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{{short description|Airborne early warning and control aircraft}} | {{short description|Airborne early warning and control aircraft}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} | ||
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin | {|{{Infobox aircraft begin | ||
|name = NETRA AEW&CS | |name = NETRA AEW&CS | ||
|image =DrdoNetra.jpg | |image =DrdoNetra.jpg | ||
|caption = A DRDO Netra in flight, deploying | |caption = A DRDO Netra in flight, deploying [[Flare (countermeasure)|flares]] | ||
}}{{Infobox aircraft type | }}{{Infobox aircraft type | ||
|type = [[Surveillance]],Tracking, Identification & [[Classification]] of Airborne and Sea surface targets, incoming [[Ballistic Missile]] detection<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/11/drdo-hands-over-second-netra-early-warning-system-to-iaf-2032231.html|title= DRDO hands over second 'Netra' early warning system to IAF|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> | |type = [[Surveillance]],Tracking, Identification & [[Classification]] of Airborne and Sea surface targets, incoming [[Ballistic Missile]] detection<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/11/drdo-hands-over-second-netra-early-warning-system-to-iaf-2032231.html|title= DRDO hands over second 'Netra' early warning system to IAF|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> | ||
|unit cost = {{INRConvert|800|c|0}} in 2019{{ | |unit cost = {{INRConvert|800|c|0}} in 2019{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} | ||
|national origin = AEW&CS – [[India]] | |national origin = AEW&CS – [[India]] | ||
ERJ-145 aircraft – [[Brazil]] | ERJ-145 aircraft – [[Brazil]] | ||
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== Capabilities == | == Capabilities == | ||
[[File:Exercise Vayu Shakti 2019 09.jpg|thumb|DRDO AEW&CS at | [[File:Exercise Vayu Shakti 2019 09.jpg|thumb|DRDO AEW&CS at ''Exercise Vayu Shakti 2019''|left]] | ||
The AEWACS aircraft will have an [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) primary radar with IFF. The system will also have ESM (Electronic Support Measures) and CSM (Communications Support Measures) ability. Datalinks to network the AEW&CS with fighters, and ground-based control systems will also be provided, as will be the SATCOM (Satellite Communication System). The aircraft will also have a comprehensive self-defence suite. The avionics suite will be linked via a datahandling system, controlled by Mission computers. | The AEWACS aircraft will have an [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) primary radar with IFF. The system will also have ESM (Electronic Support Measures) and CSM (Communications Support Measures) ability. Datalinks to network the AEW&CS with fighters, and ground-based control systems will also be provided, as will be the SATCOM (Satellite Communication System). The aircraft will also have a comprehensive self-defence suite. The avionics suite will be linked via a datahandling system, controlled by Mission computers. | ||
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The first round of modifications to the first EMB-145 fuselage for India's early warning aircraft were made in March 2011 in preparation for integration with the Indian-designed antenna. | The first round of modifications to the first EMB-145 fuselage for India's early warning aircraft were made in March 2011 in preparation for integration with the Indian-designed antenna. | ||
In June 2010, it was reported that the Active Array Antenna Unit (AAAU), developed by DRDO's Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS), was to be integrated into the modified EMB-145 aircraft. First test flight of the system was expected in early 2011.<ref name="aviationweek1">[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/06/01/awx_06_01_2010_p0-230912.xml Embraer Develops Complementary Platforms For Indian Systems]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-4515 |title=AWACS Developed by DRDO to Roll Out in January 2011; Flight Tests in 2011 |author=India defence |date= 12 September 2010 |publisher=india defence |access-date=12 September | In June 2010, it was reported that the Active Array Antenna Unit (AAAU), developed by DRDO's Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS), was to be integrated into the modified EMB-145 aircraft. First test flight of the system was expected in early 2011.<ref name="aviationweek1">[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/06/01/awx_06_01_2010_p0-230912.xml Embraer Develops Complementary Platforms For Indian Systems]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-4515 |title=AWACS Developed by DRDO to Roll Out in January 2011; Flight Tests in 2011 |author=India defence |date= 12 September 2010 |publisher=india defence |access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100916101327/http://sify.com/finance/embraer-aircraft-with-indian-warning-system-to-fly-by-2011-news-default-kjmpObeaejj.html Embraer aircraft with Indian warning system to fly by 2011]</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-developing-unmanned-combat-air-vehicle_1436844 India developing unmanned combat air vehicle – India – DNA]</ref><ref>[http://www.brahmand.com/news/India-to-roll-out-indigenous-AEW-aircraft-by-2012/6018/1/10.html India to roll out indigenous AEW aircraft by 2012 – Brahmand.com]</ref> | ||
The first modified fuselage platform was handed over to DRDO by Embraer in February 2011. Ground and flight tests of the aircraft were to be followed by installation of radar and other equipment.<ref>[http://www.embraer.com/en-US/ImprensaEventos/Press-releases/noticias/Pages/EMB-145-AEWC-INDIANO.aspx Embraer unveils the new EM 145 AEW&C platform developed for the Indian government]</ref> The first fully modified EMB-145i Aircraft with the antenna and its electronic payload made its maiden flight on 6 December 2011 at Embraer facilities at Sao Jose dos Campos in Brazil with about 1000 Mission System Components provided by CABS, DRDO. These included the critical item – AESA (Active Electronic Scanning Antenna) Radar Antenna developed by DRDO and certified from ANAC, International FAR Certification Agency. at Sao Jose dos Campos in Brazil. Some of the sensitive advanced systems were replaced with dummy equipment of equivalent size and weight. These were to be integrated later in India following flight certification. A two-year certification period is expected. DRDO is expected to receive the next two aircraft platforms to start integration by mid-2012.<ref>[http://livefist.blogspot.com/2011/12/first-photo-indias-aew-platform-makes.html Livefist: FIRST PHOTO: India's AEW Platform Makes First Flight]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://idp.justthe80.com/air-force-projects/force-multipliers/aew-cs-project#TOC-Maiden-Flight-of-First-AEW-C-Embrae |title=AEW&CS Project – IDP Sentinel |access-date=16 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423174529/http://idp.justthe80.com/air-force-projects/force-multipliers/aew-cs-project#TOC-Maiden-Flight-of-First-AEW-C-Embrae |archive-date=23 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | The first modified fuselage platform was handed over to DRDO by Embraer in February 2011. Ground and flight tests of the aircraft were to be followed by installation of radar and other equipment.<ref>[http://www.embraer.com/en-US/ImprensaEventos/Press-releases/noticias/Pages/EMB-145-AEWC-INDIANO.aspx Embraer unveils the new EM 145 AEW&C platform developed for the Indian government]</ref> The first fully modified EMB-145i Aircraft with the antenna and its electronic payload made its maiden flight on 6 December 2011 at Embraer facilities at Sao Jose dos Campos in Brazil with about 1000 Mission System Components provided by CABS, DRDO. These included the critical item – AESA (Active Electronic Scanning Antenna) Radar Antenna developed by DRDO and certified from ANAC, International FAR Certification Agency. at Sao Jose dos Campos in Brazil. Some of the sensitive advanced systems were replaced with dummy equipment of equivalent size and weight. These were to be integrated later in India following flight certification. A two-year certification period is expected. DRDO is expected to receive the next two aircraft platforms to start integration by mid-2012.<ref>[http://livefist.blogspot.com/2011/12/first-photo-indias-aew-platform-makes.html Livefist: FIRST PHOTO: India's AEW Platform Makes First Flight]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://idp.justthe80.com/air-force-projects/force-multipliers/aew-cs-project#TOC-Maiden-Flight-of-First-AEW-C-Embrae |title=AEW&CS Project – IDP Sentinel |access-date=16 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423174529/http://idp.justthe80.com/air-force-projects/force-multipliers/aew-cs-project#TOC-Maiden-Flight-of-First-AEW-C-Embrae |archive-date=23 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
Embraer Defence and Security, on 16 August 2012 delivered the first EMB 145 Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) class of aircraft to the Government of India, in a ceremony held at Embraer's headquarters in São José dos Campos, Brazil. The delivery follows successful completion of ground and flight tests of the aircraft which met operational targets established by both Embraer and Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS) of Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). Later on the aircraft will be delivered to the Indian Air Force after integration of missions systems of DRDO by CABS in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsindia-emb-145-aewc-embraer/|title=India receives first EMB 145 AEW&C aircraft from Embraer|date=16 August 2012|website=Airforce Technology|language=en-GB|access-date=12 September | Embraer Defence and Security, on 16 August 2012 delivered the first EMB 145 Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) class of aircraft to the Government of India, in a ceremony held at Embraer's headquarters in São José dos Campos, Brazil. The delivery follows successful completion of ground and flight tests of the aircraft which met operational targets established by both Embraer and Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS) of Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). Later on the aircraft will be delivered to the Indian Air Force after integration of missions systems of DRDO by CABS in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsindia-emb-145-aewc-embraer/|title=India receives first EMB 145 AEW&C aircraft from Embraer|date=16 August 2012|website=Airforce Technology|language=en-GB|access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/digital-battlespace/first-aewc-aircraft-delivered-india/|title=First AEW&C aircraft delivered to India – DB – Digital Battlespace – Shephard Media|website=www.shephardmedia.com|language=en|access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
Maiden flight of the second fully modified aircraft for the Indian Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEW&C) was held at 1930 IST on 4 April 2012 at the San Jose dos Campos in Brazil. The necessary mission systems and components including the dummy AAAU (Active Antenna Array Unit) are successfully fitted onboard Embraer EMB 145I aircraft.<ref>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=17672 :: Bharat-Rakshak.com – Indian Military News Headlines ::] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220130227/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=17672|date=20 February | Maiden flight of the second fully modified aircraft for the Indian Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEW&C) was held at 1930 IST on 4 April 2012 at the San Jose dos Campos in Brazil. The necessary mission systems and components including the dummy AAAU (Active Antenna Array Unit) are successfully fitted onboard Embraer EMB 145I aircraft.<ref>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=17672 :: Bharat-Rakshak.com – Indian Military News Headlines ::] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220130227/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=17672|date=20 February 2022}}</ref><ref>[http://livefist.blogspot.in/2012/04/first-look-maiden-flight-of-indias-2nd.html Livefist: FIRST LOOK: Maiden flight of the India's 2nd Indigenous AEW&C]</ref> | ||
==Delivery== | ==Delivery== | ||
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The aircraft ferried with several mission system external components of DRDO including the (AESA radar) Active Electronically scanned Array Antenna with passive electronics fitted on the aircraft. The arrival of this aircraft marks the beginning of another phase of journey leading to the next major milestone of integration of the DRDO developed mission system, which will be followed by development flight trials in India beginning of 2013. It may be noted that this is the first aircraft delivered by M/s Embraer for which the contract was signed in 2008. The next aircraft is expected to arrive in December 2012. | The aircraft ferried with several mission system external components of DRDO including the (AESA radar) Active Electronically scanned Array Antenna with passive electronics fitted on the aircraft. The arrival of this aircraft marks the beginning of another phase of journey leading to the next major milestone of integration of the DRDO developed mission system, which will be followed by development flight trials in India beginning of 2013. It may be noted that this is the first aircraft delivered by M/s Embraer for which the contract was signed in 2008. The next aircraft is expected to arrive in December 2012. | ||
IAF took delivery of the second NETRA AEW&C on 11 September 2019 and deployed it at Bathinda Air Base in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/11/drdo-hands-over-second-netra-early-warning-system-to-iaf-2032231.html|title=DRDO hands over second 'Netra' early warning system to IAF|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=12 September | IAF took delivery of the second NETRA AEW&C on 11 September 2019 and deployed it at Bathinda Air Base in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/11/drdo-hands-over-second-netra-early-warning-system-to-iaf-2032231.html|title=DRDO hands over second 'Netra' early warning system to IAF|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> The third Embraer platform was meant to remain with DRDO but now they are looking at the option of selling the aircraft to a foreign customer as a major diplomatic gesture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2018/02/indian-air-force-wants-home-grown-awacs-to-double-as-tanker.html|title=Indian Air Force Wants Home-Grown AWACS To Double As Tanker|last=Aroor|first=Shiv|website=Livefist|language=en-US|access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
== Operational history == | == Operational history == | ||
{{Main article|2019 Balakot airstrike}} | {{Main article|2019 Balakot airstrike}} | ||
The first combat usage of the Netra AEW&C by the IAF was on 26 February 2019, during the [[2019 Balakot airstrike|Balakot airstrike]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/02/26/balakot-attack-mirage-2000-wasnt-only-star-unarmed-iaf-jets-also-played-role.html|title=Balakot attack: Mirage 2000 wasn't only star, unarmed IAF jets also played role|date=26 February 2020|access-date=20 September 2020|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref> Indonesia has requested a systems demonstration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.militer.or.id/1630/indonesia-gets-in-line-for-indias-new-aewc-jet/|title=Indonesia Gets in Line For India’s New AEW&C Jet|last=Raditya|first=Rendy|date=13 February 2017|website=Militer.or.id|language=en-US|access-date=12 September | The first combat usage of the Netra AEW&C by the IAF was on 26 February 2019, during the [[2019 Balakot airstrike|Balakot airstrike]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/02/26/balakot-attack-mirage-2000-wasnt-only-star-unarmed-iaf-jets-also-played-role.html|title=Balakot attack: Mirage 2000 wasn't only star, unarmed IAF jets also played role|date=26 February 2020|access-date=20 September 2020|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref> Indonesia has requested a systems demonstration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.militer.or.id/1630/indonesia-gets-in-line-for-indias-new-aewc-jet/|title=Indonesia Gets in Line For India’s New AEW&C Jet|last=Raditya|first=Rendy|date=13 February 2017|website=Militer.or.id|language=en-US|access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Future development== | ==Future development== | ||
DRDO and the Bengaluru-based Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS) launched a new project to build larger and more capable AWACS. Initially, two AWACS aircraft were to be developed, with four more to follow at a later stage. Clearances for the project were received from the government in January 2013,<ref>{{cite news| url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/india/32316344_1_mini-awacs-project-phalcon-awacs-indigenous-aew-c-systems| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130827215300/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/india/32316344_1_mini-awacs-project-phalcon-awacs-indigenous-aew-c-systems| url-status= dead| archive-date= 27 August 2013| work= [[The Times of India]]| title= India to launch AWACS project to counter China and Pakistan| date=19 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India takes up AWACS programme, can penetrate enemy territory|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-25/news/36548343_1_awacs-drdo-v-k-saraswat|access-date=3 January 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=25 January | DRDO and the Bengaluru-based Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS) launched a new project to build larger and more capable AWACS. Initially, two AWACS aircraft were to be developed, with four more to follow at a later stage. Clearances for the project were received from the government in January 2013,<ref>{{cite news| url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/india/32316344_1_mini-awacs-project-phalcon-awacs-indigenous-aew-c-systems| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130827215300/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-19/india/32316344_1_mini-awacs-project-phalcon-awacs-indigenous-aew-c-systems| url-status= dead| archive-date= 27 August 2013| work= [[The Times of India]]| title= India to launch AWACS project to counter China and Pakistan| date=19 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India takes up AWACS programme, can penetrate enemy territory|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-25/news/36548343_1_awacs-drdo-v-k-saraswat|access-date=3 January 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=25 January 2022}}</ref> and in March 2015 a decision was made to purchase two [[Airbus A330 MRTT|Airbus A330s]],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a330-selected-for-awacs-india-project-410708/ | title = A330 selected for AWACS India project | date = 30 March 2015 | first = Atul | last = Chandra | work = Flight Global }}</ref> which was expanded to six planes in February 2017;<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.financialexpress.com/economy/india-to-make-6-more-awacs-on-airbus-platform/548102/ | title = India to make 6 more AWACS on Airbus platform | date = 12 February 2017 | work = The Indian Express }}</ref> the planes will also double as [[Aerial refueling|aerial refuelers]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/next-gen-a-330-awacs-to-have-mid-air-refuelling-capability/articleshow/61862710.cms | title = Next-Gen A-330 AWACS to have mid-air refuelling capability | date = 30 November 2017 | work = The Economic Times | access-date = 5 March 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202640/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/next-gen-a-330-awacs-to-have-mid-air-refuelling-capability/articleshow/61862710.cms | archive-date = 5 March 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
By April 2019, DRDO proposed an upgraded Netra AEW&CS based on [[EADS CASA C-295]] to the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] as it already supports a static radar dome configuration. DRDO wanted C-295 to act as a common platform between currently used [[planar array radar]] with limited 240-degree coverage and the under development 360-degree static radar dome to save cost and time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defencenewsindia.com/drdo-offers-india-netra-aewc-on-airbus-c-295/|title=DRDO Offers India Netra AEW&C on Airbus C-295|date=5 April 2019|website=Defence News India|language=en-GB|access-date=13 September | By April 2019, DRDO proposed an upgraded Netra AEW&CS based on [[EADS CASA C-295]] to the [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] as it already supports a static radar dome configuration. DRDO wanted C-295 to act as a common platform between currently used [[planar array radar]] with limited 240-degree coverage and the under development 360-degree static radar dome to save cost and time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defencenewsindia.com/drdo-offers-india-netra-aewc-on-airbus-c-295/|title=DRDO Offers India Netra AEW&C on Airbus C-295|date=5 April 2019|website=Defence News India|language=en-GB|access-date=13 September 2022}}</ref> Later on DRDO replaced C-295 for [[Airbus A330|Airbus A-330]] to make it act as both AWACS and aerial refueling tanker.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Philip|first=Snehesh Alex|date=2021-09-09|title=Modi govt okays 6 more ‘eyes in the sky’ for IAF, DRDO project to cost Rs 11,000 crore|url=https://theprint.in/defence/modi-govt-okays-6-more-eyes-in-the-sky-for-iaf-drdo-project-to-cost-rs-11000-crore/730697/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-10|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909111013/https://theprint.in/defence/modi-govt-okays-6-more-eyes-in-the-sky-for-iaf-drdo-project-to-cost-rs-11000-crore/730697/ |archive-date=9 September 2021 }}</ref> | ||
The [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) | The [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) in September 2021 cleared ₹11,000 crore project for six AEW&CS. The platform will be [[Airbus A321]] that will be purchased from [[Air India]] and modified by DRDO as per military standards.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Rahul|date=2021-09-09|title=DRDO to develop new early warning jets for IAF under ₹11,000 crore project|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drdo-to-develop-new-early-warning-jets-for-iaf-under-rs-11000-crore-project-101631202114793.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909185827/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drdo-to-develop-new-early-warning-jets-for-iaf-under-rs-11000-crore-project-101631202114793.html |archive-date=9 September 2021 }}</ref> | ||
== Users == | == Users == | ||