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{{distinguish|Rostam}} | {{distinguish|Rostam}} | ||
{{for|the 2016 film|Rustom (film)}} | {{for|the 2016 film|Rustom (film)}} | ||
<!-- This article is a part of [[ | <!-- This article is a part of [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> | ||
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin | {|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin | ||
| name = Rustom | | name = Rustom | ||
| image = Rustom-1 UAV.jpg | | image = Rustom - 1 UAV.jpg | ||
| caption = ADE Rustom-1 UAV | | caption = ADE Rustom-1 UAV | ||
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type | }}{{Infobox Aircraft Type | ||
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| first flight = {{plainlist| | | first flight = {{plainlist| | ||
* '''Rustom-1:''' 11 November 2009 | * '''Rustom-1:''' 11 November 2009 | ||
* '''TAPAS-BH-201:''' 15 November 2016 | * '''TAPAS-BH-201:''' 15 November 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/DRDOs-combat-drone-Rustom-2-flies-for-the-first-time/articleshow/55450539.cms |title=DRDO: DRDO's combat drone Rustom-2 flies for the first time - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2016-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116071900/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/DRDOs-combat-drone-Rustom-2-flies-for-the-first-time/articleshow/55450539.cms |archive-date=2016-11-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/DRDOs-combat-drone-Rustom-2-flies-for-the-first-time/articleshow/55450539.cms |title= | |||
}} | }} | ||
| introduction = | | introduction = | ||
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==Design and development== | ==Design and development== | ||
Rustom-1's basic design is derived from the NAL light canard research aircraft (LCRA). The aircraft has been named after Rustom Damania, a former professor of [[IISc]], Bangalore who died in 2001. DRDO decided to name the UAV after him because it is derived from [[National Aerospace Laboratories]]' light canard research aircraft (LCRA) developed under Rustom Damania's leadership in the 1980s.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb162009/state20090216118795.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221003749/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb162009/state20090216118795.asp |date=February 21, 2009 }}</ref> | Rustom-1's basic design is derived from the NAL light canard research aircraft (LCRA). The aircraft has been named after [[Rustom Damania]], a former professor of [[IISc]], Bangalore who died in 2001. DRDO decided to name the UAV after him because it is derived from [[National Aerospace Laboratories]]' light canard research aircraft (LCRA) developed under Rustom Damania's leadership in the 1980s.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb162009/state20090216118795.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221003749/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Feb162009/state20090216118795.asp |date=February 21, 2009 }}</ref> | ||
With the Rustom MALE UAV project, [[DRDO]] intends to move away from traditional ways of developing products whereby laboratories under DRDO, like the [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), which is involved in this project, develop and finalize the product and transfer technology to a production agency.<ref name=spsau10>{{cite web |title=Unmanned: The Future of Air Wars |url=http://www.spsaviation.net/exclusive/?id=164&h=Unmanned:-The-Future-of-Air-Wars |publisher=SP's Aviation |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605165251/http://www.spsaviation.net/exclusive/?id=164&h=Unmanned%3A-The-Future-of-Air-Wars |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref> | With the Rustom MALE UAV project, [[DRDO]] intends to move away from traditional ways of developing products whereby laboratories under DRDO, like the [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), which is involved in this project, develop and finalize the product and transfer technology to a production agency.<ref name=spsau10>{{cite web |title=Unmanned: The Future of Air Wars |url=http://www.spsaviation.net/exclusive/?id=164&h=Unmanned:-The-Future-of-Air-Wars |publisher=SP's Aviation |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605165251/http://www.spsaviation.net/exclusive/?id=164&h=Unmanned%3A-The-Future-of-Air-Wars |archive-date=5 June 2013 }}</ref> | ||
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* Rustom-1: Tactical UAV with endurance of 12 hours (based on [[National Aerospace Laboratories|NAL]]'s LCRA )<ref name=spsau10 /><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-plans-to-develop-solar-powered-uavs-127956&cp&cp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008052914/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-plans-to-develop-solar-powered-uavs-127956%26cp%26cp |date=2012-10-08 }} India plans to develop solar-powered UAVs</ref> | * Rustom-1: Tactical UAV with endurance of 12 hours (based on [[National Aerospace Laboratories|NAL]]'s LCRA )<ref name=spsau10 /><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-plans-to-develop-solar-powered-uavs-127956&cp&cp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008052914/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-plans-to-develop-solar-powered-uavs-127956%26cp%26cp |date=2012-10-08 }} India plans to develop solar-powered UAVs</ref> | ||
* Rustom-H: Larger UAV with flight endurance of over 24 hours (completely different design from Rustom-1), higher range and service ceiling than Rustom-1. | * Rustom-H: Larger UAV with flight endurance of over 24 hours (completely different design from Rustom-1), higher range and service ceiling than Rustom-1. | ||
* [[TAPAS-BH-201]] (Rustom-2): An [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] based on ''Rustom-H'' model. TAPAS-BH-201 was commonly believed to be an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle([[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|UCAV]]) but at the press conference S Christopher, Director General of DRDO stated "Media reports are incorrect. Tapas is an [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] and not an [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|UCAV]]".<ref name="Tapas has no combat capabilities: DRDO"/><ref name=spsau10 /><ref name=AWRUAV/><ref name="RN20111115">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-to-soon-have-its-won-predator-drones/20111115.htm|title=India may soon have its own 'Predator drones'|date=November 15, 2011|newspaper=Rediff News|access-date=9 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307151633/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-to-soon-have-its-won-predator-drones/20111115.htm|archive-date=7 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=DN549>{{cite news|title=ADE Finalizes Rustom-2 UAV Flight, Reveals Future Drone Projects for Defence|url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/549/ade-finalizes-rustom-2-uav-flight-reveals-future-drone-projects-for-defence.html|access-date=9 March 2012|newspaper=Defence Now|date=February 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620184142/http://www.defencenow.com/news/549/ade-finalizes-rustom-2-uav-flight-reveals-future-drone-projects-for-defence.html|archive-date=20 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Indian Defence|title= | * [[TAPAS-BH-201]] (Rustom-2): An [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] based on ''Rustom-H'' model. TAPAS-BH-201 was commonly believed to be an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle([[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|UCAV]]) but at the press conference S Christopher, Director General of DRDO stated "Media reports are incorrect. Tapas is an [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] and not an [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|UCAV]]".<ref name="Tapas has no combat capabilities: DRDO"/><ref name=spsau10 /><ref name=AWRUAV/><ref name="RN20111115">{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-to-soon-have-its-won-predator-drones/20111115.htm|title=India may soon have its own 'Predator drones'|date=November 15, 2011|newspaper=Rediff News|access-date=9 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307151633/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-to-soon-have-its-won-predator-drones/20111115.htm|archive-date=7 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=DN549>{{cite news|title=ADE Finalizes Rustom-2 UAV Flight, Reveals Future Drone Projects for Defence|url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/549/ade-finalizes-rustom-2-uav-flight-reveals-future-drone-projects-for-defence.html|access-date=9 March 2012|newspaper=Defence Now|date=February 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620184142/http://www.defencenow.com/news/549/ade-finalizes-rustom-2-uav-flight-reveals-future-drone-projects-for-defence.html|archive-date=20 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Indian Defence|title=DRDO's Rustom-2 drone takes-off, India goes for armed Heron|url=https://www.theindianhawk.com/2020/10/drdo-s-rustom-2-drone-flight-tested-india-goes-for-armed-heron-uavs.html|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Defence News, Indian Defence News, IDRW, Indian Armed Forces}}</ref> | ||
==Current status== | ==Current status== | ||
[[File:Rustom | [[File:Rustom-1 during flight trails.jpg|thumb|Rustom-1 during flight trails]] | ||
The [[Indian government]] has allowed the development of the Rustom MALE UAV project in association with a production agency cum development partner (PADP). The ADE officials indicated that the requests for proposals (RFP) would shortly be issued to four vendors which are the [[Tata Power SED|Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division]], [[Larsen & Toubro|Larsen & Toubro Limited]], [[Godrej & Boyce|Godrej Aerospace Limited]] and [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]-[[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (joint bid) who were chosen out of the 23 firms that responded. | The [[Indian government]] has allowed the development of the Rustom MALE UAV project in association with a production agency cum development partner (PADP). The ADE officials indicated that the requests for proposals (RFP) would shortly be issued to four vendors which are the [[Tata Power SED|Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division]], [[Larsen & Toubro|Larsen & Toubro Limited]], [[Godrej & Boyce|Godrej Aerospace Limited]] and [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]-[[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (joint bid) who were chosen out of the 23 firms that responded. | ||
Currently, negotiations are underway between these companies and the three [[Indian armed forces]] since the private majors are looking for support and commitment from them before they start executing any development and production plans. This is because the chosen PADP will also have a financial stake in the Rustom project. The Armed Forces would also be asked to take up a financial stake and the Indian government may have to guarantee that a specific number of Rustom UAVs will be bought. | Currently, negotiations are underway between these companies and the three [[Indian armed forces]] since the private majors are looking for support and commitment from them before they start executing any development and production plans. This is because the chosen PADP will also have a financial stake in the Rustom project. The Armed Forces would also be asked to take up a financial stake and the Indian government may have to guarantee that a specific number of Rustom UAVs will be bought. | ||
On 09 Nov 21 the project achieved the rare distinction of indigenously developing Automatic Take off and Landing (ATOL) using GAGAN SBAS. <ref name="indiadefenceonline1"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article43328.ece |title=Significant step toward indigenous UAV |access-date=2013-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829023521/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article43328.ece |archive-date=2012-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> | On 09 Nov 21 the project achieved the rare distinction of indigenously developing Automatic Take off and Landing (ATOL) using GAGAN SBAS. On 09 Mar 22 the programme achieved a double digit Endurance clocking 10:20hr surpassing the previous time of 08:05hr which was achieved in 2020.<ref name="indiadefenceonline1"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article43328.ece |title=Significant step toward indigenous UAV |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829023521/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article43328.ece |archive-date=2012-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
===Rustom-1=== | ===Rustom-1=== | ||
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===TAPAS-BH-201=== | ===TAPAS-BH-201=== | ||
{{Main Article|TAPAS-BH-201}} | {{Main Article|TAPAS-BH-201}} | ||
DRDO carried out a successful test flight of TAPAS-BH-201 on 25 February 2018, at the Aeronautical Test Range (ATR) located in [[Challakere|Chalakere]], [[Chitradurga district]]. This was the first flight of the UAV in user configuration with higher power engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176782|title=DRDO Successfully Test Flight Rustom 2|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032731/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176782|archive-date=2018-02-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-02-25|title=DRDO successfully carries out test flight of indigenous Rustom-2 drone|language=en-US|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-successfully-carries-out-test-flight-of-indigenous-rustom-2-drone-5077545/|url-status=live|access-date=2018-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225133108/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-successfully-carries-out-test-flight-of-indigenous-rustom-2-drone-5077545/|archive-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> | DRDO carried out a successful test flight of TAPAS-BH-201 on 25 February 2018, at the Aeronautical Test Range (ATR) located in [[Challakere|Chalakere]], [[Chitradurga district]]. This was the first flight of the UAV in user configuration with higher power engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176782|title=DRDO Successfully Test Flight Rustom 2|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032731/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=176782|archive-date=2018-02-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2018-02-25|title=DRDO successfully carries out test flight of indigenous Rustom-2 drone|language=en-US|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-successfully-carries-out-test-flight-of-indigenous-rustom-2-drone-5077545/|url-status=live|access-date=2018-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225133108/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-successfully-carries-out-test-flight-of-indigenous-rustom-2-drone-5077545/|archive-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> | ||
During its development trials Rustom 2 crashed near Jodichikkenahalli in Karnataka's Chitradurga district on 17 September 2019. No one was hurt. The UAV was being tested at Challakere Aeronautical Test Range, a DRDO outdoor testing facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/drdo-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-rustom-2-crashes-karnataka/story/379525.html|title=DRDO unmanned aerial vehicle TAPAS-BH-201 crashes in Karnataka|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=2019-09-17}}</ref> TAPAS-BH-201 completed satellite communication (SATCOM) mode trial and flew with long range electro-optical payload as of 16 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reporter Rajnath: When defence minister gave minute-by-minute news breaks on Rafale arrival|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/columns/straight-talk/2020/08/15/reporter-defence-minister-rajnath-plane-talk-rafale.html|access-date=2020-08-22|website=OnManorama|language=en}}</ref> | During its development trials Rustom 2 crashed near Jodichikkenahalli in Karnataka's Chitradurga district on 17 September 2019. No one was hurt. The UAV was being tested at Challakere Aeronautical Test Range, a DRDO outdoor testing facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/drdo-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-rustom-2-crashes-karnataka/story/379525.html|title=DRDO unmanned aerial vehicle TAPAS-BH-201 crashes in Karnataka|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=2019-09-17}}</ref> TAPAS-BH-201 completed satellite communication (SATCOM) mode trial and flew with long range electro-optical payload as of 16 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reporter Rajnath: When defence minister gave minute-by-minute news breaks on Rafale arrival|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/columns/straight-talk/2020/08/15/reporter-defence-minister-rajnath-plane-talk-rafale.html|access-date=2020-08-22|website=OnManorama|language=en}}</ref> | ||
In December 2021, Rustom- II had reached an altitude of 25,000 feet and had achieved an endurance of 10 hours. | |||
On March 12th 2022, it demonstrated its flight altitude above 27,500 feet with an endurance of 18 hours. | |||
==Specifications== | ==Specifications== | ||
Specifications of ''Rustom-1'' and ''Rustom-H'' are as follows: | Specifications of ''Rustom-1'' and ''Rustom-H'' are as follows: | ||
{{Aircraft specs | {{Aircraft specs | ||
|prime units? = met | |prime units? = met | ||
|ref= ''Defstrat.com'',<ref name=DEFSTRAT/> ''idp.justthe80.com''<ref name=idps/> and ''stargazer2006.online.fr''<ref name=Stargazer>{{cite news|title=DRDO-ADE 'Rustom-I' and 'Rustom-H'|url=http://stargazer2006.online.fr/derivatives/rustom.htm|access-date=9 March 2012|newspaper=Stargazer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730134046/http://stargazer2006.online.fr/derivatives/rustom.htm|archive-date=30 July | |ref= ''Defstrat.com'',<ref name=DEFSTRAT/> ''idp.justthe80.com''<ref name=idps/> and ''stargazer2006.online.fr''<ref name=Stargazer>{{cite news|title=DRDO-ADE 'Rustom-I' and 'Rustom-H'|url=http://stargazer2006.online.fr/derivatives/rustom.htm|access-date=9 March 2012|newspaper=Stargazer|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730134046/http://stargazer2006.online.fr/derivatives/rustom.htm|archive-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
|crew= | |crew= | ||
|capacity= {{cvt|95|kg|lb}} for Rustom-1 and {{convert|350|kg|abbr=on}} for Rustom-H | |capacity= {{cvt|95|kg|lb}} for Rustom-1 and {{convert|350|kg|abbr=on}} for Rustom-H | ||
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|eng1 note= for Rustom-I | |eng1 note= for Rustom-I | ||
|eng2 type= wing-mounted turboprop | |eng2 type= wing-mounted turboprop | ||
|eng2 name=[[NPO Saturn|NPO-Saturn]] 36MT engines<ref name=AWUAV>{{cite news |title=India Now Wants Hundreds Of UAVs |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/dti/2011/05/01/DT_05_01_2011_p19-313799.xml |access-date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Aviation Week |date=May 20, | |eng2 name=[[NPO Saturn|NPO-Saturn]] 36MT engines<ref name=AWUAV>{{cite news |title=India Now Wants Hundreds Of UAVs |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/dti/2011/05/01/DT_05_01_2011_p19-313799.xml |access-date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Aviation Week |date=May 20, 2022}}</ref> | ||
|eng1 type= | |eng1 type= | ||
|eng1 name=[[Lycoming O-320]] engines Four-cylinder air-cooled horizontally opposed engine, <ref name=RUVSA>{{cite news |title=Aero India: the DRDO displayed the Rustom-1 MALE UAV |url=http://en.ruvsa.com/news/development/aero_india_the_drdo_displayed_the_rustom_a_male_uav/ |access-date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Russian Unmanned Vehicle Systems Association |date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122063724/http://en.ruvsa.com/news/development/aero_india_the_drdo_displayed_the_rustom_a_male_uav/ |archive-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> | |eng1 name=[[Lycoming O-320]] engines Four-cylinder air-cooled horizontally opposed engine, <ref name=RUVSA>{{cite news |title=Aero India: the DRDO displayed the Rustom-1 MALE UAV |url=http://en.ruvsa.com/news/development/aero_india_the_drdo_displayed_the_rustom_a_male_uav/ |access-date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Russian Unmanned Vehicle Systems Association |date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122063724/http://en.ruvsa.com/news/development/aero_india_the_drdo_displayed_the_rustom_a_male_uav/ |archive-date=22 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||