Meghna Heli Bridge: Difference between revisions

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}

|caption=[[Mil Mi-4|Mi-4]] of [[Indian Air Force|IAF]] mounting troops in [[Brahmanbaria]] on 9 December 1971.<!-- FAIR USE of Meghna_Helibridge.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Meghna_Helibridge.jpg for rationale -->

'''Meghna Heli Bridge''' codenamed ''''Operation Cactus Lilly''''  was an aerial [[military operation|operation]] of the [[Indian Air Force]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], commencing India's involvement in [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. It took place on 9 December, when the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) airlifted the IV Corps of the [[Indian Army]] and [[Mukti Bahini]] fighters from [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanbaria]] to Raipura in [[Narsingdi District|Narsingdi]] over the River [[Meghna]], bypassing the destroyed Meghna Bridge and Pakistani defences in [[Ashuganj]].<ref name=Helibridge_meghna>{{cite news |title=Helibridge over the Meghna |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/1971/Dec10/Art04.htm |newspaper=The Liberation Times |date=10 December 1971 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706152854/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/1971/Dec10/Art04.htm |archive-date=6 July 2007 |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref>

When the war broke out, ''IV corps''  went into action in the [[Agartala]] sector. At the start of the Dhaka Campaign, Dhaka was set as an objective for ''II Corps'' and ''IV Corps '' had been tasked to capture the fortress of [[Comilla]]. By 8 December, troops of the ''57 Mountain Division'' and the ''IV Corps'' had already achieved their initial objectives of occupying the territory leading up to the [[Meghna]]. The only way across the river was over the Ashuganj Bridge, which very soon became a fortress where a Pakistani division had consolidated itself. The strategic importance of breaking down resistance at Ashuganj soon became apparent to [[Lt Gen Sagat Singh]], leading the IV Corps, who realised that his troops could, with a push, threaten Dhaka. Once a significant force had been built up, there was no recognisable enemy force between the helidropped force and Dhaka. Ashuganj Bridge was the only bridge that spanned the huge Meghna River which at its narrowest point was more than 4,000 yards wide. With his troops at Ashuganj, Singh however, realised his formation would be joining in the race to [[Dhaka]]. As would later turn out, ''II Corps'' was [[Battle of Kushtia|held at Kushtia]] by Pakistani defences and did not make it to Dhaka.  

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:IV Corps Ops Map.jpg|thumb|200px|left|'''IV Corps operation in 1971'''. The [[Ashuganj]] bridge, marked in red, was a key river crossing. Raipura and Narsingdi are situated immediately south of Ashuganj, North West of Dhaka.]] --><!-- FAIR USE of IV Corps Ops Map.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV Corps Ops Map.jpg for rationale -->

However, Aerial photos also showed that the bridge had been destroyed and it would require the Army Engineers to construct a new bridge over the sprawling Meghna for Indian troops to advance. Anticipating high casualties in the attempt to take the bridge by force, Singh, along with Maj Gen [[B F Gonsalves]], leading the 57 Mtn Div, made the decision to airlift the troops.<ref name=Helibridge_meghna/>

Brilliant in its conception, the idea was fraught with risks and dangers. The move had to go un-opposed, or at the worse, face minimal opposition from Pakistani troops north of Raipura. The Indian troops that were helidropped did not have artillery or armoured support. On the 9th, troops began to be airlifted to Raipura, south of the Ashuganj Bridge. Once this position was consolidated, the troops were to be airlifted to Narsingdi. From Narsingdi the road to Dhaka would lie bare for IV Corps to take. To provide support for the heliborne troops, PT-76 Tanks were told to ford the Meghna River.<ref name=Helibridge_meghna/>

The [[Indian Air Force|IAF]]'s operation was led by [[Group Captain]] [[Chandan Singh (Air Marshal)|Chandan Singh]] and utillised [[Mil Mi-4|Mi-4]] helicopters that had already been involved in the [[Battle of Sylhet|Sylhet air-lift]] on the night of 7 December. Through the night of 9 December, the IAF air-lifted the entire 311 Brigade. The first troops, numbering around six hundred were landed through the night of the 9th, immediately making contact with Pakistani troops north of Raipura. They however held their positions, with the IAF flying in reinforcements. Over the next 36 hours, over 110 sorties were flown. The Mi-4, which normally carried 14 troops, carried as many as 23 on board. The troops were initially airlifted to Raipura, south of the Ashuganj Bridge. At the same time as this operation was on, 73rd Brigade moved across Meghna on boats and riverine crafts.

After consolidating their positions at Raipura, the troops were helilifted to Narsingdi. After securing Narshingdi, Indian forces captured Daudkandi and Baidder Bazar on 14 and 15 December respectively, both with helicopter assault. From Narshingdi, the metalled road to Dhaka lay undefended for IV Corps to take.<ref name=Helibridge_meghna/>

The Pakistani Army had left the roads to Dhaka undefended moving their defences at the bridge-heads and defensive strong-points, expecting to hold the Indian Army at these positions long enough till the [[UN]] and international pressure halted the Indian advance. The '''Meghna Helibridge''' along with the '''[[Tangail Airdrop]]''' on  11 December ensured that these positions were by-passed, capturing the approaches to Dhaka. Moreover, the Pakistani garrison at Ashuganj was effectively put under [[siege]], facing the Indian Army at Brahmanbaria and at Raipura. The '''Tangail Airdrop''' a day later denied the Pakistani 93 Brigade the sanctuary of Dhaka. Dhaka now could only be defended by troops within the city.

[[Hindustan Ki Kasam]] a [[Hindi]] [[war movie]] directed by [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]] and released in 1973  was based on the incidents of  ''Operation Cactus Lilly''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top 10 films on Indo-Pak conflict |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/top-lists/top-10-films-on-indo-pak-conflict/videols/7824538.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 March 2011 |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref>