Rudram (missile): Difference between revisions

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}

| type              = [[Air-to-surface missile|Air-to-surface]] [[anti-radiation missile]]<ref name="the hindu">{{cite news|title=Captive flight trials of anti-radiation missile soon|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/captive-flight-trials-of-antiradiation-missile-soon/article8245955.ece|author=Y. Mallikarjun|work=The Hindu|date=17 February 2016|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

| weight            = Rudram-1 : {{cvt|600|kg}}<ref>{{cite news |title=India's next-gen anti-radiation missile set for trials |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/03/21/India-next-gen-desi-anti-radiation-missile-trials-ngarm-drdo.amp.html |access-date=23 October 2020 |publisher=The Week |date=21 March 2022}}</ref>

The '''Rudram''' ([[IAST]]:  [[Rudra|Rudram]], meaning remover of sorrows)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Sushant |title=Why anti-radiation missile Rudram matters |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-anti-radiation-missile-rudram-matters-6718894/ |access-date=11 October 2020 |work=The Indian Express|date=11 October 2022}}</ref> is a series of air-to-surface [[Air-to-surface missile|ground attack]] and [[anti-radiation missile|anti-radiation missiles]] in development by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linganna |first=Girish |date=31 July 2022 |title=The underdog Rudram missiles: India’s mysterious anti-radiation munition |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/he-underdog-rudram-missiles-indias-mysterious-anti-radiation-munition/2563127/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> It can be launched from a range of altitudes with large [[standoff distance]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/india-tests-new-anti-radiation-ngarm-missile-to-destroy-surveillance-targets/|title=India Tests New Anti-Radiation NGARM Missile To Destroy Surveillance Targets|last=Times|first=EurAsian|date=2019-01-25|website=EurAsian Times: Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydefencenews.com/drdo-bets-big-on-indigenous-capabilities/|title=DRDO Bets Big on Indigenous Capabilities|date=2019-11-09|website=Daily Defence News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> for destroying enemy surveillance radars, communication stations and bunkers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/199412/india%E2%80%99s-drdo-tests-new-anti_radiation-missile.html|title=DRDO Tests New Anti-Radiation Missile|website=www.defense-aerospace.com|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/drdo-makes-country-proud-by-successfully-testing-anti-radiation-missile-ahead-of-r-day-361038.html|title=DRDO Makes Country Proud By Successfully Testing Anti-Radiation Missile Ahead of R-Day|date=2019-01-25|website=indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref> It will be manufactured jointly by [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]] (BDL) and [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) after trials and introduction.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/air/2016/03/10/indian-af-says-new-indigenous-missile-will-be-too-heavy/|title=Indian AF Says New Indigenous Missile Will Be Too Heavy|last=Raghuvanshi|first=Vivek|date=2017-08-08|website=Defense News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref> DRDO also involved [[Adani Enterprises#Adani Defence & Aerospace|Adani Defence and Aerospace]] under Development cum Production Partner programme for [[mass production]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manghat |first=Sajeet |date=2022-10-19 |title=How Adani Defence Has Scaled Up In The Last Five Years |url=https://www.bqprime.com/business/how-adani-defence-has-scaled-up-in-the-last-five-years |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=BQ Prime |language=en}}</ref>

DRDO ARM has a range of 100–250&nbsp;km<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shishir |title=India test-fires Rudram 1, its first anti-radiation missile to kill enemy radars |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-test-fires-rudram-1-its-first-anti-radiation-missile-to-take-down-enemy-radars/story-SYP6qWQOXmZrK7ViSPG54K.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |agency=ANI |work=Hindustan Times|date=9 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aroor |first1=Shiv |title=REVEALED: India's Naval Anti-Ship Missile Breaks Cover At #DefExpo2020 |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2020/02/revealed-indias-naval-anti-ship-missile-breaks-cover-at-defexpo2020.html |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=Livefist Defence}}</ref> which is made to be integrated with [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]] as its primary test platform, although can be used with [[Dassault Mirage 2000]], [[SEPECAT Jaguar]], [[HAL Tejas]] and [[HAL Tejas Mk2|HAL Tejas Mark 2/MWF]] in future.<ref name="the hindu" /> According to the then Director of [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI), [[G. Satheesh Reddy]], the missile will feature a [[Extremely high frequency#Weapons systems|millimetre wave seeker]] (mmW) transmitting on frequencies of 30 [[Hertz|Gigahertz]] (GHz) and above while capable of lock-on before launch and [[lock-on after launch]] modes.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monch.com/mpg/news/ew-c4i-channel/5402-nargm.html|title=Indian Air Force's New NARGM Anti-Radiation Missile Detailed|website=www.monch.com|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jha|first1=Saurav|title=Seeking the future: An interview with Dr G Satheesh Reddy, Director Research Centre Imarat|url=http://www.news18.com/blogs/india/saurav-jha/defence-5-10879-748587.html|website=News18.com|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref> Mid-course guidance is accomplished through [[inertial navigation system]] (INS) and two-way [[Data link|datalink]] combined with [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]/[[NavIC]] [[satellite guidance]] through digital filtering as fall back to correct accumulated errors and a passive homing head (PHH) seeker which is developed by DLRL that can detect radio frequency emissions from 100&nbsp;km away. PHH is a wide-band receiver system operating within [[D band (NATO)|D band]] to [[J band (NATO)|J band]] frequency of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=Rudram missile: Know more about India's indigenously developed NGARM|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rudram-missile-how-do-ngarms-work/story-C2mUYlqGY9hvU34D7lty2H.html|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Its compact front-end structure is due to the use of [[monolithic microwave integrated circuit]] (MMIC) technology for identification of radiation emitting sources.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/jan/25/maiden-trial-of-anti-radiation-missile-a-success-1929825.html|title=DRDO's Maiden trial of anti-radiation missile in coastal Odisha a success|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://delhidefencereview.com/2018/04/19/a-closer-look-at-drdos-new-generation-anti-radiation-missile/|title=A Closer Look at DRDO's New Generation Anti-Radiation Missile|last=Jha|first=Saurav|date=2018-04-19|website=Delhi Defence Review|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/ngarm-phh|title=NGARM (PHH)|last=DRDO|date=17 February 2020|website=Defence Research and Development Organisation}}</ref>

Development had begun by April 2012 at Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL).<ref name="India developing radar-destroying Anti-Radiation Missile">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-developing-radar-destroying-anti-radiation-missile-1682188|title=India developing radar-destroying Anti-Radiation Missile|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=DNA India|date=29 April 2012|access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> The project was officially approved in December 2012 with a budget of {{INRConvert|317.2|c|lk=on|year=2022}} with project completion by 2017.<ref name="scd-report5">{{cite web|title=Fifth report of the Standing Committee on Defence (2014–2015)|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65195/1/16_Defence_5.pdf|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|location=New Delhi|page=58|date=December 2022}}</ref><ref name="Anti-radiation missile by DRDO to be ready in 3-5 years">{{cite news|title=Anti-radiation missile by DRDO to be ready in 3–5 years|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/antiradiation-missile-by-drdo-to-be-ready-in-35-years/article4346998.ece|author=Y. Mallikarjun|work=The Hindu|date=26 January 2013|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> The feasibility studies were done in 2012–2013 with the aim is to develop a fully indigenous tactical, anti-radiation capable missile for the [[Indian Air Force|Indian Air force]] (IAF) which is comparable to [[AGM-88 HARM#AGM-88E AARGM|AGM-88E AARGM]], [[MAR-1]], [[Kh-31|Kh-31P]] and better than [[Martel (missile)|Martel]] or [[Kh-25|Kh-25MP]].<ref name=":4" />

The Captive Flight Trial–1 (CFT–1) of DRDO ARM was completed on April/May 2016 by [[No. 20 Squadron IAF|No. 20 Squadron of IAF]] which checked the performance of seeker, [[navigation]] and [[control system]], structural capability and [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] vibrations while the Drop Flight Trial (DFT) was completed by December 2016 with the missile released by [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]] at a speed of 0.8 [[Mach number|Mach]], from 6.5&nbsp;km altitude.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiastrategic.in/2016/12/31/year-end-review-achievements-of-ministry-of-defence/|title=Year End Review: Achievements of Ministry of Defence – India Strategic|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/15378/|title=DRDO To Begin Flight Trials Of Anti-Radiation Missile In 2016|website=www.defenseworld.net|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref> Further carriage flight test was carried out to check mechanical/electrical integration as well as software interfacing of the missile before the maiden flight on 18 January 2018, where the missile was successfully flight tested for the first time on parametres such as auto-launch sequence, store separation, control guidance, aerodynamics, thermal batteries, airframe and propulsion without a seeker which were all proven successful.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=DRDO's Maiden trial of anti-radiation missile in coastal Odisha a success |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/jan/25/maiden-trial-of-anti-radiation-missile-a-success-1929825.html |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> On 25 January 2019, NGARM was fired from a Sukhoi Su-30MKI over [[Bay of Bengal]] off the coast of [[Odisha]] that hit the designated target with a high degree of accuracy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |title=India tests new anti-radiation missile to destroy enemy radars |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-tests-new-anti-radiation-missile-to-destroy-enemy-radars/articleshow/67676064.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/science/odisha-drdo-successfully-test-fires-lr-sam20190124153102/|title=India testfires indigenous enemy radar-buster missile|website=www.aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> The missile achieved an accuracy within 10 m [[Circular error probable|CEP]] covering a range of 100&nbsp;km.<ref name=":3" /> The developmental test proved the performance of seeker, structural integrity of the missile, correct functioning of navigation and control system while validation of aerodynamic capability.<ref name=":6" /> The missile can strike at distances double the intended range depending upon the altitude. NGARM will further undergo series of carriage and release flight trials to check the performance of seekers against a different range of targets.