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{{For|Canadian artist|Fred S. Haines}}
{{short description|British general and commander of British forces in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
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==Military career==
==Military career==
[[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]]  
[[File:Sir Frederick Haines WDL11450.png|thumb|Sir Frederick Haines during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]]]


Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref>
Born the son of Gregory Haines, a [[commissariat]] officer, and Harriet Haines (née Eldridge), Haines was educated at [[Midhurst Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] before being [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the [[King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)|4th Regiment of Foot]] on 21 June 1839.<ref name=heath163>Heathcote, p. 163</ref> He was promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 15 December 1840 and appointed [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|General Sir Hugh Gough]] (his eldest brother's father-in-law) in 1843.<ref name=heath163/> Haines took part in the [[Battle of Mudki]] in December 1845 and the [[Battle of Ferozeshah]] (where he was severely wounded)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20576|page=725|date=23 February 1846}}</ref> in December 1845 during the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath163/> Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot|10th Regiment of Foot]] on 16 May 1846,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20636|page=3109|date=28 August 1846}}</ref> he exchanged to the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers|21st Royal North British Fusiliers]] on 31 March 1847<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20743|page=2126|date=11 June 1847}}</ref> and then fought at the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] before being promoted to brevet [[major]] on 7 June 1849<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20986|page=1865|date=7 June 1849}}</ref> and to brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1850.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21123|page=2133|date=2 August 1850}}</ref>
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Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref>
Promoted to brevet [[major-general]] on 25 November 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22919|page=6485|date=9 December 1864}}</ref> Haines returned to India to become [[General Officer Commanding]] the [[Mysore division|Mysore Division]] of the [[Madras Army]] in March 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22910|page=5311|date=11 November 1864}}</ref> He went on to be [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] in the United Kingdom in 1870 before returning to India again to be Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] as well as a member of the Council of the [[List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras|Governor of Madras]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23735|page=2221|date=9 May 1871}}</ref> with the local rank of [[lieutenant general]] in May 1871.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23728|page=1884|date=14 April 1871}}</ref>
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]]
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|left|The Second Anglo-Afghan War during which Haines commanded the British forces]]
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref> Lady Charlotte died on 7 April 1880 in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire aged 41
Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 May 1873<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23991|page=2974|date=24 June 1873}}</ref> and to the local rank of full [[general]] on 22 March 1876,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24307|page=2015|date=21 March 1876}}</ref> Haines became [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] in April 1876, with promotion to brevet full general on 1 October 1877.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5457|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> He commanded the forces in India during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] and successfully argued for a large force being made available before mobilisation occurred, but once the war started the [[Governor-General of India]], [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], was inclined to by-pass Haines and deal direct with commanders in the field, causing friction between the two men.<ref name=heath164/> Haines was offered a baronetcy for services to HM Government in India in 1880 but declined the honour due to his wife's failing health, presuming that it would be re-offered to him after her recovery. However, her health declined and she eventually died and the offer of the baronetcy was never renewed.<ref>Rait, p. 270</ref>


On his retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] on 21 May 1890.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26052|page=2900|date=20 May 1890}}</ref> He also became colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Bengal Fusiliers]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24104|page=2994|date=12 June 1874}}</ref> subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] and then of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26106|page=6024|date=14 November 1890}}</ref> Sir Frederick was a lover of art, the theatre and cricket and spent a great deal of time at the United Services Club, Pall Mall, London (a portrait of his father Gregory Haines CB, a former Commissary General, hung there). He once dined with Queen Victoria and received a card from Edward V11 on his final birthday. He died of bronchitis at his home at 23 Pall Mall, London on 11 June 1909 aged 89 and was buried on 16 June 1909 in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.<ref name=heath165>Heathcote, p. 165</ref>
Returning to retirement in London in 1881, Haines was promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] on 21 May 1890.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26052|page=2900|date=20 May 1890}}</ref> He also became colonel of the [[104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers)|104th Bengal Fusiliers]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24104|page=2994|date=12 June 1874}}</ref> subsequently of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]] and then of the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26106|page=6024|date=14 November 1890}}</ref> He died at his home at [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]] in London on 11 June 1909 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]], London.<ref name=heath165>Heathcote, p. 165</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller on 1 September 1856 at Bangalore, Madras, India (she was 18, he nearly 39) Charlotte was born on the 3 August 1838 in Kamptee, India, the daughter of Edward E and Frances G H Murray Macgregor m 29.2.1836 Edinburgh, he a Major General in the 1st Regt of Madras Light Cavalry, Madras Army, reputedly a descendant of Edward III; Francis was the second daughter of Major General Alexander M Macgregor & Charlotte A Sinclair
In 1856 Haines married Charlotte Jane Sophia Miller and together they went on to have three sons.<ref name=heath165/>
 
Frederick and Charlotte had 3 children:
Frederick Edward Grant Haines (1857-1932)
Gregory Sinclair Haines (1858-1921) and
Evan Paul Arbuthnot Haines (1860-1896)


==Honours==
==Honours==
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[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Sussex]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]]
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[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Members of the Madras Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]
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