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[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar'''  {{small|[[Legion of Merit|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat|SK]]}}  ({{lang-ur|شيخ محمد انور}}          ; 19  September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web|last1=ISPR|first1=Navy|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)|accessdate=19 August 2017|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=8 September 2022}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]]  during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965.
[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar'''  {{small|[[Legion of Merit|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat|SK]]}}  ({{lang-ur|شيخ محمد انور}}          ; 19  September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web|last1=ISPR|first1=Navy|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)|accessdate=19 August 2017|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=8 September 2016}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]]  during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965.


Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s  when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.
Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s  when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.
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Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1968|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|journal=15|date=1969|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine|issue=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|language=en}}</ref>
Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1968|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|journal=15|date=1969|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine|issue=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|language=en}}</ref>


He joined and [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts II|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts III|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book|title=Excerpts IV|date=1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>
He joined and [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts II|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts III|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book|title=Excerpts IV|date=1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>


In 1962, [[Captain (naval)|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp|38}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=State|first1=United States Dept of|title=Diplomatic List|date=1962|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 1962, [[Captain (naval)|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp|38}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=State|first1=United States Dept of|title=Diplomatic List|date=1962|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>


In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=19 August 2017|location=Karachi, Pk|language=en-pk|date=June 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|archive-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|date=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Delhi,India|isbn=9781897829110|pages=290|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en-gb|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>
In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=19 August 2017|location=Karachi, Pk|language=en-pk|date=June 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|date=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Delhi,India|isbn=9781897829110|pages=290|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en-gb|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>


In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke|Eugene Locke]].{{rp|39}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan|date=1966|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpt VI|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1969|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke|Eugene Locke]].{{rp|39}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan|date=1966|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpt VI|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1969|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>


In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web|last1=Khawaja|first1=Hammad|title=Pakistan Marine Academy|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1|website=www.macoba.org|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref>
In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web|last1=Khawaja|first1=Hammad|title=Pakistan Marine Academy|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1|website=www.macoba.org|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref>


Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Anwar|first1=Omar|title='The forgotten hero'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763|accessdate=19 August 2017|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn newspapers|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015|date=23 September 2015|location=Karachi|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web|title=Operation Dwarka|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb|website=Dailymotion|publisher=ISPR Films|accessdate=19 August 2017|date=7 September 2015|orig-year=1993}}</ref>
Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Anwar|first1=Omar|title='The forgotten hero'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763|accessdate=19 August 2017|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn newspapers|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015|date=23 September 2015|location=Karachi|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web|title=Operation Dwarka|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb|website=Dailymotion|publisher=ISPR Films|accessdate=19 August 2017|date=7 September 2015|orig-year=1993}}</ref>
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