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{{short description|Indian army command}}
{{short description|Indian army command}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                    = '''Eastern Command'''
| unit_name                    = '''Eastern Command'''
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| dates                        = 1920–present
| dates                        = 1920–present
| country                      = {{flag|India}}
| country                      = {{flag|India}}
| branch                        = {{army|British India}}<br>{{army|India}}
| branch                        = {{army|India}}
| type                          = [[Command (military formation)|Command]]
| type                          = [[Command (military formation)|Command]]
| size                          =  
| size                          =  
| command_structure            =  
| command_structure            =  
| garrison                      = [[Kolkata]]
| garrison                      = [[Fort William, India|Fort William]], [[Kolkata]]
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| battles                      = [[World War II]]<br/>[[Sino-Indian War]]<br/>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br>[[2020 China–India skirmishes]]
| battles                      = [[World War II]]<br/>[[Sino-Indian War]]<br/>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br>[[2020 China–India skirmishes]]
| notable_commanders            = [[Field Marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[K. M. Cariappa|Kodandera Madappa Cariappa]] <br/>[[General (India)|Gen]] [[Rajendrasinhji Jadeja]] <br/>[[General (India)|Gen]] [[Kodandera Subayya Thimayya|K S Thimayya]]<br/> [[Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam|Gen P. P. Kumaramangalan]] <br/>[[Field Marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[Sam Manekshaw]] <br/> [[Lieutenant General|Lt Gen]] [[S. P. P. Thorat]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya|A. S. Vaidya ]] <br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Vishwa Nath Sharma|V. N. Sharma]] <br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Vijay Kumar Singh|V. K. Singh]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Bikram Singh (general)|Bikram Singh]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Dalbir Singh Suhag]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Manoj Mukund Naravane|M. M. Naravane]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Manoj Pande (general)|Manoj Pande]]
| notable_commanders            = [[Field Marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[K. M. Cariappa|Kodandera Madappa Cariappa]] <br/>[[General (India)|Gen]] [[Rajendrasinhji Jadeja]] <br/>[[General (India)|Gen]] [[Kodandera Subayya Thimayya|K S Thimayya]]<br/> [[Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam|Gen P. P. Kumaramangalan]] <br/>[[Field Marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[Sam Manekshaw]] <br/> [[Lieutenant General|Lt Gen]] [[S. P. P. Thorat]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Arun Shridhar Vaidya|A. S. Vaidya ]] <br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Vishwa Nath Sharma|V. N. Sharma]] <br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Vijay Kumar Singh|V. K. Singh]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Bikram Singh (general)|Bikram Singh]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Dalbir Singh Suhag]]<br/> [[General (India)|Gen]] [[Manoj Mukund Naravane|M. M. Naravane]]<br/>[[General (India)|Gen]] [[Anil Chauhan]]<br>[[General (India)|Gen]] [[Manoj Pande (general)|Manoj Pande]]
| specialization                =  
| specialization                =  
| current_commander            = [[Lt Gen]] [[Rana Pratap Kalita]] [[UYSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
| current_commander            = [[Lt Gen]] [[Rana Pratap Kalita]] [[UYSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
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Between 1904 and 1908, the Bengal Command became the Eastern Command. In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies – Northern Army and Southern Army – as recommended by the then [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army]], [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener#India|Lord Kitchener]]. This system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again: Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command.<ref name="IA"/>
Between 1904 and 1908, the Bengal Command became the Eastern Command. In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies – Northern Army and Southern Army – as recommended by the then [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army]], [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener#India|Lord Kitchener]]. This system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again: Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command.<ref name="IA"/>


On 1 November 1920, the Eastern Command was formed, with its summer headquarters in [[Nainital]] and winter headquarters in [[Lucknow]]. [[General]] [[Havelock Hudson|Sir Havelock Hudson]], become its first Commander.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3h5DAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA20-PA21|title=Sir Havelock Hudson|publisher=Pioneer Mail and Indian Weekly News|volume=47|date=26 November 1920|access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref>
On 1 November 1920, the Eastern Command was formed, with its summer headquarters in [[Nainital]] and winter headquarters in [[Lucknow]]. [[General]] [[Havelock Hudson|Sir Havelock Hudson]], become its first Commander.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3h5DAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA20-PA21|title=Sir Havelock Hudson|publisher=Pioneer Mail and Indian Weekly News|volume=47|date=26 November 1920|access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>


===Second World War===
===Second World War===
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On 16 December 1971, the [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Eastern Command]] of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] surrendered at [[Dhaka]]. [[East Pakistan]] ceased to exist and [[Bangladesh]] was born. [[Lt Gen]] [[Jagjit Singh Aurora|J S Arora]] accepted the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender]], signed by [[Lt Gen]] [[A. A. K. Niazi]] at [[Suhrawardy Udyan|Dacca Racecourse]]. Approximately 90,000<ref name="India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal">
On 16 December 1971, the [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Eastern Command]] of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] surrendered at [[Dhaka]]. [[East Pakistan]] ceased to exist and [[Bangladesh]] was born. [[Lt Gen]] [[Jagjit Singh Aurora|J S Arora]] accepted the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender]], signed by [[Lt Gen]] [[A. A. K. Niazi]] at [[Suhrawardy Udyan|Dacca Racecourse]]. Approximately 90,000<ref name="India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal">
{{cite book|last1=Orton|first1=Anna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RBOnS8KsgcC&q=Pakistan%20army%20air%20force%20navy%20surrender%20in%20Dhaka%20civilian%20including%20razakars&pg=PA117|title=India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal|publisher=Epitome Books|year=2010|isbn=9789380297156|page=117|access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> to 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation|taken prisoner]] by the [[Indian Army]], which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan.<ref name="India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=S. M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuYcwYCcjpIC&q=many%20pakistani%20women%20prisoners%20of%20war%20in%201971&pg=PA216|title=Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies&nbsp;– S. M. Burke|year=1974|isbn=9780816607204|access-date=27 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last=Bose|first=Sarmila|date=November 2011|title=The question of genocide and the quest for justice in the 1971 war|url=http://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/materials/profile_materials/jgr%20vol%2013%20no%204%202011.pdf|journal=Journal of Genocide Research|volume=13|issue=4|page=398|doi=10.1080/14623528.2011.625750|s2cid=38668401}}</ref>
{{cite book|last1=Orton|first1=Anna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RBOnS8KsgcC&q=Pakistan%20army%20air%20force%20navy%20surrender%20in%20Dhaka%20civilian%20including%20razakars&pg=PA117|title=India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal|publisher=Epitome Books|year=2010|isbn=9789380297156|page=117|access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> to 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation|taken prisoner]] by the [[Indian Army]], which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces, including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan.<ref name="India's Borderland Disputes: China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=S. M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuYcwYCcjpIC&q=many%20pakistani%20women%20prisoners%20of%20war%20in%201971&pg=PA216|title=Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies&nbsp;– S. M. Burke|year=1974|isbn=9780816607204|access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last=Bose|first=Sarmila|date=November 2011|title=The question of genocide and the quest for justice in the 1971 war|url=http://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/materials/profile_materials/jgr%20vol%2013%20no%204%202011.pdf|journal=Journal of Genocide Research|volume=13|issue=4|page=398|doi=10.1080/14623528.2011.625750|s2cid=38668401}}</ref>


==Structure==
==Structure==
The Command's Area Of Responsibility (AOR)<ref name="ecmain">{{cite web |title=Eastern Command |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=pC9iLNHPobfraCwHDbsbhQ==&ParentID=eRqrP8krXrNy3r72MZN5Aw==&flag=KtJBzTi+5a+TlAfPOk/3YA== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502204330/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=pC9iLNHPobfraCwHDbsbhQ%3D%3D&ParentID=eRqrP8krXrNy3r72MZN5Aw%3D%3D&flag=KtJBzTi+5a+TlAfPOk%2F3YA%3D%3D |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=25 June 2012 |publisher=Indian Army |df=dmy-all}}</ref> covers folllowing states of India:
The Command's Area Of Responsibility (AOR)<ref name="ecmain">{{cite web |title=Eastern Command |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=pC9iLNHPobfraCwHDbsbhQ==&ParentID=eRqrP8krXrNy3r72MZN5Aw==&flag=KtJBzTi+5a+TlAfPOk/3YA== |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502204330/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=pC9iLNHPobfraCwHDbsbhQ%3D%3D&ParentID=eRqrP8krXrNy3r72MZN5Aw%3D%3D&flag=KtJBzTi+5a+TlAfPOk%2F3YA%3D%3D |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=25 June 2012 |publisher=Indian Army |df=dmy-all}}</ref> covers the following states of India:
*[[West Bengal]]
*[[West Bengal]]
*[[Sikkim]]
*[[Sikkim]]
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''<small>(Spear Corps)</small>''
''<small>(Spear Corps)</small>''
| rowspan="3" |[[Dimapur|Rangapahar]], [[Nagaland]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Dimapur|Rangapahar]], [[Nagaland]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Lieutenant general|Lt Gen]] R. C. Tiwari<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021-03-08 |title=Bank's Functions - PNG Division - Educational Facilities for Indigens - PNG Bankers College - PNG Bankers College Course 5 - 12 February 1968 - 1 March 1968 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-006420}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |[[Lieutenant general|Lt Gen]] R. C. Tiwari<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021-03-08 |title=Bank's Functions - PNG Division - Educational Facilities for Indigens - PNG Bankers College - PNG Bankers College Course 5 - 12 February 1968 - 1 March 1968 |doi=10.47688/rba_archives_pn-006420 |s2cid=240681019 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-006420}}</ref>
|[[2nd Infantry Division (India)|2 Mountain Division]]
|[[2nd Infantry Division (India)|2 Mountain Division]]
|[[Dinjan]], [[Assam]]
|[[Dinjan]], [[Assam]]
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== Precursors (1902–1947) ==
== Precursors (1902–1947) ==
Following is the list of precursors to the Eastern Command and their commanders:<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf|date=5 July 2015}}</ref>
Following is the list of precursors to the Eastern Command and their commanders:<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf|date=5 July 2022}}</ref>


=== Eastern Command (1902–1907) ===
=== Eastern Command (1902–1907) ===
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|31 August 2019
|31 August 2019
|[[Sikh Light Infantry]]
|[[Sikh Light Infantry]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lt-gen-naravane-appointed-eastern-army-commander/article25041344.ece|title=Lt. Gen. Naravane appointed Eastern Army Commander|date=25 September 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lt-gen-naravane-appointed-eastern-army-commander/article25041344.ece|title=Lt. Gen. Naravane appointed Eastern Army Commander|date=25 September 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Lieutenant General]]
|[[Lieutenant General]]
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|[[11 Gorkha Rifles]]
|[[11 Gorkha Rifles]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/lieutenant-general-anil-chauhan-takes-over-as-eastern-army-commander/articleshow/70938726.cms| title=Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan takes over as Eastern Army Commander
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/lieutenant-general-anil-chauhan-takes-over-as-eastern-army-commander/articleshow/70938726.cms| title=Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan takes over as Eastern Army Commander
| website=[[The Times of India]]
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|-
|-
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== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
*Richard A. Renaldi and Ravi Rikhe, 'Indian Army Order of Battle,' Orbat.com for Tiger Lily Books: A division of General Data LLC, {{ISBN|978-0-9820541-7-8}}, 2011.
*Richard A. Renaldi; Ravi Rikhe (2011), 'Indian Army Order of Battle', Orbat.com for Tiger Lily Books: A division of General Data LLC, {{ISBN|978-0-9820541-7-8}}.


{{Military of India}}
{{Military of India}}
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