'''<br />Seats: '''91'''

| 53

| [[Ritesh Pandey]]

| {{Party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}

| [[Mulayam Singh Yadav|Mulayam Yadav]]  

| {{Party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}

| 2

| [[Asaduddin Owaisi|A. Owaisi]]

| {{Party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}

| 1

| [[Prajwal Revanna]]

| {{Party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}

|1

|[[Simranjit Singh Mann]]

| colspan="4" | '''Total No. of MPs'''

| colspan="2" | '''543'''