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{{other people|Udham Singh}} | {{other people|Udham Singh}} | ||
{{redirect|Shaheed Udham Singh|the 2021 film|Sardar Udham|the 2000 film|Shaheed Udham Singh (film)}} | {{redirect|Shaheed Udham Singh|the 2021 film|Sardar Udham|the 2000 film|Shaheed Udham Singh (film)}} | ||
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox criminal | {{Infobox criminal | ||
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'''Udham Singh''' (born '''Sher Singh'''; 26 December 1899 — 31 July 1940) was an Indian revolutionary belonging to [[Ghadar Movement|Ghadar Party]] and [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|HSRA]], best known for assassinating [[Michael O'Dwyer]], the former lieutenant governor of the [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] in [[British India|India]], on 13 March 1940. The assassination was done in revenge for the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in [[Amritsar]] in 1919, for which O'Dwyer was responsible.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|author=Swami, Praveen|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1422/14220500.htm|title=Jallianwala Bagh revisited: A look at the actual history of one of the most shocking events of the independence struggle|newspaper=Frontline|location=India|volume=14|series=22|pages=1–14|date=Nov 1997}}</ref> Singh was subsequently tried and convicted of murder and hanged in July 1940. While in custody, he used the name '''Ram Mohammad Singh Azad''', which represents the three major religions in [[India]] and his anti-colonial sentiment.<ref name="Farina_2010"/> | '''Udham Singh''' (born '''Sher Singh'''; 26 December 1899 — 31 July 1940) was an Indian revolutionary belonging to [[Ghadar Movement|Ghadar Party]] and [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|HSRA]], best known for assassinating [[Michael O'Dwyer]], the former lieutenant governor of the [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] in [[British India|India]], on 13 March 1940. The assassination was done in revenge for the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in [[Amritsar]] in 1919, for which O'Dwyer was responsible.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|author=Swami, Praveen|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1422/14220500.htm|title=Jallianwala Bagh revisited: A look at the actual history of one of the most shocking events of the independence struggle|newspaper=Frontline|location=India|volume=14|series=22|pages=1–14|date=Nov 1997}}</ref> Singh was subsequently tried and convicted of murder and hanged in July 1940. While in custody, he used the name '''Ram Mohammad Singh Azad''', which represents the three major religions in [[India]] and his anti-colonial sentiment.<ref name="Farina_2010"/> | ||
Singh is a well-known figure of the [[Indian independence movement]]. He is also referred to as ''Shaheed-i-Azam Sardar Udham Singh'' (the expression "Shaheed-i-Azam" means "the great martyr").<ref>{{cite news |title=Who was Sardar Udham Singh? Know interesting facts about the man who avenged Jallianwala Bagh massacre |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-was-sardar-udham-singh-know-interesting-facts-about-the-man-who-avenged-jallianwala-bagh-massacre |access-date=8 April 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=25 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> A district ([[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]) of [[Uttarakhand]] was named after him to pay homage in October 1995 by the [[Mayawati|Mayawati government]].<ref name="Singh 2015">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Anand Raj | title=Mayawati may create new district to tame old foe | website=The New Indian Express | date=12 March 2015 | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article398789.ece | access-date=14 May | Singh is a well-known figure of the [[Indian independence movement]]. He is also referred to as ''Shaheed-i-Azam Sardar Udham Singh'' (the expression "Shaheed-i-Azam" means "the great martyr").<ref>{{cite news |title=Who was Sardar Udham Singh? Know interesting facts about the man who avenged Jallianwala Bagh massacre |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/who-was-sardar-udham-singh-know-interesting-facts-about-the-man-who-avenged-jallianwala-bagh-massacre |access-date=8 April 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=25 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> A district ([[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]) of [[Uttarakhand]] was named after him to pay homage in October 1995 by the [[Mayawati|Mayawati government]].<ref name="Singh 2015">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Anand Raj | title=Mayawati may create new district to tame old foe | website=The New Indian Express | date=12 March 2015 | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article398789.ece | access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
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==Reactions== | ==Reactions== | ||
In its 18 March 1940 issue, ''[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]'' wrote, "O'Dwyer's name is connected with [[Punjab region|Punjab]] incidents which India will never forget".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/British/popular_memory.html|author=Vinay Lal|title=Manas: History and Politics, British India – Udham Singh in the Popular Memory|access-date=23 May 2014|date=May | In its 18 March 1940 issue, ''[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]'' wrote, "O'Dwyer's name is connected with [[Punjab region|Punjab]] incidents which India will never forget".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/British/popular_memory.html|author=Vinay Lal|title=Manas: History and Politics, British India – Udham Singh in the Popular Memory|access-date=23 May 2014|date=May 2008}}</ref> The Punjab section of Congress in the Punjab Assembly led by Dewan Chaman Lal refused to vote for the Premier's motion to condemn the assassination.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book|title=Udham Singh, alias, Ram Mohammed Singh Azad: a saga of the freedom movement and Jallianwala Bagh|year=1998|page=300|author=Singh, Sikander|publisher=B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh}}</ref> In April 1940, at the Annual Session of the All India Congress Committee held in commemoration of 21st anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, the youth wing of the Indian National Congress Party displayed revolutionary slogans in support of Singh, applauding his action as patriotic and heroic.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bhagat Singh and his Times|location=Delhi|year=1970|page=18|author=Manmath Nath Gupta}}</ref> | ||
Singh had some support from the international press. ''[[The Times]]'' of London called him a "fighter for freedom", his actions "an expression of the pent-up fury of the downtrodden Indian people."<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Times|location=London|date=16 March 1940}}</ref> ''Bergeret'' from Rome praised Singh's action as courageous.<ref>{{cite book|author=Public and Judicial Department, File No L/P + J/7/3822|title=10 Caxton Hall outrage|publisher=India Office Library and Records|location=London|pages=13–14}}</ref> | Singh had some support from the international press. ''[[The Times]]'' of London called him a "fighter for freedom", his actions "an expression of the pent-up fury of the downtrodden Indian people."<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Times|location=London|date=16 March 1940}}</ref> ''Bergeret'' from Rome praised Singh's action as courageous.<ref>{{cite book|author=Public and Judicial Department, File No L/P + J/7/3822|title=10 Caxton Hall outrage|publisher=India Office Library and Records|location=London|pages=13–14}}</ref> | ||
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* Singh is the subject of the 1998 track "Assassin" by [[Asian Dub Foundation]]. | * Singh is the subject of the 1998 track "Assassin" by [[Asian Dub Foundation]]. | ||
* Shaheed Udham Singh Chowk in [[Anupgarh]] was named for him. | * Shaheed Udham Singh Chowk in [[Anupgarh]] was named for him. | ||
* The day of his death is a public holiday in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjab.gov.in/list-of-holidays|title=Government of Punjab, India}}</ref> and [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publicholidays.in/|title=Public Holidays 2016 and | * The day of his death is a public holiday in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjab.gov.in/list-of-holidays|title=Government of Punjab, India}}</ref> and [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publicholidays.in/|title=Public Holidays 2016 and 2017}}</ref> | ||
* A statue of him was installed by International Sarav Kamboj Samaj at the main entrance of Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar on 13 March 2018. The statue was unveiled by Union Home Minister [[Rajnath Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2018|title=Rajnath Singh unveils statue of Udham Singh at Jallianwala Bagh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/rajnath-unveils-statue-of-udham-singh-at-jallianwala-bagh/articleshow/63291694.cms|url-status=live|access-date=7 August 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | * A statue of him was installed by International Sarav Kamboj Samaj at the main entrance of Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar on 13 March 2018. The statue was unveiled by Union Home Minister [[Rajnath Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2018|title=Rajnath Singh unveils statue of Udham Singh at Jallianwala Bagh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/rajnath-unveils-statue-of-udham-singh-at-jallianwala-bagh/articleshow/63291694.cms|url-status=live|access-date=7 August 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||