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INS Viraat: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Centaur Class aircraft carrier operated by Indian navy}} | {{Short description|Centaur Class aircraft carrier operated by Indian navy}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}} | ||
{|{{Infobox ship begin | {|{{Infobox ship begin | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| Hide header = title | | Hide header = title | ||
| Ship country = India | | Ship country = India | ||
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}} | | Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval 2022}} | ||
| Ship name = ''Viraat'' | | Ship name = ''Viraat'' | ||
| Ship namesake = | | Ship namesake = | ||
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| Ship fate = Scrapped at Alang, 2021. | | Ship fate = Scrapped at Alang, 2021. | ||
| Ship notes = | | Ship notes = | ||
| Ship badge = | | Ship badge = | ||
| Ship honours = | | Ship honours = | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| Hide header = | | Hide header = | ||
| Header caption = | | Header caption = | ||
| Ship class = {{sclass|Centaur| | | Ship class = {{sclass|Centaur| aircraft carrier}} | ||
| Ship type = | | Ship type = | ||
| Ship tonnage = | | Ship tonnage = | ||
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Primary strike aircraft have been the Sea Harriers operating several modern missiles such as the British anti-ship Sea Eagle missile,<ref name ='Hir 287.'>Hiranandani 2000, p. 287.</ref> and the French [[R.550 Magic|Matra Magic]] missile for air-to-air combat.<ref name ='Hir 154.'>Hiranandani 2012, p. 154.</ref> Other ordnance has included 68 mm rockets, runway-denial bombs, cluster bombs, and podded 30 mm cannon.<ref name ='Hir 154.'/> In 2006, the Indian Navy started the 'Limited Upgrade Sea Harrier (LUSH)' program by upgrading up to 15 Sea Harriers in collaboration with [[Israel]] by installing the [[Elta]] [[EL/M-2032]] radar and the [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.|Rafael]] 'Derby' medium-range air-to-air BVR missile.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Indias-Sea-Harrier-Shortage-04774/ |title= India's Sea Harrier Shortage |publisher= Defense Industry Daily |date= 2 November 2010 |access-date= 31 December 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131231015052/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Indias-Sea-Harrier-Shortage-04774/ |archive-date= 31 December 2013 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3480072 |title= Indian Sea Harrier Tests BVR Missile |first= Vivek |last= Raghuvanshi |publisher= Defense News |date= 16 April 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170424003929/http://en.mercopress.com/2017/04/06/tech-entrepreneur-wants-to-rescue-falklands-flagship-hms-hermes-from-the-scrap-heap |archive-date= 24 April 2017 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | Primary strike aircraft have been the Sea Harriers operating several modern missiles such as the British anti-ship Sea Eagle missile,<ref name ='Hir 287.'>Hiranandani 2000, p. 287.</ref> and the French [[R.550 Magic|Matra Magic]] missile for air-to-air combat.<ref name ='Hir 154.'>Hiranandani 2012, p. 154.</ref> Other ordnance has included 68 mm rockets, runway-denial bombs, cluster bombs, and podded 30 mm cannon.<ref name ='Hir 154.'/> In 2006, the Indian Navy started the 'Limited Upgrade Sea Harrier (LUSH)' program by upgrading up to 15 Sea Harriers in collaboration with [[Israel]] by installing the [[Elta Systems|Elta]] [[EL/M-2032]] radar and the [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.|Rafael]] 'Derby' medium-range air-to-air BVR missile.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Indias-Sea-Harrier-Shortage-04774/ |title= India's Sea Harrier Shortage |publisher= Defense Industry Daily |date= 2 November 2010 |access-date= 31 December 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131231015052/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Indias-Sea-Harrier-Shortage-04774/ |archive-date= 31 December 2013 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3480072 |title= Indian Sea Harrier Tests BVR Missile |first= Vivek |last= Raghuvanshi |publisher= Defense News |date= 16 April 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170424003929/http://en.mercopress.com/2017/04/06/tech-entrepreneur-wants-to-rescue-falklands-flagship-hms-hermes-from-the-scrap-heap |archive-date= 24 April 2017 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
The fleet also consisted of [[Kamov Ka-31|Kamov Ka-31 Helix-B]] airborne early warning aircraft and [[Kamov Ka-27|Kamov Ka-28 Helix-A]] helicopters. | The fleet also consisted of [[Kamov Ka-31|Kamov Ka-31 Helix-B]] airborne early warning aircraft and [[Kamov Ka-27|Kamov Ka-28 Helix-A]] helicopters. | ||
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In July 2015, it was announced that the ship would be transferred to the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] for conversion into a [[museum ship]] at a cost of {{INRConvert|20|c|0}}; [[Chandrababu Naidu]], the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, confirmed the plans on 8 February 2016.<ref name="handover">{{cite news|first=C.H.R.S.|last=Sarma|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/ins-viraat-to-be-handed-over-to-ap-govt/article8209603.ece|title='INS Viraat' to be handed over to Andhra Pradesh after decommissioning|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 February 2016|access-date=15 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828014812/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/ins-viraat-to-be-handed-over-to-ap-govt/article8209603.ece|archive-date=28 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian carrier Viraat 'de-operationalised'|url=http://www.janes.com/article/57905/indian-carrier-viraat-de-operationalised|work=Janes|access-date=12 May 2016|date=11 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315222956/http://www.janes.com/article/57905/indian-carrier-viraat-de-operationalised|archive-date=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian Navy's aircraft carrier INS Viraat may be modified into a luxury hotel|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navys-aircraft-carrier-ins-viraat-may-be-modified-into-luxury-hotel-4807555|work=Naval Technology|date=11 February 2012|access-date=11 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416121129/http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navys-aircraft-carrier-ins-viraat-may-be-modified-into-luxury-hotel-4807555|archive-date=16 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=INS Viraat: A warship that will soon be converted into a hotel!|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ins-viraat-a-warship-that-will-soon-be-converted-into-a-hotel/1/592235.html|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=11 May 2016|date=11 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315130122/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ins-viraat-a-warship-that-will-soon-be-converted-into-a-hotel/1/592235.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> By April 2016, however, the plans had apparently fallen through.<ref name="handover"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=INS Viraat is up for grabs, but so far no takers|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-viraat-is-up-for-grabs-but-so-far-no-takers-2204782|newspaper=DNA|access-date=12 May 2016|date=2 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526175359/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-viraat-is-up-for-grabs-but-so-far-no-takers-2204782|archive-date=26 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A British businessman's proposal to preserve the ship failed when its crowdfunding campaign failed to make a tenth of its goal and it was stated that if ''Viraat'' was not to be preserved, she would be scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/hms-hermes-repatriation/? |title=HMS Hermes repatriation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tech entrepreneur wants to rescue Falklands' flagship HMS Hermes from the scrap heap|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2017/04/06/tech-entrepreneur-wants-to-rescue-falklands-flagship-hms-hermes-from-the-scrap-heap|website=MercoPress|access-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424003929/http://en.mercopress.com/2017/04/06/tech-entrepreneur-wants-to-rescue-falklands-flagship-hms-hermes-from-the-scrap-heap|archive-date=24 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | In July 2015, it was announced that the ship would be transferred to the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] for conversion into a [[museum ship]] at a cost of {{INRConvert|20|c|0}}; [[Chandrababu Naidu]], the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, confirmed the plans on 8 February 2016.<ref name="handover">{{cite news|first=C.H.R.S.|last=Sarma|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/ins-viraat-to-be-handed-over-to-ap-govt/article8209603.ece|title='INS Viraat' to be handed over to Andhra Pradesh after decommissioning|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 February 2016|access-date=15 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828014812/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/ins-viraat-to-be-handed-over-to-ap-govt/article8209603.ece|archive-date=28 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian carrier Viraat 'de-operationalised'|url=http://www.janes.com/article/57905/indian-carrier-viraat-de-operationalised|work=Janes|access-date=12 May 2016|date=11 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315222956/http://www.janes.com/article/57905/indian-carrier-viraat-de-operationalised|archive-date=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian Navy's aircraft carrier INS Viraat may be modified into a luxury hotel|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navys-aircraft-carrier-ins-viraat-may-be-modified-into-luxury-hotel-4807555|work=Naval Technology|date=11 February 2012|access-date=11 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416121129/http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navys-aircraft-carrier-ins-viraat-may-be-modified-into-luxury-hotel-4807555|archive-date=16 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=INS Viraat: A warship that will soon be converted into a hotel!|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ins-viraat-a-warship-that-will-soon-be-converted-into-a-hotel/1/592235.html|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=11 May 2016|date=11 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315130122/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ins-viraat-a-warship-that-will-soon-be-converted-into-a-hotel/1/592235.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> By April 2016, however, the plans had apparently fallen through.<ref name="handover"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=INS Viraat is up for grabs, but so far no takers|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-viraat-is-up-for-grabs-but-so-far-no-takers-2204782|newspaper=DNA|access-date=12 May 2016|date=2 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526175359/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-viraat-is-up-for-grabs-but-so-far-no-takers-2204782|archive-date=26 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A British businessman's proposal to preserve the ship failed when its crowdfunding campaign failed to make a tenth of its goal and it was stated that if ''Viraat'' was not to be preserved, she would be scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/hms-hermes-repatriation/? |title=HMS Hermes repatriation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tech entrepreneur wants to rescue Falklands' flagship HMS Hermes from the scrap heap|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2017/04/06/tech-entrepreneur-wants-to-rescue-falklands-flagship-hms-hermes-from-the-scrap-heap|website=MercoPress|access-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424003929/http://en.mercopress.com/2017/04/06/tech-entrepreneur-wants-to-rescue-falklands-flagship-hms-hermes-from-the-scrap-heap|archive-date=24 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
On 1 November 2018 the [[Maharashtra]] cabinet approved the conversion of ''Viraat'' into India's first moored maritime museum and marine adventure centre, to be located near [[Nivati fort|Nivati]], [[Sindhudurg district]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Bhavika |title=INS Viraat to be turned into maritime museum|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ins-viraat-to-be-turned-into-maritime-museum/articleshow/66469224.cms |access-date=2 November 2018 |work=Times of India |agency=TNN |date=2 November | On 1 November 2018 the [[Maharashtra]] cabinet approved the conversion of ''Viraat'' into India's first moored maritime museum and marine adventure centre, to be located near [[Nivati fort|Nivati]], [[Sindhudurg district]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Bhavika |title=INS Viraat to be turned into maritime museum|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ins-viraat-to-be-turned-into-maritime-museum/articleshow/66469224.cms |access-date=2 November 2018 |work=Times of India |agency=TNN |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=INS Viraat to get 2nd life as maritime museum |url=http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/021118/ins-viraat-to-get-2nd-life-as-maritime-museum.html |access-date=2 November 2018 |work=The Asian Age |date=2 November 2018 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> This proposal, which included a hotel, did not attract tenders because of high cost,<ref>{{cite news |first=Bhavika |last=Jain |agency=TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/plans-to-turn-ins-viraat-into-museum-hotel-run-aground/articleshow/70181705.cms |title=Plans to turn INS Viraat into museum-hotel run aground |newspaper=Times of India |date=12 July 2019 |access-date=1 September 2020 }}</ref> and the state government abandoned it in November 2019.<ref name=Econ>{{cite news |first=Rashmi |last=Rajput |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/as-scrap-retired-naval-aircraft-carrier-viraat-finds-no-takers/articleshow/72862015.cms |title=As scrap, retired Naval aircraft carrier Viraat finds no takers |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=19 December 2019 |access-date=1 September 2020 }}</ref> | ||
After an expert committee determined ''Viraat'' 's structural deterioration made her preservation unviable, the union government decided to scrap her and held an online auction;<ref name=Econ/><ref name="Alang_dismantling">{{cite news|title=INS Viraat set for dismantling at Alang yard|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-viraat-set-for-dismantling-at-alang/article32716233.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> in July 2020, Gujarat-based shipping firm Shri Ram Shipping purchased the ship from the Metal Scrap Corporation for {{INRConvert|38.54|c|0}}.<ref name="Alang_dismantling"/> She was scheduled be dismantled at [[Alang]] starting in September 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/26/like-indias-1st-aircraft-carrier-steel-from-scrapped-viraat-may-be-used-for-bikes.html |title=Like India's 1st aircraft carrier, steel from scrapped Viraat may be used for bikes |website=The Week |date=26 August 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-viraat-decommissioned-three-years-ago-to-be-dismantled-at-alang-in-gujarat/articleshow/77739691.cms |title=INS Viraat, decommissioned three years ago, to be dismantled at Alang in Gujarat |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=25 August 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020 }}</ref><ref name="AMirror820">{{cite web |title=Iconic INS Viraat to be dismantled at Alang |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/columns/the-informer/iconic-ins-viraat-to-be-dismantled-at-alang/articleshow/77711135.cms |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |access-date=29 August 2020 |date=24 August | After an expert committee determined ''Viraat'' 's structural deterioration made her preservation unviable, the union government decided to scrap her and held an online auction;<ref name=Econ/><ref name="Alang_dismantling">{{cite news|title=INS Viraat set for dismantling at Alang yard|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-viraat-set-for-dismantling-at-alang/article32716233.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> in July 2020, Gujarat-based shipping firm Shri Ram Shipping purchased the ship from the Metal Scrap Corporation for {{INRConvert|38.54|c|0}}.<ref name="Alang_dismantling"/> She was scheduled be dismantled at [[Alang]] starting in September 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/26/like-indias-1st-aircraft-carrier-steel-from-scrapped-viraat-may-be-used-for-bikes.html |title=Like India's 1st aircraft carrier, steel from scrapped Viraat may be used for bikes |website=The Week |date=26 August 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-viraat-decommissioned-three-years-ago-to-be-dismantled-at-alang-in-gujarat/articleshow/77739691.cms |title=INS Viraat, decommissioned three years ago, to be dismantled at Alang in Gujarat |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=25 August 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020 }}</ref><ref name="AMirror820">{{cite web |title=Iconic INS Viraat to be dismantled at Alang |url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/columns/the-informer/iconic-ins-viraat-to-be-dismantled-at-alang/articleshow/77711135.cms |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |access-date=29 August 2020 |date=24 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="IExpress820">{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Avinash |title=INS Viraat to be broken at Alang and sold as scrap |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ins-viraat-to-be-broken-at-alang-and-sold-as-scrap-6568260/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=29 August 2020 |date=24 August 2022}}</ref> On 19 September 2020, ''Viraat'' was towed from her berth at the Mumbai Naval Dockyard to the scrappers at Alang in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, reaching the port at Alang on the evening of 22 September.<ref name="Alang_dismantling"/> | ||
On 28 September, ''Viraat'' was beached at Alang. At the end of September, a private Mumbai-registered company, Envitech Marine Consultants Private Limited, offered to purchase the ship from Shree Ram Shipping and preserve her as a museum and tourist centre, to be provisionally berthed at Goa. The Goa state government gave its support provided the project was approved by the Ministry of Defence, the necessary clearances were obtained and the state would incur no financial obligations. Shree Ram Shipping offered to sell ''Viraat'' to Envitech for {{INRConvert|100|c|0}}, provided the firm receive the clearances and assume all cost and risk.<ref name="100_crore">{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Avinash |title=Rs 100 cr, multiple clearances required to save INS Viraat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rs-100-cr-multiple-clearances-required-to-save-ins-viraat-6657376/|website=The Indian Express |access-date=1 October 2020 |date=1 October | On 28 September, ''Viraat'' was beached at Alang. At the end of September, a private Mumbai-registered company, Envitech Marine Consultants Private Limited, offered to purchase the ship from Shree Ram Shipping and preserve her as a museum and tourist centre, to be provisionally berthed at Goa. The Goa state government gave its support provided the project was approved by the Ministry of Defence, the necessary clearances were obtained and the state would incur no financial obligations. Shree Ram Shipping offered to sell ''Viraat'' to Envitech for {{INRConvert|100|c|0}}, provided the firm receive the clearances and assume all cost and risk.<ref name="100_crore">{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Avinash |title=Rs 100 cr, multiple clearances required to save INS Viraat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rs-100-cr-multiple-clearances-required-to-save-ins-viraat-6657376/|website=The Indian Express |access-date=1 October 2020 |date=1 October 2022}}</ref> Discussions were in progress as of 1 October.<ref name="100_crore"/> | ||
On 10 February 2021 a Supreme Court hearing stayed the dismantling of the ship. The Court heard that Envitech proposed to purchase the ship for RS 100 cr and sought responses from Shree Ram Shipping and the Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-stays-dismantling-of-decommissioned-aircraft-carrier-ins-viraat-101612940015755.html |title=Supreme Court Stays Dismantling Of INS Viraat |website=Hindustan Times |date=10 February 2021 |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref> On 10 April 2021, the Supreme Court informed counsel for Envitech that INS Viraat had already become private property of Shree Ram Group; who had testified that 40% of the ship had already been broken.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> | On 10 February 2021 a Supreme Court hearing stayed the dismantling of the ship. The Court heard that Envitech proposed to purchase the ship for RS 100 cr and sought responses from Shree Ram Shipping and the Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-stays-dismantling-of-decommissioned-aircraft-carrier-ins-viraat-101612940015755.html |title=Supreme Court Stays Dismantling Of INS Viraat |website=Hindustan Times |date=10 February 2021 |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref> On 10 April 2021, the Supreme Court informed counsel for Envitech that INS Viraat had already become private property of Shree Ram Group; who had testified that 40% of the ship had already been broken.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> | ||
There is a plan to have two of INS Viraat's anchors displayed at the Port Museum in Alappuzha, which is being developed.<ref>{{Cite news|title=INS Viraat's anchor to be part of Port Museum?|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/jun/04/ins-viraats-anchor-to-be-part-of-port-museum-2311483.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> | There is a plan to have two of INS ''Viraat'''s anchors displayed at the Port Museum in Alappuzha, which is being developed.<ref>{{Cite news|title=INS Viraat's anchor to be part of Port Museum?|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/jun/04/ins-viraats-anchor-to-be-part-of-port-museum-2311483.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
| Line 335: | Line 335: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[List of aircraft carriers]] | *[[List of aircraft carriers]] | ||
* | * {{INS|Vikrant|1961}} | ||
* | * {{INS|Vikramaditya}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||