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{{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile}} | {{Short description|Indian surface-to-air missile}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=December | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox weapon | {{Infobox weapon | ||
| name = QRSAM | | name = QRSAM | ||
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| Range Launcher: ~800 km | | Range Launcher: ~800 km | ||
| transport = | | transport = | ||
<!-- For all -->| ref = <ref name="DRDO">{{Cite web|title=QRSAM|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/qrsam|website=www.drdo.gov.in|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref><ref name="addr-3may16">{{cite magazine |last1=Menon |first1=Jay |title=India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM |journal=Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |date=3 May 2016 |page=4 |publisher=Aviation Week |issn=1553-8591}}</ref><ref name="complete"/><ref>{{cite web|title=QRSAM again successfully test-fired|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/qrsam-again-successfully-test-fired---.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=25 December | <!-- For all -->| ref = <ref name="DRDO">{{Cite web|title=QRSAM|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/qrsam|website=www.drdo.gov.in|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref><ref name="addr-3may16">{{cite magazine |last1=Menon |first1=Jay |title=India to develop Quick-Reaction SAM |journal=Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |date=3 May 2016 |page=4 |publisher=Aviation Week |issn=1553-8591}}</ref><ref name="complete"/><ref>{{cite web|title=QRSAM again successfully test-fired|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/qrsam-again-successfully-test-fired---.html|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2020/11/india-wraps-development-trials-for.html|title= India Wraps Development Trials For QRSAM Missile That Can Shoot Plane 25 Km Away |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile''' ('''QRSAM''') is a [[surface-to-air missile|missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] for the [[Indian Army]],<ref name="jdw-6jun17"/> meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.<ref name="DRDO"/> | '''Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile''' ('''QRSAM''') is a [[surface-to-air missile|missile]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] for the [[Indian Army]],<ref name="jdw-6jun17"/> meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks.<ref name="DRDO"/> | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete [[Osa-AK]] and [[2K12 Kub|Kvadrat]] missile systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in September 2007.<ref name="addr-3may16"/> The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |title=Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System |url=https://www.defensenews.com/home/2016/04/06/indian-army-seeks-new-source-of-surface-to-air-missile-defense-system/ |work=Defense News |date=8 August | As a part of a replacement program for its obsolete [[Osa-AK]] and [[2K12 Kub|Kvadrat]] missile systems, Indian Army received a go-ahead to initiate a global acquisition program for quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles from the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in September 2007.<ref name="addr-3may16"/> The acquisition program faced multiple issues, including poor response from vendors and re-tendering to avoid single source acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |title=Indian Army Seeks New Source of Surface-to-Air Missile Defense System |url=https://www.defensenews.com/home/2016/04/06/indian-army-seeks-new-source-of-surface-to-air-missile-defense-system/ |work=Defense News |date=8 August 2017}}</ref> In the meanwhile, a DRDO project to develop quick-reaction surface-to-air missiles was sanctioned in July 2014 with a budget of {{INRConvert|476.43|c|year=2014}}.<ref>{{cite press release |title=DRDO Projects |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |date=3 February 2017}}</ref> The missile was developed in association with [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] with both firms participating in development and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghaswalla |first1=Amrita Nair |title=BEL's research spend up 10% of revenue |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/bels-research-spend-up-10-of-revenue/article9610597.ece |work=The Hindu Business Line |publisher=The Hindu Group |date=31 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Sushil |title=Quick Reaction Missile to be developed by BDL and DRDO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Quick-Reaction-Missile-to-be-developed-by-BDL-and-DRDO/articleshow/52054713.cms |work=The Times of India |publisher=The Times Group |date=30 April 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Indian Army's global acquisition program was dropped in favour of the locally developed QRSAM.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} | ||
The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after use trials.<ref name="THDec20"/> | The operational version meanwhile is awaiting production in mid-2021 after use trials.<ref name="THDec20"/> | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
It's a compact and highly mobile [[air defence system]] system mounted on [[Ashok Leyland Defence Systems]] 8x8 truck, designed to provide 360 degree defence coverage. The [[transporter erector launcher]] (TEL) of the system is developed by [[Larsen & Toubro]], while missiles are manufactured by [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]. Each launcher has 6 missiles and can target 6 different targets.<ref name="THDec20" /> The QRSAM has [[electronic counter-countermeasure]] capabilities to remain immune to [[Radar jamming and deception|jamming]].<ref name="jdw-6jun17">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested|date=6 June 2017|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|archive-date=6 June | It's a compact and highly mobile [[air defence system]] system mounted on [[Ashok Leyland Defence Systems]] 8x8 truck, designed to provide 360 degree defence coverage. The [[transporter erector launcher]] (TEL) of the system is developed by [[Larsen & Toubro]], while missiles are manufactured by [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]. Each launcher has 6 missiles and can target 6 different targets.<ref name="THDec20" /> The QRSAM has [[electronic counter-countermeasure]] capabilities to remain immune to [[Radar jamming and deception|jamming]].<ref name="jdw-6jun17">{{Cite web|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|url=http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|title=Indian DRDO-designed QRSAM successfully tested|date=6 June 2017|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606141337/http://www.janes.com/article/71161/indian-drdo-designed-qrsam-successfully-tested|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> The single-staged missile utilized by the system is propelled using [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]]. The missile is equipped with a midcourse [[inertial navigation system]] with a two-way data link and a [[DRDO]]-developed terminal active radar seeker.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=DRDO surface-to-air missile shoots down aerial target in latest test |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drdo-surface-to-air-missile-shoots-down-aerial-target-in-latest-test/story-XjnHy11SCLkMO7hZ724eHL.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The missile has laser [[proximity fuze]] developed by [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]], to increase accuracy and reduces its susceptibility to jamming.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2020}}</ref> The system has the capability to search and track targets while moving.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1597212|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile successfully flight-tested off Odisha coast|date=23 December 2019|website=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]|via=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> | ||
Its [[command and control]] system, target acquisition and fire control are fully automated.<ref name="THDec20" /><ref name=":0" /> The surveillance and fire control radars developed by [[Bharat Electronics Limited]], namely, the ''Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar'' and the ''Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar'' are four walled, configured to provide 360 degree coverage.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="THDec20" /> The QRSAM has a maximum range of {{cvt|30|km}} and can intercept targets flying at {{cvt|10|km}} altitude. According to DRDO, currently the QRSAM has 90% indigenous component, which is projected to increase 99% incrementally.<ref name="THDec20">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-06|title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref> | Its [[command and control]] system, target acquisition and fire control are fully automated.<ref name="THDec20" /><ref name=":0" /> The surveillance and fire control radars developed by [[Bharat Electronics Limited]], namely, the ''Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar'' and the ''Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar'' are four walled, configured to provide 360 degree coverage.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="THDec20" /> The QRSAM has a maximum range of {{cvt|30|km}} and can intercept targets flying at {{cvt|10|km}} altitude. According to DRDO, currently the QRSAM has 90% indigenous component, which is projected to increase 99% incrementally.<ref name="THDec20">{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-06|title=Indigenous quick reaction air defence system to be ready for production next year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-quick-reaction-air-defence-system-to-be-ready-for-production-next-year/article33260806.ece|location=New Delhi|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref> | ||
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== Testing == | == Testing == | ||
[[File:QRSAM test.webm|thumb|QRSAM test with live warhead on 17 November 2020. ]] | [[File:QRSAM test.webm|thumb|QRSAM test with live warhead on 17 November 2020. ]] | ||
The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-fired-4733819/|title=Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired|date=3 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=23 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100 scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL). DRDO's other labs including [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]] (R&DE(E)) and [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR) are also contributing to the missile development effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/drdo-s-quick-reaction-missile-hits-target-in-30-seconds-1.2059244|title=DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds|work=Mathrubhumi|date=3 July 2017|access-date=23 December | The first test firing of the missile took place on 4 June 2017. This was followed by the second successful test on 3 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-fired-4733819/|title=Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile successfully test fired|date=3 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=23 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The test was conducted from Chandipur, Odisha. Around 100 scientists are working as part of the missile development program led by [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL). DRDO's other labs including [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]] (R&DE(E)) and [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR) are also contributing to the missile development effort.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/drdo-s-quick-reaction-missile-hits-target-in-30-seconds-1.2059244|title=DRDO's quick reaction missile hits target in 30 seconds|work=Mathrubhumi|date=3 July 2017|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> On 22 December, the missile was test fired for the third time. The test was reported to be a success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rout|first=Hemant Kumar|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/dec/23/drdos-homegrown-quick-reaction-missile-qrsam-successfully-test-fired-off-odisha-coast-1734849.html|title=DRDO's homegrown quick reaction missile QRSAM successfully test fired off Odisha coast|work=The New Indian Express|date=23 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=Setback for Indian missile programme: Two failures in a week, submarine version stuck |url=https://theprint.in/report/setback-for-indian-missile-programme-two-failures-in-a-week-submarine-version-stuck/24671/ |work=The Print |date=24 December 2017}}</ref> The fourth test took place on 8 October 2018 and was reported to be successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=DRDO testfires quick reaction missile off Odisha coast |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/oct/10/drdo-testfires-quick-reaction-missile-off-odisha-coast-1883553.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Fifth test was successfully performed on 26 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1566363#|title=Twin Success for Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|date=26 February 2019|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> The sixth test was conducted on 4 August 2019 at 11:05 am from a mobile truck-based launcher at the launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile/articleshow/70520608.cms|title=India test-fires Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile|date=2019-08-04|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref> The seventh-test took place on 23 December 2019 from [[Abdul Kalam Island]], which included two firings of the missile. With this test, the development of the missile was declared complete.<ref name="complete">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-completes-development-trials/article30382246.ece|title=Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile completes development trials|date=2019-12-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-23|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
On 13 November 2020, DRDO successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-11-14|title=DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-120111400264_1.html|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref> | On 13 November 2020, DRDO successfully conducted test fire of the system and achieved a major milestone by a direct hit on to a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] pilot-less target aircraft at medium range and medium altitude.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|date=2020-11-14|title=DRDO successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-quick-reaction-surface-to-air-missile-system-120111400264_1.html|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref> | ||