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{{short description| | {{short description|Medieval fort in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | ||
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|caption = View of Mehrangarh Fort | |caption = View of Mehrangarh Fort | ||
|map_type = India Rajasthan | |map_type = India Rajasthan | ||
|map_size = | |map_size = 300px | ||
|map_caption = | |map_caption = | ||
|type = [[Fort]] | |type = [[Fort]] | ||
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|condition = | |condition = | ||
|open_to_public = Yes | |open_to_public = Yes | ||
|controlledby = [[Gaj Singh| | |controlledby = [[Gaj Singh|Gaj Singh]] | ||
|garrison = | |garrison = | ||
|current_commander = | |current_commander = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Mehrangarh Fort''' covers an area of 1,200 acres (486 hectares) in [[Jodhpur]], Rajasthan, India. The complex is located on a hilltop around 122 metres above the surrounding plain,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mehrangarh.org/mehrangarh-2/history/ |title = History - Mehrangarh Museum Trust}}</ref> and was constructed circa 1459 by Rajput ruler [[Rao Jodha]], though most of the existing structure is from the 17th century. Inside its boundaries there are several palaces known for their intricate carvings and expansive courtyards, as well as a museum housing various relics. A winding road leads to and from the city below. The imprints of the impact of cannonballs fired by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate. | '''Mehrangarh Fort''' covers an area of 1,200 acres (486 hectares) in [[Jodhpur]], Rajasthan, India. The complex is located on a hilltop around 122 metres above the surrounding plain,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mehrangarh.org/mehrangarh-2/history/ |title = History - Mehrangarh Museum Trust}}</ref> and was constructed {{circa|1459}} by Rajput ruler [[Rao Jodha]], though most of the existing structure is from the 17th century. Inside its boundaries there are several palaces known for their intricate carvings and expansive courtyards, as well as a museum housing various relics. A winding road leads to and from the city below. The imprints of the impact of cannonballs fired by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate. At the north-east of the fort is the ''[[chhatri]]'' of Kirat Singh Soda, a soldier who fell on the spot defending Mehrangarh. | ||
There are seven gates, which include Jai Pol (meaning 'victory gate'), built by [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]] to commemorate his victories over the Jaipur and Bikaner armies in 1806. The Fattehpol (also meaning 'victory gate'), commemorates victory of Maharaja [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]] over the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. | There are seven gates, which include Jai Pol (meaning 'victory gate'), built by [[Man Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Man Singh]] to commemorate his victories over the Jaipur and Bikaner armies in 1806. The Fattehpol (also meaning 'victory gate'), commemorates victory of Maharaja [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]] over the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. | ||
Some of the notable festivals taking place here include the World Sacred Spirit Festival and [[Rajasthan International Folk Festival]] | Some of the notable festivals taking place here include the World Sacred Spirit Festival and [[Rajasthan International Folk Festival]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[Jodha of Mandore|Rao Jodha]], the chief of the Rathore clan, is credited with the origin of Jodhpur in India.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vyas|first=S.P.|date=2007|title=Water supply system in the fort of Jodhpur|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=68|pages=1423|jstor=44145652}}</ref> He founded Jodhpur in 1459 as the capital of Marwar ([[Mandore]] was the previous capital). He was one of [[Ranmal]]'s 24 sons and became the fifteenth [[Rathore]] ruler. One year after his accession to the throne, Jodha decided to move his capital to the safer location of Jodhpur, as the one thousand years old [[Mandore]] fort was no longer considered to provide sufficient security. | [[Jodha of Mandore|Rao Jodha]], the chief of the Rathore clan, is credited with the origin of Jodhpur in India.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vyas|first=S.P.|date=2007|title=Water supply system in the fort of Jodhpur|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=68|pages=1423|jstor=44145652}}</ref> He founded Jodhpur in 1459 as the capital of Marwar ([[Mandore]] was the previous capital). He was one of [[Ranmal]]'s 24 sons and became the fifteenth [[Rathore]] ruler. One year after his accession to the throne, Jodha decided to move his capital to the safer location of Jodhpur, as the one thousand years old [[Mandore]] fort was no longer considered to provide sufficient security. | ||
With the trusted aid of Rao Nara (son of Rao Samra), the Mewar forces were subdued at Mandore. With that, Rao Jodha gave Rao Nara the title of Diwan. With the help of Rao Nara, the foundation of the fort was decided on 12 May 1459<ref name="Mehrangarh Fort-Jodhpur">[http://www.maharajajodhpur.com/fort/fort_hist.htm Mehrangarh Fort-Jodhpur<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120141657/http://www.maharajajodhpur.com/fort/fort_hist.htm |date=20 November 2008 }}</ref> by Jodha on a rocky hill {{convert|9|km}} to the south of Mandore. This hill was known as Bhakurcheeria, the mountain of birds. | With the trusted aid of Rao Nara (son of Rao Samra), the Mewar forces were subdued at Mandore. With that, Rao Jodha gave Rao Nara the title of Diwan. With the help of Rao Nara, the foundation of the fort was decided on 12 May 1459<ref name="Mehrangarh Fort-Jodhpur">[http://www.maharajajodhpur.com/fort/fort_hist.htm Mehrangarh Fort-Jodhpur<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120141657/http://www.maharajajodhpur.com/fort/fort_hist.htm |date=20 November 2008 }}</ref> by Jodha on a rocky hill {{convert|9|km}} to the south of Mandore. This hill was known as Bhakurcheeria, the mountain of birds. | ||
According to legend to build the fort he had to displace the hill's sole human occupant, a hermit called Cheeria Nathji, the lord of birds. Cheeria Nathji was a man with the local population as his followers and hence influential in the region. When requested to move he refused categorically. This happened many times. Rao Jodha then took extreme measures and sought help from another more powerful saint, | According to legend to build the fort he had to displace the hill's sole human occupant, a hermit called Cheeria Nathji, the lord of birds. Cheeria Nathji was a man with the local population as his followers and hence influential in the region. When requested to move he refused categorically. This happened many times. Rao Jodha then took extreme measures and sought help from another more powerful saint, [[Karni Mata]] of [[Deshnoke]]. At the request of the king, she came and asked Cheeria Nathji to quit immediately. Seeing a superior power he left at once but cursed Rao Jodha with words "Jodha! May your citadel ever suffer a scarcity of water!". Rao Jodha managed to appease the hermit by building a house and a temple in the fort. Karni Mata laid down the foundation stone of the Mehrangarh Fort. Today only the forts of [[Bikaner]] and Jodhpur remain in the hands of [[Rathore]]s, both had their foundation stones laid by [[Karni Mata|Shri Karni Mata]]. All other Rajput forts of Rajasthan were abandoned for some or the other reasons by the respective clans. Only the Rathores of Jodhpur and Bikaner have their forts with them till date. This fact is considered a miracle by the local population and is attributed to Shri Karni Mata. [[Rao Jodha]] also granted villages of [[Mathania, Jodhpur|Mathania]] and Chopasni to the two [[Charan]] warlords who were sent by him to request [[Karni Mata|maa Mehaai]] to come to Jodhpur.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Ujwal |first=Kailash Dan S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkkqAAAAYAAJ |title=Bhagwati Shri Karniji Maharaj: A Biography |date=1985 |publisher=<nowiki>[s.n.]]</nowiki> |language=en}}</ref> | ||
To ensure that the new site proved propitious; he buried a man of the [[Meghwal]] caste called "Raja Ram Meghwal", who offered his services voluntarily, alive in the foundations as this was considered auspicious those days. "Raja Ram Meghwal" was promised that in return his family would be looked after by the Rathores. His family was granted land and to this day his descendants still live in Raj Bag, near Soor Sagar. | To ensure that the new site proved propitious; he buried a man of the [[Meghwal]] caste called "Raja Ram Meghwal", who offered his services voluntarily, alive in the foundations as this was considered auspicious those days. "Raja Ram Meghwal" was promised that in return his family would be looked after by the Rathores. His family was granted land and to this day his descendants still live in Raj Bag, near Soor Sagar. | ||
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===Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park=== | ===Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park=== | ||
[[Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park]], spreads over 72 hectares, adjoining Mehrangarh Fort. The park contains [[Ecological restoration|ecologically restored]] desert and arid land vegetation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/in-school/sh-science/reclaiming-the-desert/article6263279.ece|title=Reclaiming the desert|date=2014-07-30|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-10/23/c_132822528.htm|title=Rao Jodhpur desert rock park - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref> The park was created in 2006 to try and restore the natural ecology of a large, rocky area adjoining and below the fort and opened to the public in February 2011. The area in and around the park contains distinctive volcanic rock formations such as [[rhyolite]], with [[Tuff|welded tuff]], and [[breccia]], [[sandstone]] formations. The park includes a Visitors Centre with Interpretation Gallery, a native plant nursery, small shop and cafe. | [[Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park]], spreads over 72 hectares, adjoining Mehrangarh Fort. The park contains [[Ecological restoration|ecologically restored]] desert and arid land vegetation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/in-school/sh-science/reclaiming-the-desert/article6263279.ece|title=Reclaiming the desert|date=2014-07-30|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-10/23/c_132822528.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031045616/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-10/23/c_132822528.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2013|title=Rao Jodhpur desert rock park - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=news.xinhuanet.com|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref> The park was created in 2006 to try and restore the natural ecology of a large, rocky area adjoining and below the fort and opened to the public in February 2011. The area in and around the park contains distinctive volcanic rock formations such as [[rhyolite]], with [[Tuff|welded tuff]], and [[breccia]], [[sandstone]] formations. The park includes a Visitors Centre with Interpretation Gallery, a native plant nursery, small shop and cafe. | ||
==2008 stampede== | ==2008 stampede== | ||
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{{commons category|Mehrangarh Fort}} | {{commons category|Mehrangarh Fort}} | ||
* {{official|mehrangarh.org}} | * {{official|mehrangarh.org}} | ||
{{Forts in Rajasthan}} | {{Forts in Rajasthan}} | ||