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Devanahalli Fort: Difference between revisions
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'''Devanahalli Fort''' is located 35 kilometers (22 mi) north of Bangalore city, at Devanahalli in the State of Karnataka, India. Chieftain Malla Byre Gowda of Avathi, a [[Vijayanagara empire]]<nowiki/>vassal, built a mud fort in c. 1501 at Devanadoddi (now called Devanahalli). In the late 18th century, [[Hyder Ali]] re-constructed the fort in stone resulting in the current structure. | '''Devanahalli Fort''' is located 35 kilometers (22 mi) north of Bangalore city, at Devanahalli in the State of Karnataka, India. Chieftain Malla Byre Gowda of Avathi, a [[Vijayanagara empire]]<nowiki/>vassal, built a mud fort in c. 1501 at Devanadoddi (now called Devanahalli). In the late 18th century, [[Hyder Ali]] re-constructed the fort in stone resulting in the current structure. | ||
It was originally built in 1501 by Mallabairegowda,<ref name="tipusultan">{{cite web|url=http://www.tipusultan.org/even18.htm|title=A frozen moment of history|publisher=tipusultan.org|access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref><ref name="deccanherald">{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Mar112008/spectrum2008031056592.asp|title=A forgotten fort?|date=11 March 2008|publisher=deccanherald|access-date=2009-01-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020105/http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Mar112008/spectrum2008031056592.asp|archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="karnatakatourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatakatourism.org/nature_arround_NandiHills.htm |title=Around Nandi Hills |publisher=karnatakatourism.org |access-date=2009-01-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119161343/http://karnatakatourism.org/nature_arround_NandiHills.htm |archive-date=19 November 2008 }}</ref><ref name=Iyer-Forts>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Meera|title=A tale of Bangalore and its four forts|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/357444/a-tale-bangalore-its-four.html|access-date=2 February 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=11 September 2013}}</ref> which remained in the hands of his descendants until the mid–eighteenth century. In 1749, the then Dalwai of [[Mysore]], Nanjarajaiah, attacked the fort and [[Military occupation|occupied]] it. | It was originally built in 1501 by Mallabairegowda,<ref name="tipusultan">{{cite web|url=http://www.tipusultan.org/even18.htm|title=A frozen moment of history|publisher=tipusultan.org|access-date=2009-01-19|archive-date=31 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131034819/http://tipusultan.org/even18.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="deccanherald">{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Mar112008/spectrum2008031056592.asp|title=A forgotten fort?|date=11 March 2008|publisher=deccanherald|access-date=2009-01-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020105/http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Mar112008/spectrum2008031056592.asp|archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="karnatakatourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.karnatakatourism.org/nature_arround_NandiHills.htm |title=Around Nandi Hills |publisher=karnatakatourism.org |access-date=2009-01-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119161343/http://karnatakatourism.org/nature_arround_NandiHills.htm |archive-date=19 November 2008 }}</ref><ref name=Iyer-Forts>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Meera|title=A tale of Bangalore and its four forts|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/357444/a-tale-bangalore-its-four.html|access-date=2 February 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=11 September 2013}}</ref> which remained in the hands of his descendants until the mid–eighteenth century. In 1749, the then Dalwai of [[Mysore]], Nanjarajaiah, attacked the fort and [[Military occupation|occupied]] it. | ||
Later, the fort passed into the hands of [[Hyder Ali]] and subsequently [[Tipu Sultan]].<ref name="deccanherald" /> In 1791, [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] laid [[siege]] to the fort and took possession during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|Anglo-Mysore War]]. | Later, the fort passed into the hands of [[Hyder Ali]] and subsequently [[Tipu Sultan]].<ref name="deccanherald" /> In 1791, [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] laid [[siege]] to the fort and took possession during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|Anglo-Mysore War]]. | ||
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The history of Devanahalli dates back to 15th century, when a family of fleeing refugees from Conjeevaram (modern day [[Kanchi]]), camped near the foot of Ramaswami betta, east of [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]]. Their leader Rana Baire Gowda was apparently directed in a dream to set up a settlement in this region. He and his ''Morasu Wokkalu'' family settled in a small village, Ahuti, which was later known as Avati. His son Malla Baire Gowda founded Devanahalli, Chikka-ballapura and Dodda-ballapura. [[Kempegowda I|Kempegowda]], the founder of Bangalore city is also from ''Morasu Wokkalu'' family.<ref name="citizenmatters" /> | The history of Devanahalli dates back to 15th century, when a family of fleeing refugees from Conjeevaram (modern day [[Kanchi]]), camped near the foot of Ramaswami betta, east of [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]]. Their leader Rana Baire Gowda was apparently directed in a dream to set up a settlement in this region. He and his ''Morasu Wokkalu'' family settled in a small village, Ahuti, which was later known as Avati. His son Malla Baire Gowda founded Devanahalli, Chikka-ballapura and Dodda-ballapura. [[Kempegowda I|Kempegowda]], the founder of Bangalore city is also from ''Morasu Wokkalu'' family.<ref name="citizenmatters" /> | ||
Devanahalli was part of [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Gangawadi]] and later came under the rule of [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty|Rashatrakutas]], Nolamba, [[Pallavas]], [[Cholas]], [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] rulers. During the time of | Devanahalli was part of [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Gangawadi]] and later came under the rule of [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty|Rashatrakutas]], Nolamba, [[Pallavas]], [[Cholas]], [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] rulers. During the time of Vijayanagara rule, Malla Baire constructed the initial mud fort in 1501 AD with the consent of Devaraya at Devanadoddi, the previous name of Devanahalli. In 1747 AD, the fort passed into the hands of the [[Wodeyar]]s of [[Mysore]] under the command of Nanja Raja. It was conquered many times from the [[Marathas]] and later came under the control of [[Hyder Ali|Haider Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]]. | ||
[[File:Devanahalli Fort 11.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Fort entrance]] | [[File:Devanahalli Fort 11.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Fort entrance]] | ||
Tipu also renamed it as Yousafabad (the abode of Yousuf, the finest man) which never got popular.<ref name="wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://ellakavi.wordpress.com/2006/10/21/devanahalli-here-a-star-was-born-birthplace-of-tipu-sultan/|title=Devanahalli:: Here, a star was born :: - Birthplace of Tipu Sultan|date=March 2005|access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref> The fort finally fell into the British, under [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] in 1791, during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|Mysore War]]. | Tipu also renamed it as Yousafabad (the abode of Yousuf, the finest man) which never got popular.<ref name="wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://ellakavi.wordpress.com/2006/10/21/devanahalli-here-a-star-was-born-birthplace-of-tipu-sultan/|title=Devanahalli:: Here, a star was born :: - Birthplace of Tipu Sultan|date=March 2005|access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref> The fort finally fell into the British, under [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] in 1791, during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|Mysore War]]. | ||
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A ''teru'' is the big chariot used to parade the idol of Gopalaswamy around the town once a year. | A ''teru'' is the big chariot used to parade the idol of Gopalaswamy around the town once a year. | ||
A few yards away from the Venugopalaswamy temple is Siddalingeshwara temple. Next to this temple is a ''Raghavendraswamy Math''. Across the street is another age old temple, Chandramouleshwara Temple. It has a spacious inner ''[[prakara]]'' is built in [[Vijayanagara]] style. The Garbhagriha has a ''[[shivalinga]]'', and there are two cells on either | A few yards away from the Venugopalaswamy temple is Siddalingeshwara temple. Next to this temple is a ''Raghavendraswamy Math''. Across the street is another age old temple, Chandramouleshwara Temple. It has a spacious inner ''[[prakara]]'' and is built in [[Vijayanagara]] style. The Garbhagriha has a ''[[shivalinga]]'', and there are two cells on either side with idols of lord [[Ganapati]] and goddess [[Parvati]] enshrined respectively. On the left of the main road stands another temple dedicated to [[Anjaneya]] known as Sarovaranjaneya temple. | ||
The Nanjundeshwara temple is a small building with two cells in a line and a common ''[[navaranga]]''. It is said that this was earlier called Kashi Vishveshwara and is regarded as the oldest temple in the town. | The Nanjundeshwara temple is a small building with two cells in a line and a common ''[[navaranga]]''. It is said that this was earlier called Kashi Vishveshwara and is regarded as the oldest temple in the town. | ||