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{{Short description|Salutation used to express patriotism in India}}
{{About|the slogan|the Internet comedy show|Jay Hind!}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2021}}
{{italic title}}
 
'''Jai Hind''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|aɪ|_|h|ɪ|n|d}}, {{Lang-hi|जय हिन्द}}, {{IPA-hi|dʒəj ɦɪnd|IPA}}) is a salutation and slogan that originally meant "Victory to [[Hindustan]]",<ref>{{cite book |title=A comprehensive history of modern India |last=Chopra |first=Pram Nath |year=2003 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |isbn=81-207-2506-9 |page=283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA283 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> and in contemporary colloquial usage often means "Long live India"<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rise and Fall of the British Empire |last=James |first=Lawrence |year=1997 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-16985-5<!-- 8120725069--> |page=548 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DMS3r_BxOYC&q=jai+hind+long+live+india&pg=RA4-PA548-IA8 |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> or "Salute to India". Coined by [[Champakaraman Pillai]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Stephenson|title=Germany's Asia-Pacific Empire: Colonialism and Naval Policy, 1885-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOtCAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-518-9|page=233|quote=...Champakaraman Pillai, a committed anti-imperialist. He is credited with coining the phrase 'Jai Hind' meaning 'Victory for India'...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Saroja Sundararajan|title=Madras Presidency in pre-Gandhian era: a historical perspective, 1884-1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ExuAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Lalitha Publications|page=535|quote=To Champakaraman Pillai goes the credit of coining the taraka mantra "Jai Hind" in 1907...}}</ref> and used during [[Indian independence movement|India's independence movement]] from [[British Raj|British rule]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Ian W. Archer|title=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foj2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-06386-0|page=203}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gyanendra Pandey|title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C |year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00250-9|pages=100–101}}</ref> it emerged as a [[battle cry]] and in political speeches.<ref name=bose2018 />
{{short description|salutation used to express patriotism in India}}
'''Jai Hind''' ({{Lang-hi|जय हिन्द}}, {{IPA-hi|dʒəj ɦɪnd|IPA}}) is a salutation and slogan that originally meant "Victory to India",<ref>{{cite book |title=A comprehensive history of modern India |last=Chopra |first=Pram Nath |year=2003 |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |isbn=81-207-2506-9 |page=283 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAON5AW4yUEC&pg=PA283 |access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> and in contemporary colloquial usage usually means "Long live India"<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rise and Fall of the British Empire |last=James |first=Lawrence |year=1997 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-16985-5<!-- 8120725069--> |page=548 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DMS3r_BxOYC&q=jai+hind+long+live+india&pg=RA4-PA548-IA8 |access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> or "Salute to India". Coined and used during [[Indian independence movement|India's independence movement]] from [[British Raj|British rule]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Ian W. Archer|title=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foj2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-06386-0|page=203}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gyanendra Pandey|title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C |year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00250-9|pages=100–101}}</ref> it emerged as a form of [[battle cry]] and in political speeches.<ref name=bose2018 />


==Etymology and nomenclature==
==Etymology and nomenclature==
The word "jai" is derived from ''jaya'' ([[Sanskrit]]), which means "triumph, victory, cheers, bravo, rejoice".<ref>{{cite book|author=Duncan Forbes|title=A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWtOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307|year=1958|publisher=W.H. Allen and Company|page=307}}</ref> The word ''jaya'' appears in Vedic literature such as in ''Atharvaveda'' 8.50.8 and in post-Vedic literature such as the ''Mahabharata''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009)|author=Monier Monier-Williams|publisher=Harvard University Press|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc2/index.php|chapter=jaya (जय)}}</ref>
The word "jai" is derived from ''jaya'' ([[Sanskrit]]), which means "triumph, victory, cheers, bravo, rejoice".<ref>{{cite book|author=Duncan Forbes|title=A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWtOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307|year=1958|publisher=W.H. Allen and Company|page=307}}</ref> The word ''jaya'' appears in [[Vedas|Vedic]] literature such as in ''[[Atharvaveda]]'' 8.50.8 and in post-Vedic literature such as the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009)|author=Monier Monier-Williams|publisher=Harvard University Press|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc2/index.php|chapter=jaya (जय)}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The Term "Jai Hind" was initially coined by Shenbagaraman Pillai in 1907. There is a misconception that [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] coined the slogan 'Jai Hind' but Narendra Luther, a  former civil servant in his book "Legendotes of Hyderabad" based on documentary evidences, interviews and research credited it to Zain -ul Abideen Hasan. He was son of a Collector from [[Hyderabad]], who went to Germany to study engineering. Later Zain-ul-Abideen became major in INA and participated in India campaigns. "Netaji" ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: "Respected Leader") Subhas Chandra Bose wanted an Indian style salute in his army and various suggestions came from. Zain-Ul-Abideen came up with 'Jai Hind' and Netaji Bose gladly accepted it.<ref>https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Who-coined-the-slogan-Jai-Hind/articleshow/30939048.cms</ref> This slogan was later adopted by Subhas Chandra Bose for INA based on the recommendation of Zain-Ul-Abideen in 1941.
It is believed that In 1907, Champakaraman Pillai coined the term "Jai Hind",<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Stephenson|title=Germany's Asia-Pacific Empire: Colonialism and Naval Policy, 1885-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOtCAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-518-9|page=233|quote=...Champakaraman Pillai, a committed anti-imperialist. He is credited with coining the phrase 'Jai Hind' meaning 'Victory for India'...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Saroja Sundararajan|title=Madras Presidency in pre-Gandhian era: a historical perspective, 1884-1915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ExuAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Lalitha Publications|page=535|quote=To Champakaraman Pillai goes the credit of coining the taraka mantra "Jai Hind" in 1907...}}</ref> which was adopted as slogan of the [[Indian National Army]] in the 1940s at the suggestion of [[Abid Hasan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gurbachan Singh Mangat|title=The Tiger Strikes: An Unwritten Chapter of Netaji's Life History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiMgAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Gagan Publishers|page=95}}</ref> After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan.<ref name="bose2018"/> But the above references sited for coining of phrase "Jai Hind" by Champakaraman Pillai does not have any authentic references about this claim. These references also does not tell when he coined this phrase and when it reached to Netaji. However there is an authentic reference that this phrase "Jai Hind" was actually coined by [[Abid Hasan]]<ref name="Who coined 'Jai Hind'">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/who-coined-jai-hind-114022400255_1.html|title=Who coined 'Jai Hind'? |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=24 February 2014 |agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref>


According to grand-nephew [[Sumantra Bose]], a historian, the phrase is devoid of any religious tone. The term became popular as a slogan and greeting of the Indian National Army organized by Subhas Chandra Bose and his colleagues, particularly between 1943–45.<ref name=bose2018/> After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan, and has been a common form of greeting the people of India by its political leaders and prime ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru,<ref name="Zachariah2004">{{cite book|author=Benjamin Zachariah|title=Nehru|url=https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-57740-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach/page/126 126]–127}}</ref> Indira Gandhi,<ref name=ighandi1984/> Rajiv Gandhi, P V Narasimha Rao, and others.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jagdish Bhagwati|author2=Arvind Panagariya|title=Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for Other Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEm-kZpLY7UC&pg=PT35|year=2013|publisher=Public Affairs|isbn=978-1-61039-272-3|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9SwAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|page=1325}}</ref> Indira Gandhi would end her political speeches with triple shouts of "Jai Hind".<ref name=ighandi1984>{{cite book|author=Indira Gandhi|title=Selected speeches and writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-October 30, 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAtuAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|pages=273 }}</ref> Since the mid-1990s, came to be used as a greeting among the Indian Army personnel.<ref name=bose2018>{{cite book|author=Sumantra Bose|title=Secular States, Religious Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrxsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47203-6|pages=49–50}}</ref>
According to grand-nephew [[Sumantra Bose]], a historian, the phrase is devoid of any religious tones. The term became popular as a slogan and greeting of the Indian National Army organized by Bose and his colleagues, particularly between 1943–45.<ref name=bose2018/>  
After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan, and has been a common form of greeting the Indian people by political leaders and [[Prime Minister of India|prime ministers]] such as [[Jawaharlal Nehru]],<ref name="Zachariah2004">{{cite book|author=Benjamin Zachariah|title=Nehru|url=https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-57740-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nehru0000zach/page/126 126]–127}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi]],<ref name=ighandi1984/> [[Rajiv Gandhi]], [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]], and others.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jagdish Bhagwati|author2=Arvind Panagariya|title=Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for Other Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEm-kZpLY7UC&pg=PT35|year=2013|publisher=Public Affairs|isbn=978-1-61039-272-3|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9SwAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|page=1325}}</ref> Indira Gandhi in particular often ended her political speeches with a triple shout of "''Jai Hind''".<ref name=ighandi1984>{{cite book|author=Indira Gandhi|title=Selected speeches and writings of Indira Gandhi, September 1972-October 30, 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAtuAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|pages=273 }}</ref> Since the mid-1990s, it came to be used as a greeting among Indian Army personnel.<ref name=bose2018>{{cite book|author=Sumantra Bose|title=Secular States, Religious Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrxsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47203-6|pages=49–50}}</ref>


<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh chanting 'Jai Hind' from the ramparts of Red Fort on the occasion of 64th Independence Day, in Delhi on August 15, 2010.jpg|Former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh chanting ''Jai Hind'' from the ramparts of Red Fort, Delhi
The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh chanting 'Jai Hind' from the ramparts of Red Fort on the occasion of 64th Independence Day, in Delhi on August 15, 2010.jpg|Former Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] chanting "''Jai Hind''" from the ramparts of [[Red Fort]], [[Delhi]]
JAI HIND.jpg|The book "Jai Hind" authored by Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare.
JAI HIND.jpg|The book "''Jai Hind''" by Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare.
1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg|Independent India's first postage stamp.
1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg|Independent India's first postage stamp.
Jai Hind Post-mark.gif|Indian commemorative post-mark of "[[Jai Hind postmark|Jai Hind]]".
Jai Hind Post-mark.gif|Indian commemorative [[Jai Hind postmark|''Jai Hind'' postmark]].
</gallery>
</gallery>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
A follower of Indian nationalist [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare, of [[Gwalior|Gwalher]] (Gwalior) Madhya Bharat, wrote a patriotic drama ''Jai Hind'' in March 1947 and published a book in [[Hindi]], with the same title. Later, Karkare became Congress president of Central India Province.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}
A follower of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare, of [[Gwalior|Gwalher]] (Gwalior) Madhya Bharat, wrote the patriotic drama ''Jai Hind'' in March 1947, and published a book in [[Hindi]] with the same title. Later, Karkare became Congress president of Central India Province.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}


The [[Jai Hind postmark]] was the first commemorative [[postmark]] of Independent India. The first stamps of Independent India were issued on November 21, 1947 with ''Jai Hind'' inscribed on them, in 1.5 anna, 3.5 anna and 12 anna denominations. Along with Jai Hind, they carried images of Ashoka capital, national flag and an aircraft respectively.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gopa Sabharwal|title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9gvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|year=2017|publisher=Penguin Random House|isbn=978-93-5214-089-3|page=24}}</ref> "जय हिन्द" is also stated on the first, [[List of postage stamps of India#1947|Independence series of Indian stamps]].
The [[Jai Hind postmark]] was the first commemorative [[postmark]] of Independent India. The first stamps of an independent India were issued on November 21, 1947 with ''Jai Hind'' inscribed on them, in 1.5 anna, 3.5 anna and 12 anna denominations. Along with ''Jai Hind'', these bore images of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]], the [[Flag of India|national flag]], and an aircraft respectively.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gopa Sabharwal|title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9gvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|year=2017|publisher=Penguin Random House|isbn=978-93-5214-089-3|page=24}}</ref> "जय हिन्द" is also stated on the first, [[List of postage stamps of India#1947|Independence series of Indian stamps]].


The phrase is used on [[All India Radio]] at the end of a broadcast.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} It occurs in the patriotic song "[[Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo]]" sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Mamta |title=Filmi & non-filmi songs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=459ay5Ai2l4C&q=Jay+Hind&pg=PA38|year=2004|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books|isbn=81-288-0299-2|page=38}}</ref>
The phrase is used on [[All India Radio]] at the end of a broadcast.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} It occurs in the patriotic song ''[[Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo]]'' sung by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=Mamta |title=Filmi & non-filmi songs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=459ay5Ai2l4C&q=Jay+Hind&pg=PA38|year=2004|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books|isbn=81-288-0299-2|page=38}}</ref> The phrase also appeared in early slogans of state-owned [[Air India]], with a 1965 [[Lok Sabha]] debate mentioning it as part of the tagline "One Nation, One Leader, One India, Jai Hind".<ref>{{cite book|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3weAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|page=6220}}</ref>


[[Mahatma Gandhi]] sent a piece of crocheted, cotton lace made from yarn personally spun by himself, with the central motif ''Jai Hind'', to British Royal couple [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] as a wedding gift in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/DiamondAnniversary/60facts.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008194238/http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/DiamondAnniversary/60facts.aspx |archive-date=October 8, 2015 }}</ref>
[[Mahatma Gandhi]] sent a piece of crocheted, cotton lace made from yarn he spun by himself, with the central motif of ''Jai Hind'', to [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], as a gift on the occasion of [[Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten|their wedding]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/DiamondAnniversary/60facts.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008194238/http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/DiamondAnniversary/60facts.aspx |archive-date=October 8, 2015 }}</ref>
 
The phrase appeared in the early years of [[Air India]] slogans, with a 1965 Lok Sabha debate mentioning it being a part of the tagline of the government-owned national airline as "One Nation, One Leader, One India, Jai Hind".<ref>{{cite book|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3weAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|page=6220}}</ref>


==Other uses==
==Other uses==
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*''[[Jai Hind (1994 film)|Jai Hind]]'' (1994), a Tamil movie with [[Arjun Sarja]] as hero
*''[[Jai Hind (1994 film)|Jai Hind]]'' (1994), a Tamil movie with [[Arjun Sarja]] as hero
* ''Jai Hind'' (1999), a Hindi film, made by actor-director [[Manoj Kumar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|0286728|Jai Hind}}</ref>
* ''Jai Hind'' (1999), a Hindi film, made by actor-director [[Manoj Kumar]]<ref>{{IMDb title|0286728|Jai Hind}}</ref>
* The comedy show ''[[Jay Hind!][https://jayhindnews.in/ JayHindNews.In ]]'' (2009)
* The comedy show ''[[Jay Hind!]]''
* [[Jai Hind College]], [[Mumbai]]
* [[Jai Hind College]], [[Mumbai]]
* ''[[Jai Hind (newspaper)|Jai Hind]]'', a Gujarati newspaper
* ''[[Jai Hind (newspaper)|Jai Hind]]'', a Gujarati newspaper
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* [[Bharat Mata]]
* [[Bharat Mata]]
* [[Bangamata|Banga Mata]]
* [[Bangamata|Banga Mata]]
* [[Sri Lanka Matha|Sri Lanka Mata]]
* [[Sri Lanka Matha|Sri Lanka Mata]]
* [[Hindutva]]
* [[Hindustan Zindabad]]
* [[Hindustan Zindabad]]
* [[Jai Jawan Jai Kisan]]
* [[Jai Jawan Jai Kisan]]
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* [[Jai Maharashtra]]
* [[Jai Maharashtra]]
* [[Jaya Jaya He Telangana]]
* [[Jaya Jaya He Telangana]]
* [[Jai Jai Garvi Gujarat]]
* [[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]
* [[Vande Mataram]]
* [[Vande Mataram]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
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[[Category:Battle cries]]
[[Category:Battle cries]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:History of West Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]
{{simple-Wikipedia}}
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