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N. T. Rama Rao: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Indian actor and government minister}} | {{Short description|Indian actor and government minister (1923–1996)}} | ||
{{About|the 20th-century actor and politician|his grandson and the currently active actor with the same name|N. T. Rama Rao Jr.}} | {{About|the 20th-century actor and politician|his grandson and the currently active actor with the same name|N. T. Rama Rao Jr.}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}} | ||
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| image = [[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|200px]] | | image = [[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|200px]] | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| office = [[List of Chief | | office = 10th [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)#List of Chief ministers of United Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh]] | ||
| term_start1 = 9 January 1983 | | term_start1 = 9 January 1983 | ||
| term_end1 = 16 August 1984 | | term_end1 = 16 August 1984 | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
| {{marriage|[[Lakshmi Parvathi]]<br>|1993<!--|18 January 1996-->}} | | {{marriage|[[Lakshmi Parvathi]]<br>|1993<!--|18 January 1996-->}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| children = 12, including {{hlist|[[Nandamuri Harikrishna|Harikrishna]]|[[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]|[[Daggubati Purandeswari|Purandeswari]]}} | | children = 12, including {{hlist|[[Nandamuri Harikrishna|Harikrishna]]|[[Nandamuri MohanakrishnaMohanakrishna]]|[[Nandamuri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]|[[Daggubati Purandeswari|Purandeswari]]}} | ||
| alma_mater = SRR & CVR College, [[Andhra Christian College]] | | alma_mater = SRR & CVR College, [[Andhra Christian College]] | ||
| blank1 = Awards | | blank1 = Awards | ||
| data1 = [[Padma Shri]] (1968)<br />[[National Film Awards]] | | data1 = [[Padma Shri]] (1968)<br />[[National Film Awards]] | ||
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|producer|director|film editor|politician}} | | occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|producer|director|film editor|politician}} | ||
| relatives = See [[Political families of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana|Nandamuri–Nara family]] | |||
| signature = Nadamuri taraka rama rao signature.jpg | | signature = Nadamuri taraka rama rao signature.jpg | ||
| signature_alt = Rama Rao's signature | | signature_alt = Rama Rao's signature | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao''' (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996),<ref name="TheHindu DOB" /> | '''Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao''' (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996),<ref name="TheHindu DOB" /> often referred to by his initials '''NTR''', was an Indian actor, filmmaker and politician who served as [[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] for seven years over three terms. He starred in over 300 films, predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]], and was referred by the media as ''Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarwa Bhouma'' ({{translation|Universal star of acting}}).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-18|title=Remembering Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao on his 24th death anniversary: The life and legacy of Doctor Viswa Vikhyatha Nata Sarvabhouma|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/remembering-nandamuri-taraka-rama-rao-on-his-24th-death-anniversary-the-life-and-legacy-of-viswa-vikhyatha-nata-sarvabhouma/photostory/73353193.cms|access-date=2021-07-12|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Rao received three [[National Film Awards]] for co-producing ''[[Thodu Dongalu (1954 film)|Thodu Dongalu]]'' (1954) and ''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seetharama Kalyanam]]'' (1960) under National Art Theater, Madras,<ref>[[Eenadu]] Daily, Eenadu cinema – 17 July 2013, National art theater, Page 10</ref> and for directing ''[[Varakatnam]]'' (1970).<ref name="2ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/2nd_nff_1955.pdf|title=2nd National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> Known for his breakthrough performances in ''[[Raju Peda]]'' (1954) and ''[[Lava Kusa]]'' (1963),<ref name="Times of India Press">{{cite book|title=The Times of India directory and year book including who's who|year=1984|publisher=Times of India Press}}</ref><ref name="RAJU-PEDA 1954">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/rajupeda-1954/article6013503.ece|title=RAJU-PEDA (1954)|work=The Hindu|date=16 May 2014|last1=Narasimham|first1=M. L.}}</ref><ref name="Ramachandran 1973">{{cite book|last=Ramachandran|first=T.M.|title=Film world|year=1973|volume=9}}</ref> Rao garnered the [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] for ''[[Kodalu Diddina Kapuram]]'' in 1970, and the Inaugural [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] in 1972 for ''[[Badi Panthulu]]''.<ref name="Times of India Press"/><ref name="Ramachandran 1973"/> | ||
Rao made his debut as an actor in a [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] social film ''[[Mana Desam]]'', directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] in 1949. He gained popularity in the 1950s when he became well known for his portrayals of [[Hindu]] deities, especially [[Krishna]], [[Karna]] and [[Rama]],<ref name="I96" /> roles which have made him a "messiah of the masses".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/n-t-rama-rao-72-is-dead-star-status-infused-his-politics.html|title=N. T. Rama Rao, 72, Is Dead; Star Status Infused His Politics|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=22 September 2015|first=John F.|last=Burns|date=19 January 1996}}</ref> He later became known for portraying antagonistic characters and [[Robin Hood]]-esque hero characters in films | Rao made his debut as an actor in a [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] social film ''[[Mana Desam]]'', directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] in 1949. He gained popularity in the 1950s when he became well known for his portrayals of [[Hindu]] deities, especially [[Krishna]], [[Karna]] and [[Rama]],<ref name="I96" /> roles which have made him a "messiah of the masses", and a prominent figure in the history of cinema.<ref name="I96" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/n-t-rama-rao-72-is-dead-star-status-infused-his-politics.html|title=N. T. Rama Rao, 72, Is Dead; Star Status Infused His Politics|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=22 September 2015|first=John F.|last=Burns|date=19 January 1996}}</ref> He later became known for portraying antagonistic characters and [[Robin Hood]]-esque hero characters in films.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901160200.htm|title=N.T. Rama Rao (1923–1995): A messiah of the masses|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 December 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314034454/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901160200.htm|archive-date=14 March 2003|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="Sashidhar AS, TNN 13 Aug 2012, 04.15PM IST">{{cite press release|author=Sashidhar AS |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-13/did-you-know-/33181554_1_ftii-film-and-television-institute-magnum-opus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504205627/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-13/did-you-know-/33181554_1_ftii-film-and-television-institute-magnum-opus |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 May 2013 |title=Donga Ramudu was included in FTII |date=13 August 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=27 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/pathalabhairavi.htm |title=Nostalgia – Pathala Bhairavi |publisher=CineGoer.com |access-date=27 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928162055/http://www.cinegoer.com/pathalabhairavi.htm |archive-date=28 September 2012 }}</ref> N. T. R. was voted "Greatest Indian Actor of All Time" in a [[CNN-IBN]] national poll conducted in 2013 on the occasion of the Centenary of Indian Cinema.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=CNN-IBN|title=NTR greatest actor in India|date=9 March 2013|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/ntr-greatest-actor-in-india-cnn-ibn-poll-survey-595559.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/NTR-is-the-greatest-Indian-actor/articleshow/18860418.cms|title=NTR is the greatest Indian actor – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 March 2013|title=NTR, the Greatest Indian Actor of All Time|url=http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/movie-news/ntr-the-greatest-indian-actor-of-all-time-44656.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917020053/http://www.greatandhra.com/movies/movie-news/ntr-the-greatest-indian-actor-of-all-time-44656.html|archive-date=17 September 2016|access-date=2 September 2016|website=greatandhra.com}}</ref> | ||
He starred in such films as ''[[ | He starred in such films as ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' (1951), the only south Indian film screened at the first [[International Film Festival of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/iffi.asp |title=::Directorate Of Film Festivals |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528092902/http://www.dff.nic.in/iffi.asp |archive-date=28 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name="4thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/4th_Nff.pdf|title=4th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref> ''[[Malliswari (1951 film)|Malliswari]]'' (1951), featured at Peking Film Festival, Beijing, China,<ref>[[Eenadu]] Daily, Eenadu Sunday – 28 April 2013, 100 years of Indian Cinema, Early Tollywood, Page 9</ref> the enduring classics ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957) and ''[[Nartanasala (1963 film)|Nartanasala]]'' (1963), featured at the [[Afro-Asian Film Festival]] that was held in [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |publisher=Iffi.nic.in |access-date=25 August 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/2017.05.02-124953/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All the four films were included in [[CNN-IBN]]'s list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424003536/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-24|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News, Current News Headlines|website=News18}}</ref> He co-produced ''[[Ummadi Kutumbam]]'', nominated by [[Film Federation of India]] as one of its entries to the 1968 [[Moscow Film Festival]].<ref name=autogenerated3>[[Eenadu]] Daily, Eenadu cinema – 17 July 2013, National art theater, Page 10</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/27325.html|title=Cinema News – Movie Reviews – Movie Trailers – IndiaGlitz}}</ref> Besides Telugu, he has also acted in a few [[Kollywood|Tamil]] films.<ref>[http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1997.pdf Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India] (1997)</ref> Widely recognised for his portrayal of mythological characters, Rao was one of the leading [[method actor]]s of [[Indian cinema]].<ref name="I96"/> | ||
Rao was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 1968, recognizing his contribution to Indian cinema. After his career in films, Rao entered politics. He founded the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) in 1982 and served three tumultuous terms as [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] between 1983 and 1995. He was known as an advocate of Andhra Pradesh's distinct cultural identity, distinguishing it from the erstwhile [[Madras State]] with which it was often associated. At the national level, he was instrumental in the formation of the [[National Front (India)|National Front]], a coalition of non-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] parties which governed India from 1989 until 1990.<ref name="ntr national front">{{cite web|access-date=2022-08-02|title=Regionalism and sub-regionalism|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30222171.ece|date=22 April 2004|website=frontline.thehindu.com}}</ref> | |||
==Early life== | |||
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao was born in a Hindu agrarian family on 28 May 1923<ref name="TheHindu DOB">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article18594639.ece|title=N.T. Rama Rao: A timeline|work=The Hindu|date=28 May 2017}}</ref> in [[Nimmakuru]], a small village in [[Gudivada]] taluk of [[Krishna district]], which was a part of the erstwhile [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British India]]. He was given in adoption to his paternal uncle because his uncle and aunt were childless.{{sfn|Narayan|1983|pp=54-55}} He was first educated by a teacher who came from a nearby village, whom he would attribute his command of Telugu to, as well as his father, an aspiring thespian and patron of the arts.{{sfn|Narayan|1983|pp=55-56}} Although children were normally pulled out of school after completing their primary education, on account of being the first male child in the family, his father sent him to [[Vijayawada]], where he continued his education, matriculating in 1940 before studying at SRR & CVR College and at the [[Andhra Christian College]] in [[Guntur]].{{sfn|Narayan|1983|pp=56-57}} In 1947, he joined the [[Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission|Madras Service Commission]] as a sub-registrar at [[Prathipadu, Guntur district|Prathipadu]] of Guntur district, a much-coveted job that he nevertheless quit within three weeks to devote himself to acting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901160200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030611160814/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 June 2003 |title=N.T. Rama Rao (1923–1995): A messiah of the masses |date=9 December 2002 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date= 24 September 2015}}</ref> He developed a [[baritone]] singing voice as a young man.<ref name="I96">{{cite news|author=McGirk, Tim|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-n-t-rama-rao-1324748.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-n-t-rama-rao-1324748.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Obituary: N. T. Rama Rao |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=31 May 2010|location=London|date=19 January 1996}}</ref> | |||
==Personal life== | |||
In May 1943, at the age of 20, while still pursuing his Intermediate, Rao was married to Smt. Basava Rama Tarakam, the daughter of his maternal uncle. The marriage was blessed with twelve children; including eight sons and four daughters, namely: Ramakrishna Sr., Jayakrishna, Saikrishna, Harikrishna, Mohanakrishna, Balakrishna, Ramakrishna Jr., Jayashankarakrishna, Garapati Lokeswari (daughter), Daggubati Purandeswari (daughter), Nara Bhuvaneswari (daughter), and Kantamaneni Umamaheswari (daughter).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/article2814013.ece |title=Cities / Vijayawada : Rich tributes paid to N.T. Rama Rao |newspaper=The Hindu |date=19 January 2012 |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> | |||
== | Smt. Basava Tarakam died of [[cancer]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://induscancer.com/about-us/|title=About Us|website=Induscancer|language=en-US|access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref> in 1985. In her memory, Rao established the Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital in Hyderabad in 1986.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andhraheadlines.com/state/i-need-people%E2%80%99s-blessings-balayya-4-94939.html |title=I need people's blessings: Balayya |publisher=Andhraheadlines.com |access-date=4 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118144016/http://www.andhraheadlines.com/state/i-need-people%E2%80%99s-blessings-balayya-4-94939.html |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1993, NTR married [[Lakshmi Parvathi]], a Telugu writer.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ch |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-07-21/hyderabad/27198251_1_lakshmi-parvathi-film-ntr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520215835/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-07-21/hyderabad/27198251_1_lakshmi-parvathi-film-ntr |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2013 |title=Lakshmi Parvathi to don greasepaint|date=21 July 2003 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> The marriage was childless and lasted until NTR's death less than three years later. Lakshmi Parvati was the author of NTR's two-volume biography published in 2004. The first volume, ''Eduruleni Manishi'' ({{Translation|Unstoppable person}}), covers his childhood and his entry into films. The second volume, ''Telugu Tejam'' ({{Translation|The radiance of Telugu}}), deals with his political career.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/25/stories/2004022504200400.htm |title=NTR biography release tomorrow |date=25 February 2004 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/02/stories/2004020204390600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224201833/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/02/stories/2004020204390600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 February 2004 |title=NTR biography ready |date=2 February 2004 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> | ||
NTR's eldest son, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Sr., died in 1962, soon after Rao completed shooting of the film ''[[Irugu Porugu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vidya Balan Says She Is 'Very Excited' About NTR Biopic |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/vidya-balan-says-she-is-very-excited-about-ntr-biopic-1898637 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Rao founded the film studios ''[[Ramakrishna Studios]]'' in [[Nacharam]] in his memory. NTR's third son, Nandamuri Saikrishna, who was a theatre owner, died in 2004 following [[Complications of diabetes mellitus|diabetic complications]].<ref>{{cite news|author=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-06-05/india/27163000_1_ntr-family-lakshmi-parvathi-hyderabad-hospital |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024064101/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-06-05/india/27163000_1_ntr-family-lakshmi-parvathi-hyderabad-hospital |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2012 |title=NTR family drama: shots, death, revenge|date=5 June 2004 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> His fourth son, [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]], who died in a car accident on 29 August 2018, was a child actor-turned-politician elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], representing the TDP. Harikrishna's sons [[Nandamuri Kalyan Ram]] and [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] are also actors in the Telugu cinema.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/03/stories/2008110353320500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106063404/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/03/stories/2008110353320500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 November 2008 |title=Andhra Pradesh / Vijayawada News : Nandamuri family fully supports Naidu, says Harikrishna |date=3 November 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> NTR's sixth son, [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], has been one of the leading actors in Tollywood since the mid-1980s. He also started his career as a child artist. Balakrishna contested 2014 assembly elections as a TDP candidate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vishwasnews.com/index.php/local/1-local/1240-balakrishna-set-to-fight-2014-poll |archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.09.27-203300/http://www.vishwasnews.com/index.php/local/1-local/1240-balakrishna-set-to-fight-2014-poll |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2013 |title=BalaKrishna set to fight 2014 Elections |publisher=Telugu News |date=12 September 2011 |access-date=4 August 2013 }}</ref> He won the Hindupur Assembly Constituency. His seventh son, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Jr. is a film producer. | |||
NTR's third daughter, Bhuvaneshwari, is the wife of former chief minister [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]. NTR's second daughter, [[Daggubati Purandeswari]], is a widely respected politician, who has represented the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] and served as a Union Minister. She later shifted her allegiance to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>[http://www.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampdetail.php?mpcode=4022] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807190819/http://www.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampdetail.php?mpcode=4022|date=7 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=ARUN KUMAR, TNN 29 October 2012, 12.42AM IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-29/hyderabad/34799737_1_daggubati-purandeswari-anand-sharma-high-command |archive-url=https://archive.today/2013.01.03-081841/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-29/hyderabad/34799737_1_daggubati-purandeswari-anand-sharma-high-command |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Caste tangle hits Purandeswari's elevation|date=29 October 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> NTR's fourth and youngest daughter, Uma Maheswari, was found dead at her home in Hyderabad's Jubilee hills on 1 August 2022. According to Police, her death appears to be an instance of suicide, but no suicide note was found. | |||
==Film career== | ==Film career== | ||
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[[File:NTR as Girisam in Kanyasulkam.png|thumb|left|Rao portraying Girisam character in [[Kanyasulkam (film)|''Kanyasulkam'']] (1955) ]] | [[File:NTR as Girisam in Kanyasulkam.png|thumb|left|Rao portraying Girisam character in [[Kanyasulkam (film)|''Kanyasulkam'']] (1955) ]] | ||
Rama Rao started his film career with a walk-on role as a policeman in ''[[Mana Desam]]'' (1949).<ref name="I96" /> Following this, he appeared in ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'', directed by [[B. A. Subba Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiancinemas.com/News-21/History+of+Telugu+Cinema.html?newsid=149&linkid=21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025001/http://www.indiancinemas.com/News-21/History+of+Telugu+Cinema.html?newsid=149&linkid=21|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2011|title=History of Telugu Cinema|publisher=Indian cinemas|access-date=31 May 2010}}</ref> His first [[Hindu mythology|mythological film]] was in 1957, where he portrayed the [[Hindu deities|Hindu god]] [[Krishna]] in the blockbuster film ''[[Maya Bazaar]]''.<ref name="ntr krishna">{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-ntr.html |title=Telugu cinema megastar – Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao's Bio-data |publisher=Idlebrain.com |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> He played Krishna in 17 films,<ref name="ntr krishna"/> including some landmark films such as ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Yudham]]'' (1962), the Tamil film ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'' (1964) and ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' (1977). He was also known for his portrayal of the god [[Rama]], essaying that role in films such as ''[[Lava Kusa]]'' (1963) and ''[[Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham]]'' (1974) to name a few. He has also portrayed other characters from the [[Ramayana]], such as [[Ravana]] in ''[[Bhookailas (1958 Telugu film)|Bhookailas]]'' (1958) and ''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seetharama Kalyanam]]'' (1961) among others. He portrayed the god [[Vishnu]] in films such as ''[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]]'' (1960) among others and the god [[Shiva]] in ''[[Dakshayagnam (1962 film)|Dakshayagnam]]'' (1962). He has also enacted the roles of [[Mahabharata]] characters, such as [[Bheeshma]], [[Arjuna]], [[Karna]] and [[Duryodhana]]. | Rama Rao started his film career with a walk-on role as a policeman in ''[[Mana Desam]]'' (1949).<ref name="I96" /> Following this, he appeared in ''[[Palletoori Pilla]]'' (1950), directed by [[B. A. Subba Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiancinemas.com/News-21/History+of+Telugu+Cinema.html?newsid=149&linkid=21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025001/http://www.indiancinemas.com/News-21/History+of+Telugu+Cinema.html?newsid=149&linkid=21|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2011|title=History of Telugu Cinema|publisher=Indian cinemas|access-date=31 May 2010}}</ref> His first [[Hindu mythology|mythological film]] was in 1957, where he portrayed the [[Hindu deities|Hindu god]] [[Krishna]] in the blockbuster film ''[[Maya Bazaar]]''.<ref name="ntr krishna">{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/bio-data/bio-ntr.html |title=Telugu cinema megastar – Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao's Bio-data |publisher=Idlebrain.com |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> He played Krishna in 17 films,<ref name="ntr krishna"/> including some landmark films such as ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Yudham]]'' (1962), the Tamil film ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'' (1964) and ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' (1977). He was also known for his portrayal of the god [[Rama]], essaying that role in films such as ''[[Lava Kusa]]'' (1963) and ''[[Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham]]'' (1974) to name a few. He has also portrayed other characters from the [[Ramayana]], such as [[Ravana]] in ''[[Bhookailas (1958 Telugu film)|Bhookailas]]'' (1958) and ''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seetharama Kalyanam]]'' (1961) among others. He portrayed the god [[Vishnu]] in films such as ''[[Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam]]'' (1960) among others and the god [[Shiva]] in ''[[Dakshayagnam (1962 film)|Dakshayagnam]]'' (1962). He has also enacted the roles of [[Mahabharata]] characters, such as [[Bheeshma]], [[Arjuna]], [[Karna]] and [[Duryodhana]]. | ||
[[File:NTR in Pathala Bhairavi.jpg|right|thumb|Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao in ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]'' (1951) ]] | |||
Later in his career, he stopped playing a prince in his commercial films and began to play roles of a poor yet heroic young man fighting against the existing system. These films appealed to the sentiments of the common man. Some of these films are ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973), ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]'' (1977), ''[[Driver Ramudu]]'' (1979), ''Vetagadu'' (1979), ''[[Sardar Papa Rayudu]]'' (1980), ''[[Kondaveeti Simham]]'' (1981), ''[[Justice Chowdary]]'' (1982) and ''[[Bobbili Puli]]'' (1982). He also portrayed [[fantasy film|fantasy]] roles, his notable film in that genre being ''[[Yamagola]]'' (1977).{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} His film ''[[Lava Kusa]]'', in which he starred as Rama, collected | Later in his career, he stopped playing a prince in his commercial films and began to play roles of a poor yet heroic young man fighting against the existing system. These films appealed to the sentiments of the common man. Some of these films are ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973), ''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]'' (1977), ''[[Driver Ramudu]]'' (1979), ''[[Vetagadu]]'' (1979), ''[[Sardar Papa Rayudu]]'' (1980), ''[[Kondaveeti Simham]]'' (1981), ''[[Justice Chowdary]]'' (1982) and ''[[Bobbili Puli]]'' (1982). He also portrayed [[fantasy film|fantasy]] roles, his notable film in that genre being ''[[Yamagola]]'' (1977).{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} His film ''[[Lava Kusa]]'', in which he starred as Rama, collected {{Indian Rupee}}1 [[crore]] in 1963. He directed and acted in the [[hagiography|hagiographical film]] ''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]'' (1984). He also acted in films such as ''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra|Brahmashi Viswamitra]]'' (1991) and ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1993 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'' (1993). His last film was ''[[Srinatha Kavi Sarvabhowmudu]]'', a [[biopic]] on the [[Telugu literature|Telugu poet]] [[Srinatha]], which released in 1993. | ||
In the later half of his career, Rao became a [[screenwriter]]. Despite having no formal training in scriptwriting, he authored several screenplays for his own movies as well as for other producers. He also produced many of his films as well as other actor's films through his film production house National Art Theater Private Limited, Madras and later [[Ramakrishna Studios]], Hyderabad. He actively campaigned for the construction of a large number of cinemas through this production house.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=46NFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |publisher=Iffi.nic.in |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071859/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=46NFA.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influential in designing and implementing a financial system that funded the production and distribution of movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/nt-rama-rao-237184|title=N.T. Rama Rao – Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos – AllMovie|website=AllMovie}}</ref> He was so dedicated to his profession that he would often learn new things in order to portray a particular character on-screen perfectly and realistically. At the age of 40, he learnt dance from the renowned [[Kuchipudi]] dancer [[Vempati Chinna Satyam]] for his role in the film ''[[Nartanasala]]'' (1963).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chaitanya.bhaavana.net/ghantasala/0196.html |title=The ghantasa list-archive: Part-II: Remembering NTR, Actor, Director, Producer |publisher=Chaitanya.bhaavana.net |date=20 January 1997 |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115423/http://chaitanya.bhaavana.net/ghantasala/0196.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> | [[File:NTR in 1952.jpg|left|thumb|A still of N. T. Rama Rao from the film ''[[Daasi (1952 film)|Daasi]]'' (1952) ]] | ||
In the later half of his career, Rao became a [[screenwriter]]. Despite having no formal training in scriptwriting, he authored several screenplays for his own movies as well as for other producers. He also produced many of his films as well as other actor's films through his film production house National Art Theater Private Limited, Madras and later [[Ramakrishna Studios]], Hyderabad. He actively campaigned for the construction of a large number of cinemas through this production house.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=46NFA.pdf |title=Directorate of Film Festival |publisher=Iffi.nic.in |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071859/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=46NFA.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was influential in designing and implementing a financial system that funded the production and distribution of movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/nt-rama-rao-237184|title=N.T. Rama Rao – Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos – AllMovie|website=AllMovie}}</ref> He was so dedicated to his profession that he would often learn new things in order to portray a particular character on-screen perfectly and realistically. At the age of 40, he learnt dance from the renowned [[Kuchipudi]] dancer [[Vempati Chinna Satyam]] for his role in the film ''[[Nartanasala (1963 film)|Nartanasala]]'' (1963).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chaitanya.bhaavana.net/ghantasala/0196.html |title=The ghantasa list-archive: Part-II: Remembering NTR, Actor, Director, Producer |publisher=Chaitanya.bhaavana.net |date=20 January 1997 |access-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115423/http://chaitanya.bhaavana.net/ghantasala/0196.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> | |||
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
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===Loss of power, 1984=== | ===Loss of power, 1984=== | ||
On 15 August 1984, Rao was removed from office by the then Governor of Andhra Pradesh [[Thakur Ram Lal]], while Rao was in the US to undergo [[open heart surgery]].<ref name="Murty p.48">{{cite book|author=Murty, K. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7pD5oTDw0IC&pg=PA48|title=Parties, elections, and mobilisation|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|year=2001|pages=48–49|isbn=978-81-261-0979-1}}</ref> His finance minister, [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]], a former Congressman | On 15 August 1984, Rao was removed from office by the then Governor of Andhra Pradesh [[Thakur Ram Lal]], while Rao was in the US to undergo [[open heart surgery]].<ref name="Murty p.48">{{cite book|author=Murty, K. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7pD5oTDw0IC&pg=PA48|title=Parties, elections, and mobilisation|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|year=2001|pages=48–49|isbn=978-81-261-0979-1}}</ref> His finance minister, [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]], a former Congressman, was made the Chief Minister by the Governor Thakur Ram Lal. Bhaskar Rao purportedly had the support of majority of the TDP MLAs which was never the case.{{Citation needed|date= January 2020}} | ||
===Return to power, 1984=== | ===Return to power, 1984=== | ||
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===Campaigning in Tamil Nadu, 1984=== | ===Campaigning in Tamil Nadu, 1984=== | ||
In 1984, when the then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] and fellow actor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (M.G.R.) was unable to campaign in the [[1984 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly election|state assembly election]] due to his being hospitalized in the | In 1984, when the then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] and fellow actor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (M.G.R.) was unable to campaign in the [[1984 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly election|state assembly election]] due to his being hospitalized in the US. N.T.R., who was a close friend of M.G.R.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141205085103/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/01/stories/2004040100991200.htm The mother of all rath yatras]. The Hindu (1 April 2004). Retrieved on 21 November 2018.</ref> and [[R. M. Veerappan]] who was handling the party affairs, campaigned for the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK),{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} despite the fact that party was an ally of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] at the time. As leader of the National Front, he campaigned extensively for the constituent parties when they faced elections, again using his ''Chaitanya Ratham'' campaigning concept.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/01/stories/2004040100991200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040414000554/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/01/stories/2004040100991200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 April 2004 |title=The mother of all rath yatras |date=1 April 2004 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> | ||
===General elections, 1984=== | ===General elections, 1984=== | ||
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===Third term as Chief Minister, 1994=== | ===Third term as Chief Minister, 1994=== | ||
Rao returned to power for a third and final time in the December 1994 state assembly elections with his party in alliance with the Left Front. This alliance won 269 seats in the 294 seat Assembly, with the TDP alone winning 226. The Congress, which once again had multiple Chief Ministers in the state during its five-year rule between 1989 and 1994, won only 26 seats. Rao contested again from Hindupur and won the seat for the third consecutive time,<ref name="ntr hindupur"/> achieving a rare hat-trick of wins from the same assembly constituency. He also won from another assembly constituency, [[Tekkali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S01/partycomp03.htm |title=State Elections 2004 – Partywise Comparison for 3-Tekkali Constituency of Andhra Pradesh |publisher=Eci.nic.in |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> [[Chandra Babu Naidu]] led a revolt in the party against Rao, showing his 2nd wife [[Lakshmi Parvathi]]'s interference in the administration as a reason and that led to his becoming the CM on 1 September 1995 replacing Rao.<ref>{{cite web |title=A legacy under siege |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715 |publisher=Outlook |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> | Rao returned to power for a third and final time in the December 1994 state assembly elections with his party in alliance with the Left Front. This alliance won 269 seats in the 294 seat Assembly, with the TDP alone winning 226. The Congress, which once again had multiple Chief Ministers in the state during its five-year rule between 1989 and 1994, won only 26 seats. Rao contested again from Hindupur and won the seat for the third consecutive time,<ref name="ntr hindupur"/> achieving a rare hat-trick of wins from the same assembly constituency. He also won from another assembly constituency, [[Tekkali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S01/partycomp03.htm |title=State Elections 2004 – Partywise Comparison for 3-Tekkali Constituency of Andhra Pradesh |publisher=Eci.nic.in |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> [[Chandra Babu Naidu]] led a revolt in the party against Rao, showing his 2nd wife [[Lakshmi Parvathi]]'s interference in the administration as a reason and that led to his becoming the CM on 1 September 1995 replacing Rao.<ref>{{cite web |title=A legacy under siege |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715 |publisher=Outlook |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Awards and honors== | ==Awards and honors== | ||
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|{{won}} | |{{won}} | ||
|<ref name="National Film Awards - 1969">{{cite web|title=National Film Awards – 1969|url=http://www.hindilyrics.net/awards/national-film-awards-1969.html|access-date=3 August 2012|publisher=Hindilyrics.net}}</ref> | |<ref name="National Film Awards - 1969">{{cite web|title=National Film Awards – 1969|url=http://www.hindilyrics.net/awards/national-film-awards-1969.html|access-date=3 August 2012|publisher=Hindilyrics.net}}</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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[[File:NTR Memorial.jpg|thumb|Rao's memorial at [[NTR Gardens]], [[Hyderabad]]]]The [[NTR National Award]] is a national award in honour of Rao. It was instituted in 1996 by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] to recognise notable film personalities for their lifetime achievements and contributions to the [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ntr-national-literary-award-for-ashokamitran/article3384822.ece |title=Ilayaraja, Ambarish, Krishna get NTR award |publisher=The Hindu, Business Line |location=Hyderabad |date=30 August 2007 |access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref> The NTR National Literary Award was instituted by the NTR Vignan Trust, as an annual award to recognise people for their lifetime achievements and contributions to Indian [[literature]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ntr-national-literary-award-for-ashokamitran/article3384822.ece |title=NTR literary Award for Ashoka Mitran |newspaper=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu, Business Line |location=Hyderabad |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=23 September 2012 }}</ref> [[Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences|Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada]] was established as University of Health Sciences by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] and was inaugurated on 9 April by N. T. Rama Rao, the then [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] in the city of [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. It started functioning on 1 November 1986.<ref>{{cite press release|author=J. Venkatesan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article3801208.ece |title=NATIONAL / ANDHRA PRADESH : Supreme Court issues notice to State government on medical admissions |work=The Hindu |date=30 April 2007 |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> After the death of Rama Rao, it was decided to rename the university after him, and this was carried out on 2 February 1998.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/article3699547.ece |title=Cities / Vijayawada : Active lifestyle keeps diabetes at bay, says health varsity V-C |work=The Hindu |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> The university celebrated its silver jubilee from 1–3 November 2011. | [[File:NTR Memorial.jpg|thumb|Rao's memorial at [[NTR Gardens]], [[Hyderabad]]]]The [[NTR National Award]] is a national award in honour of Rao. It was instituted in 1996 by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] to recognise notable film personalities for their lifetime achievements and contributions to the [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ntr-national-literary-award-for-ashokamitran/article3384822.ece |title=Ilayaraja, Ambarish, Krishna get NTR award |publisher=The Hindu, Business Line |location=Hyderabad |date=30 August 2007 |access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref> The NTR National Literary Award was instituted by the NTR Vignan Trust, as an annual award to recognise people for their lifetime achievements and contributions to Indian [[literature]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ntr-national-literary-award-for-ashokamitran/article3384822.ece |title=NTR literary Award for Ashoka Mitran |newspaper=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu, Business Line |location=Hyderabad |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=23 September 2012 }}</ref> [[Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences|Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada]] was established as University of Health Sciences by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] and was inaugurated on 9 April by N. T. Rama Rao, the then [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] in the city of [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. It started functioning on 1 November 1986.<ref>{{cite press release|author=J. Venkatesan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article3801208.ece |title=NATIONAL / ANDHRA PRADESH : Supreme Court issues notice to State government on medical admissions |work=The Hindu |date=30 April 2007 |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> After the death of Rama Rao, it was decided to rename the university after him, and this was carried out on 2 February 1998.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/article3699547.ece |title=Cities / Vijayawada : Active lifestyle keeps diabetes at bay, says health varsity V-C |work=The Hindu |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> The university celebrated its silver jubilee from 1–3 November 2011. | ||
His life and acting career, and later life and political career, are showcased in the films ''[[N.T.R: Kathanayakudu]]'' and ''[[N.T.R: Mahanayakudu]]'', respectively, with his son [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] playing the title character.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/article3794755.ece |title=Cities / Vijayawada : NTR University admissions open |work=The Hindu |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> His later life after his wife Nandamuri Basavatarakam's death and his marriage | His life and acting career, and later life and political career, are showcased in the films ''[[N.T.R: Kathanayakudu]]'' and ''[[N.T.R: Mahanayakudu]]'', respectively, with his son [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] playing the title character.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/article3794755.ece |title=Cities / Vijayawada : NTR University admissions open |work=The Hindu |access-date=22 August 2012}}</ref> His later life after his wife Nandamuri Basavatarakam's death and his marriage to [[Lakshmi Parvathi]] is showcased in [[Ram Gopal Varma|Ram Gopal Varma's]] film ''[[Lakshmi's NTR]]'' with [[P. Vijay Kumar]] playing his role. | ||
==Legislative career== | ==Legislative career== | ||
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==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Rao died of a [[heart attack]] on 18 January 1996 at his residence in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], aged 72.<ref name="ntr death">{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715|title=A Legacy Under Siege|work=Outlook India|date=31 January 1996|access-date=22 October 2019|author=Rahman, Sheikh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329150255/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live|quote=When news of NTR's untimely death due to a massive heart attack in the early hours of January 18 broke ...}}</ref> He was cremated and his ashes were immersed at [[Srirangapatna]] by his second wife Lakshmi Parvathi, eight years later, in May 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/17/stories/2004051704921200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040621124642/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/17/stories/2004051704921200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 June 2004 |title=National : Lakshmi Parvati immerses NTR's ashes in Cauvery |date=17 May 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> | N T Rama Rao died of a [[heart attack]] on 18 January 1996 at his residence in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], aged 72.<ref name="ntr death">{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715|title=A Legacy Under Siege|work=Outlook India|date=31 January 1996|access-date=22 October 2019|author=Rahman, Sheikh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329150255/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live|quote=When news of NTR's untimely death due to a massive heart attack in the early hours of January 18 broke ...}}</ref> He was cremated and his ashes were immersed at [[Srirangapatna]] by his second wife Lakshmi Parvathi, eight years later, in May 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/17/stories/2004051704921200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040621124642/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/17/stories/2004051704921200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 June 2004 |title=National : Lakshmi Parvati immerses NTR's ashes in Cauvery |date=17 May 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 August 2013}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
===Bibliography=== | |||
* {{Cite book |last=Narayan |first=S. Venkat |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |title=NTR: A Biography |date=1983 |isbn=0-7069-2404-5 |location=New Delhi |oclc=10432404}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||