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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name              = '''Bhai Manvir Singh Chaheru'''
| honorific_prefix  = Bhai
| name              = Manvir Singh Chaheru
| birth_date        = 1959
| birth_date        = 1959
| death_date        = December 1987
| death_date        = December 1987
| birth_place        = Village Chaheru, [[Kapurthala]], [[Punjab, India|Panjab]], [[India]]
| birth_place        = Village Chaheru, [[Kapurthala]], [[Punjab, India|Panjab]], [[India]]
| death_place        = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| death_place        = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| honorific_suffix  = Shaheed
| image              =  
| image              =  
| caption            =  
| caption            =  
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*Day-light attack on District Courts in Jalandhar, Punjab where six policemen were killed. Freed [[Labh Singh]], Sawarnjit Singh and Gurinder Singh Bhola from police custody.
*Day-light attack on District Courts in Jalandhar, Punjab where six policemen were killed. Freed [[Labh Singh]], Sawarnjit Singh and Gurinder Singh Bhola from police custody.
| awards            =  
| awards            =  
| laterwork          =
}}
}}


'''Bhai Manvir Singh Chaheru''' (also known as Manbir Singh, Iqbal Singh, Hari Singh and "General Manvir Singh Chaheru",) was a founder and first leader of the organization [[Khalistan Commando Force]].<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&q=hari+singh+khalistan&pg=PA242 |title=Encyclopedia of modern worldwide ... – Google Books |isbn=9780313324857 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Atkins |first1=Stephen E. |year=2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&q=hari+singh+khalistan&pg=RA2-PA153 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saGFAAAAMAAJ&q=hari+singh+khalistan |title=Violence as political discourse – Google Books |date=13 October 2008 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Singh |first1=Birinder Pal }}</ref>
'''Bhai Manvir Singh Chaheru''' (also known as "Bhai Manbir Singh Chaheru", Iqbal Singh, Hari Singh and "General Manvir Singh Chaheru",) was a founder and first leader of the organization [[Khalistan Commando Force]].<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&q=hari+singh+khalistan&pg=PA242 |title=Encyclopedia of modern worldwide ... – Google Books |isbn=9780313324857 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Atkins |first1=Stephen E. |year=2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&q=hari+singh+khalistan&pg=RA2-PA153 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saGFAAAAMAAJ&q=hari+singh+khalistan |title=Violence as political discourse – Google Books |date=13 October 2008 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Singh |first1=Birinder Pal |isbn=9788179860069 }}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==


Manvir Singh was born in 1959 in the village of Chaheru, [[Kapurthala]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0KAQAAIAAJ&q=born+chaheru |title=India today – Google Books |date=18 February 2009 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>
Manvir Singh was born in 1959 in the village of Chaheru, [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0KAQAAIAAJ&q=born+chaheru |title=India today – Google Books |date=18 February 2009 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>
His father, Mohinder Singh, was a farmer.
His father, Mohinder Singh, was a farmer.


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He and others, including [[Harjinder Singh Jinda]], [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]], [[Gurdev Singh Debu]], Mathra Singh and Tarsem Singh Kuhaar, established the [[Khalistan Commando Force]] and Manvir Singh Chaheru was declared its leader.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-3779873.html |title=WORLD NEWS BRIEFS – Chicago Sun-Times  |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>
He and others, including [[Harjinder Singh Jinda]], [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]], [[Gurdev Singh Debu]], Mathra Singh and Tarsem Singh Kuhaar, established the [[Khalistan Commando Force]] and Manvir Singh Chaheru was declared its leader.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-3779873.html |title=WORLD NEWS BRIEFS – Chicago Sun-Times  |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>


Manvir Singh set up the [[Khalistan Commando Force|KCF]] military hierarchy, but adhoc groups conducted most operations at the local level.<ref name="google1"/> Manvir Singh Chaheru the chief of sikh militant group [[Khalistan Commando Force]] admitted that he had received more than 60,000$ from Sikh organisations operating in Canada and Britain.<ref name="Pruthi162">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxndvJs3wUkC&q=khalistan+flag&pg=PA162|title=Sikhism and Indian Civilization|last1=Pruthi|first1=Raj|date=2004|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=9788171418794|page=162|accessdate=25 October 2018}}</ref>
Manvir Singh set up the [[Khalistan Commando Force|KCF]] military hierarchy, but ad hoc groups conducted most operations at the local level.<ref name="google1"/><ref name="Pruthi162">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxndvJs3wUkC&q=khalistan+flag&pg=PA162|title=Sikhism and Indian Civilization|last1=Pruthi|first1=Raj|date=2004|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=9788171418794|page=162|accessdate=25 October 2018}}</ref>


He participated in several encounters against Indian security forces.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&q=manbir+chaheru&pg=PA168 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref>
He participated in several encounters against Indian security forces.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&q=manbir+chaheru&pg=PA168 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref>
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When Sukhdev Singh and Sawarnjit Singh arrived under heavy police protection, Manvir Singh signalled them to go to the washrooms.
When Sukhdev Singh and Sawarnjit Singh arrived under heavy police protection, Manvir Singh signalled them to go to the washrooms.
Once they went, Manvir Singh and his partners opened fire on the policemen, the attackers killed four police officers inside the court complex and two at the courtyard gate.
Once they went, Manvir Singh and his partners opened fire on the policemen, the attackers killed four police officers inside the court complex and two at the courtyard gate.
They were able to free Sukhdev Singh Sukha, Sawarnjit Singh and Gurinder Singh Bhola.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&q=manbir+chaheru&pg=RA2-PA169 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QufTc6fAocC&q=general+labh+singh+fighting+for+faith+and+nation&pg=PA168 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N-UVAAAAIBAJ&pg=7064,1405115&dq=sukhdev-singh |title=Wilmington Morning Star, Apr 6, 1986 Sikhs kill 6 on courthouse steps |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Yp4OAAAAIBAJ&pg=6832,936053 |title=The Courier – Apr 6, 1986 |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58572255.html?dids=58572255:58572255&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+06%2C+1986&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=The+World+Sikhs+Kill+Six+Policemen&pqatl=google |title=Los Angeles Times – Apr 6, 1986 |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25001922.html?dids=25001922:25001922&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&date=Apr+06%2C+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=SIKH+GUNMEN+SLAY+6+COPS+IN+PUNJAB&pqatl=google |title=Chicago Tribune, Apr 5, 1986 |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ag0QAAAAIBAJ&pg=2974,4819350&dq=sukhdev+singh+court |title=The Free-Lance Star – Apr 5, 1986 |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Vc0LAAAAIBAJ&pg=2390,6468990&dq=sukhdev+singh+court |title=Ludington Daily News – Apr 4, 1986 |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TRoSAAAAIBAJ&pg=3324,3332405&dq=court+jullundur+police |title=The Spokesman-Review, Apr 6, 1986 |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QGgVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5549,1304617&dq=court+jullundur+police |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120717171703/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QGgVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5549,1304617&dq=court+jullundur+police |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2012 |title=Eugene Register-Guard – Apr 6, 1986 |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}} </ref>
They were able to free Sukhdev Singh Sukha, Sawarnjit Singh and Gurinder Singh Bhola.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA3yjdgyY9kC&q=manbir+chaheru&pg=RA2-PA169 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QufTc6fAocC&q=general+labh+singh+fighting+for+faith+and+nation&pg=PA168 |title=Fighting for faith and nation ... – Google Books |date= November 1996|isbn=0812215923 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N-UVAAAAIBAJ&pg=7064,1405115&dq=sukhdev-singh |title=Wilmington Morning Star, Apr 6, 1986 Sikhs kill 6 on courthouse steps |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Yp4OAAAAIBAJ&pg=6832,936053 |title=The Courier – Apr 6, 1986 |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58572255.html?dids=58572255:58572255&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+06%2C+1986&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=The+World+Sikhs+Kill+Six+Policemen&pqatl=google |title=Los Angeles Times – Apr 6, 1986 |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25001922.html?dids=25001922:25001922&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&date=Apr+06%2C+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=SIKH+GUNMEN+SLAY+6+COPS+IN+PUNJAB&pqatl=google |title=Chicago Tribune, Apr 5, 1986 |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ag0QAAAAIBAJ&pg=2974,4819350&dq=sukhdev+singh+court |title=The Free-Lance Star – Apr 5, 1986 |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Vc0LAAAAIBAJ&pg=2390,6468990&dq=sukhdev+singh+court |title=Ludington Daily News – Apr 4, 1986 |date=2 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TRoSAAAAIBAJ&pg=3324,3332405&dq=court+jullundur+police |title=The Spokesman-Review, Apr 6, 1986 |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QGgVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5549,1304617&dq=court+jullundur+police |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717171703/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QGgVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WOEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5549,1304617&dq=court+jullundur+police |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2012 |title=Eugene Register-Guard – Apr 6, 1986 |date=6 April 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}} </ref>


==Arrest and death==
==Arrest and death==
On 8 August 1986, Manvir Singh Chaheru was arrested along with Major Baldev Singh Ghuman, Charanjit Singh dhami and two other Sikhs when approximately 200 paramilitary troops raided Major Baldev Singh's farm House on bootan village the outskirts of city of [[Jalandhar]], in state of Punjab.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBuAAAAMAAJ&q=manbir+singh+baldev+singh |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab: unheard ... – Google Books |date=3 September 2008 |isbn=9781856493550 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Pettigrew |first1=Joyce }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24928368.html?dids=24928368:24928368&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&date=Aug+10%2C+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=INDIAN+RAID+CAPTURES+FUGITIVE+SIKH+LEADER&pqatl=google |title=Chicago Tribune |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PbMTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6842,2750498 |title=NEW Straits Times |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KW0VAAAAIBAJ&pg=1988,2265985 |title=The Register-Guard, Eugene, Oregon |date=11 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jTQTAAAAIBAJ&pg=1019,3484708 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120713021139/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jTQTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lfsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1019,3484708 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 July 2012 |title=The Ledger |date=11 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ajoRAAAAIBAJ&pg=3630,2687812&dq=manbir+singh |title=Gainesville Sun – Aug 10, 1986 |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dxEVAAAAIBAJ&pg=1914,4947815&dq=manbir+singh |title=Toledo Blade – Aug 10, 1986 |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511040351/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dxEVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OgMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1914,4947815&dq=manbir+singh |archive-date=11 May 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19860810&id=VhUVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5270,4783818 |title=Ocala Star-Banner – Aug 10, 1986 |date=11 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab police]] stated that there were two dozen murder cases registered against Chaheru by that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-3779873.html |title=WORLD NEWS BRIEFS – Chicago Sun-Times |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>
On 8 August 1986, Manvir Singh Chaheru was arrested along with Major Baldev Singh Ghuman, Charanjit Singh dhami and two other Sikhs when approximately 200 paramilitary troops raided Major Baldev Singh's farm House on bootan village the outskirts of city of [[Jalandhar]], in state of Punjab.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBuAAAAMAAJ&q=manbir+singh+baldev+singh |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab: unheard ... – Google Books |date=3 September 2008 |isbn=9781856493550 |accessdate=2009-08-09|last1=Pettigrew |first1=Joyce }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24928368.html?dids=24928368:24928368&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&date=Aug+10%2C+1986&author=Chicago+Tribune+wires&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=INDIAN+RAID+CAPTURES+FUGITIVE+SIKH+LEADER&pqatl=google |title=Chicago Tribune |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PbMTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6842,2750498 |title=NEW Straits Times |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KW0VAAAAIBAJ&pg=1988,2265985 |title=The Register-Guard, Eugene, Oregon |date=11 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jTQTAAAAIBAJ&pg=1019,3484708 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713021139/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jTQTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lfsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1019,3484708 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 July 2012 |title=The Ledger |date=11 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ajoRAAAAIBAJ&pg=3630,2687812&dq=manbir+singh |title=Gainesville Sun – Aug 10, 1986 |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dxEVAAAAIBAJ&pg=1914,4947815&dq=manbir+singh |title=Toledo Blade – Aug 10, 1986 |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511040351/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dxEVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OgMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1914,4947815&dq=manbir+singh |archive-date=11 May 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19860810&id=VhUVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5270,4783818 |title=Ocala Star-Banner – Aug 10, 1986 |date=11 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref> [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab police]] stated that there were two dozen murder cases registered against Chaheru by that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-3779873.html |title=WORLD NEWS BRIEFS – Chicago Sun-Times |publisher=Encyclopedia.com |date=10 August 1986 |accessdate=2009-08-09}}</ref>


It is unclear as to what led to his arrest. It is possible that government infiltrators whose aim was to plot the Gurjit Singh faction against Kahlon faction did this. Subsequently the committee members of Kahlon faction were killed by the Gurjit Singh faction.{{Clarify|This seems to have been damaged in one of the many edit wars here|date=June 2009}}
It is unclear as to what led to his arrest. It is possible that government infiltrators whose aim was to plot the Gurjit Singh faction against Kahlon faction did this. Subsequently the committee members of Kahlon faction were killed by the Gurjit Singh faction.{{Clarify|This seems to have been damaged in one of the many edit wars here|date=June 2009}}
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[[Category:Sikh terrorism]]
[[Category:Sikh terrorism]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]
[[Category:1980s murders in India]]
[[Category:1986 murders in India]]
[[Category:1986 crimes in India]]
[[Category:1987 murders in India]]
[[Category:1987 crimes in India]]
[[Category:1987 murders in Asia]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
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