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{{Short description|Town in Karnataka}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | ||
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = | | name = Hangal | ||
| other_name = | | other_name = | ||
| nickname = | | nickname = | ||
| settlement_type = town | | settlement_type = town | ||
| image_skyline = Hangal Tarakeshwara temple half (back).jpg | | image_skyline = Hangal Tarakeshwara temple half (back).jpg | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption = Hangal Tarakeshwara temple | | image_caption = Hangal Tarakeshwara temple | ||
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka | | pushpin_map = India#India Karnataka | ||
| pushpin_relief = yes | |||
| pushpin_label_position = right | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_alt = | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
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| subdivision_type4 = [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]] | | subdivision_type4 = [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]] | ||
| subdivision_name4 = [[Haveri]] | | subdivision_name4 = [[Haveri]] | ||
| subdivision_type5 = Nearest Large City | subdivision_name5 = [[Hubli-Dharwad]] | |||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| established_date = | | established_date = | ||
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| area_code = 08379 | | area_code = 08379 | ||
| registration_plate = KA-27 | | registration_plate = KA-27 | ||
| website = {{URL| | | website = {{URL|hanagaltown.gov.in}} | ||
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]] | | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]] | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Hangal | '''Hangal''', is a historic town in [[Karnataka]], It is {{cvt|80|km}} away from [[Hubli]] through [[National Highway 766E (India)|NH 766E]]. | ||
==Location== | ==Location== | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
Hungal is recorded as ''Panungal'' in early documents. It was once the capital of a [[feudatory]] of the [[Kadambas]].<ref>[http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/get_chap.asp "Handbook of Karnataka."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207050740/http://gazetteer.kar.nic.in/get_chap.asp |date=7 December 2008 }} Gazetteer Accessed 11 August 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.nupam.com/postg1.html "The Kadambas of Hangal."] Nupam.com Accessed 11 August 2008</ref><ref>Moreas G. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&pg=PA295 "The Kadamba Kula."] at Google books.co Accessed 9 March 2009.</ref><ref>[http://prabhu.50g.com/southind/kadamba/south_kadambah.html "The Kadambas of Hangal."] Prabhu.50g.com Accessed 11 August 2008.</ref> The [[Kadambas]] was an ancient dynasty of south India which ruled the region of the present-day state of [[Goa]] and nearby [[Konkan]] region from around {{nowrap|AD 485}} until the 11th century. They built temples in Hangal in the [[Jainism|Jain]] tradition.<ref>[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/g/019pho000001003u01936000.html "General view of a small ruined Jain temple in the Fort, Hangal."] At Google Books.co Accessed 17 October 2008.</ref> In medieval epigraphs, it is known as Viratakote and Viratanagari, that is the fort and the city of Virata. According to local legends, it is believed to be the place where the [[Pandavas]] spent the thirteenth year of their exile.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka|author=George M. Moraes|publisher=Asian Educational Services, 1995 - History - 504 pages|page=105}}</ref> | Hungal is recorded as ''Panungal'' in early documents. It was once the capital of a [[feudatory]] of the [[Kadambas]].<ref>[http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/get_chap.asp "Handbook of Karnataka."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207050740/http://gazetteer.kar.nic.in/get_chap.asp |date=7 December 2008 }} Gazetteer Accessed 11 August 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.nupam.com/postg1.html "The Kadambas of Hangal."] Nupam.com Accessed 11 August 2008</ref><ref>Moreas G. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&pg=PA295 "The Kadamba Kula."] at Google books.co Accessed 9 March 2009.</ref><ref>[http://prabhu.50g.com/southind/kadamba/south_kadambah.html "The Kadambas of Hangal."] Prabhu.50g.com Accessed 11 August 2008.</ref> The [[Kadambas]] was an ancient dynasty of south India which ruled the region of the present-day state of [[Goa]] and nearby [[Konkan]] region from around {{nowrap|AD 485}} until the 11th century. They built temples in Hangal in the [[Jainism|Jain]] tradition.<ref>[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/g/019pho000001003u01936000.html "General view of a small ruined Jain temple in the Fort, Hangal."] At Google Books.co Accessed 17 October 2008.</ref> In medieval epigraphs, it is known as Viratakote and Viratanagari, that is the fort and the city of Virata. According to local legends, it is believed to be the place where the [[Pandavas]] spent the thirteenth year of their exile.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka|author=[[George M. Moraes]]|publisher=Asian Educational Services, 1995 - History - 504 pages|page=105}}</ref> | ||
Hanagal is also known for Agnihotra (three Kunda shroutagni) which was practised by Shrotriya Samrat Brahmashri Chayanayaji—Girishastri Kashikar—for seven generations till 1973. | Hanagal is also known for Agnihotra (three Kunda shroutagni) which was practised by Shrotriya Samrat Brahmashri Chayanayaji—Girishastri Kashikar—for seven generations till 1973. | ||
Around 1031, the [[Hoysalas]] took and held Hangal. In 1060, [[Mallikarjuna (Shilahara dynasty)|Mallikarjuna]] of the [[Shilahara]] laid siege to Hangal.<ref>Moraes G. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&pg=PA132&dq=hangal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBGoVChMI_NqNy8iAyQIVZ9ymCh2gCgHT#v=onepage&q=hangal&f=false "The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka."] Asian Educational Services, 1995 p129. {{ISBN|8120605950}}, 9788120605954.</ref> | Around 1031, the [[Hoysalas]] took and held Hangal. In 1060, [[Mallikarjuna (Shilahara dynasty)|Mallikarjuna]] of the [[Shilahara]] laid siege to Hangal.<ref>[[George M. Moraes|Moraes G.]] [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&pg=PA132&dq=hangal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBGoVChMI_NqNy8iAyQIVZ9ymCh2gCgHT#v=onepage&q=hangal&f=false "The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka."] Asian Educational Services, 1995 p129. {{ISBN|8120605950}}, 9788120605954.</ref> | ||
In the 12th century, Hangal was held by the Kalalyani Chalukyas, rulers of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>Pigou W. [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/h/019pho0000965s1u00042000.html "Hungul, a temple."] 1857. At Bl.uk online gallery. Accessed 13 March 2009.</ref> The Chalukyas built temples in the [[Gadag]] architectural style, from grey-green coloured chloritic [[schist]].<ref>[http://prabhu.50g.com/southind/kadamba/south_kadambah.html "The Kadambas of Hangal."] Prabhu.50g.com Accessed 13 March 2009.</ref> | In the 12th century, Hangal was held by the Kalalyani Chalukyas, rulers of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]].<ref>Pigou W. [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/h/019pho0000965s1u00042000.html "Hungul, a temple."] 1857. At Bl.uk online gallery. Accessed 13 March 2009.</ref> The Chalukyas built temples in the [[Gadag]] architectural style, from grey-green coloured chloritic [[schist]].<ref>[http://prabhu.50g.com/southind/kadamba/south_kadambah.html "The Kadambas of Hangal."] Prabhu.50g.com Accessed 13 March 2009.</ref> | ||
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==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
[[File:Hangal Taluk.jpg|thumb|left|Hangal Taluk Map]] | |||
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>[http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16 "Census of India 2001."] Census commission of India. Accessed 1 November 2008.</ref> Hangal had a population of 25,011. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Hangal had an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 67%, and female literacy was 60%. 14% of the population is under six years of age. | {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>[http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16 "Census of India 2001."] Census commission of India. Accessed 1 November 2008.</ref> Hangal had a population of 25,011. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Hangal had an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 67%, and female literacy was 60%. 14% of the population is under six years of age. | ||
==Politics== | |||
[[Srinivas Mane]] of [[Indian National Congress]] party is the MLA representing the [[Hangal (Vidhana Sabha constituency)]] since 2 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanagal Bypoll: Setback for K'taka CM Bommai in Home Turf, Cong Win Boosts Party's Morale |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/hanagal-sindgi-karnataka-bengaluru-basavaraj-bommai-congress-bjp-4393967.html |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=News18 |date=2 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||