16,952
edits
m
clean up
imported>Tayi Arajakate (fix) |
CleanupBot (talk | contribs) m (clean up) |
||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
Prannoy Roy was born in [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]] on 15 October 1949, to P. L. "Hurricane" Roy, a Bengali executive at a multinational corporation in the city.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|date=2004-04-19|title=Smart People|work=[[Business Standard]]|publication-date=6 February 2013|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/smart-people-104041901078_1.html|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> His paternal grandfather was [[Paresh Lal Roy]], a traffic superintendent and an amateur boxer, known as the "father of Indian boxing" for having popularised the sport in the country. Paresh Lal gave his grandson Prannoy the nickname of "Tempest" when he was a child.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=1 December 2015|title=The Tempest|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/the-tempest-prannoy-radhika-roy-ndtv|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=[[The Caravan]]|page=2|language=en}}</ref> | Prannoy Roy was born in [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]] on 15 October 1949, to P. L. "Hurricane" Roy, a Bengali executive at a multinational corporation in the city.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|date=2004-04-19|title=Smart People|work=[[Business Standard]]|publication-date=6 February 2013|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/smart-people-104041901078_1.html|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> His paternal grandfather was [[Paresh Lal Roy]], a traffic superintendent and an amateur boxer, known as the "father of Indian boxing" for having popularised the sport in the country. Paresh Lal gave his grandson Prannoy the nickname of "Tempest" when he was a child.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=1 December 2015|title=The Tempest|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/the-tempest-prannoy-radhika-roy-ndtv|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=[[The Caravan]]|page=2|language=en}}</ref> | ||
Roy was sent to [[The Doon School]], a boy's boarding school in Dehradun, [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He was at the boarding school during his teenage years when he met [[Radhika Das]], whom he would later marry.<ref name=":1" /> Radhika, the daughter of a Bengali engineer<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Ritwik|date=2018-03-31|title=Vanity Addresses|url=https://mydigitalfc.com/fc-weekend/vanity-addresses|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-24|website=[[Financial Chronicle]]}}</ref> was also from the city of Calcutta and was sent to the [[Welham Girls' School]], another boarding school in Dehradun. <ref name=":1" /> | Roy was sent to [[The Doon School]], a boy's boarding school in Dehradun, [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He was at the boarding school during his teenage years when he met [[Radhika Das]], whom he would later marry.<ref name=":1" /> Radhika, the daughter of a Bengali engineer<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Ritwik|date=2018-03-31|title=Vanity Addresses|url=https://mydigitalfc.com/fc-weekend/vanity-addresses|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-24|website=[[Financial Chronicle]]}}</ref> was also from the city of Calcutta and was sent to the [[Welham Girls' School]], another boarding school in Dehradun.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
Prannoy and Radhika moved to London, United Kingdom for their higher education.<ref name=":1" /> Prannoy had received a [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College]] scholarship to acquire the [[A-Level#India|A-level]] higher secondary certificate.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|year=2019|title=The Roy family|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/the-roy-family/|url-status=live|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> Following his schooling, he enrolled at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] and graduated in 1973 with first class honours in economics.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Dr. Prannoy Roy|work=[[BBC World]]|url=http://www.bbcworld.com/content/template_clickpage.asp?pageid=156|access-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028015407/http://www.bbcworld.com/content/template_clickpage.asp?pageid=156|archive-date=28 October 2006}}</ref> He then became a certified [[chartered accountant]] and a fellow of the [[Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales]] in 1975.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /> Prannoy and Radhika also got married in London and then returned to India, settling down in Delhi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Forbes08Sep06_" /> | Prannoy and Radhika moved to London, United Kingdom for their higher education.<ref name=":1" /> Prannoy had received a [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College]] scholarship to acquire the [[A-Level#India|A-level]] higher secondary certificate.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|year=2019|title=The Roy family|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/the-roy-family/|url-status=live|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> Following his schooling, he enrolled at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] and graduated in 1973 with first class honours in economics.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Dr. Prannoy Roy|work=[[BBC World]]|url=http://www.bbcworld.com/content/template_clickpage.asp?pageid=156|access-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028015407/http://www.bbcworld.com/content/template_clickpage.asp?pageid=156|archive-date=28 October 2006}}</ref> He then became a certified [[chartered accountant]] and a fellow of the [[Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales]] in 1975.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /> Prannoy and Radhika also got married in London and then returned to India, settling down in Delhi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Forbes08Sep06_" /> | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
Prannoy Roy in the meantime worked as an [[associate professor]] for an year in 1985 at the Delhi School of Economics. In 1986–1987 he was hired in a team of economists to build a [[macro-econometric]] model of India for the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], the model is the largest of its kind.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /> Doordarshan eventually contracted NDTV to cover the general election results and budget session specials.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_" /> The first televised coverage of an election result in India was produced by NDTV for the [[1989 Indian general election]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> Roy began his career as a television journalist by covering the general election for Doordarshan. Following which, he also began appearing as a [[news presenter]] in ''The World This Week'' programme.<ref name=":5" /> Both the election results coverage and the international news show were widely successful.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_" /> According to Roy, it was not difficult to appear good in comparison to Doordarshan which he described as more radio than television and that the time period was the most "newsiest" in television history.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2013|editor-last=Painter|editor-first=James|title=India's Media Boom: The Good News and the Bad|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/India%E2%80%99s%20Media%20Boom%20the%20good%20news%20and%20the%20bad.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|pages=1–19}}</ref> | Prannoy Roy in the meantime worked as an [[associate professor]] for an year in 1985 at the Delhi School of Economics. In 1986–1987 he was hired in a team of economists to build a [[macro-econometric]] model of India for the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], the model is the largest of its kind.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /> Doordarshan eventually contracted NDTV to cover the general election results and budget session specials.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_" /> The first televised coverage of an election result in India was produced by NDTV for the [[1989 Indian general election]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> Roy began his career as a television journalist by covering the general election for Doordarshan. Following which, he also began appearing as a [[news presenter]] in ''The World This Week'' programme.<ref name=":5" /> Both the election results coverage and the international news show were widely successful.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_" /> According to Roy, it was not difficult to appear good in comparison to Doordarshan which he described as more radio than television and that the time period was the most "newsiest" in television history.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2013|editor-last=Painter|editor-first=James|title=India's Media Boom: The Good News and the Bad|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/India%E2%80%99s%20Media%20Boom%20the%20good%20news%20and%20the%20bad.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|pages=1–19}}</ref> | ||
NDTV requested for and received a contract from Doordarshan to produce a daily news bulletin on domestic affairs called ''The News Tonight'' on its second channel in 1995.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="ChannelingCultures160_">{{Cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Biswarup|title=Channeling Cultures: Television Studies from India|last2=Roy|first2=Abhijit|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-809205-6|pages=160–165|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The Roys who were the promoters of the company sought and acquired investments from several Indian businesses for the company in order to produce the show,<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_" /> among its investors was the multinational [[Tata Group]].<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_">{{Cite news|last=Karmali|first=Naazneen|date=8 September 2006|title=News Delhi TV|language=en|work=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/034.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211071033if_/https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/034.html?sh=4e73284a44d0|archive-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> Later, the company also received contracts to produce shows such as ''The News Hour'' and ''Good Morning India'' for Doordarshan.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia31_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=31–32|language=en}}</ref> Prannoy Roy was the news presenter for the NDTV bulletins and became the face of the NDTV brand in the process.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bajpai|first=Shailaja|date=24 July 2016|title=The World Came Home: The history of television in India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-world-came-home-2932048/|access-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> His wife, Radhika Roy kept a low profile in comparison, being more invested in the editorial and production processes of the company.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 December 2007|title=Power Women|language=en|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/power-women/255634/}}</ref | NDTV requested for and received a contract from Doordarshan to produce a daily news bulletin on domestic affairs called ''The News Tonight'' on its second channel in 1995.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="ChannelingCultures160_">{{Cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Biswarup|title=Channeling Cultures: Television Studies from India|last2=Roy|first2=Abhijit|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-809205-6|pages=160–165|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The Roys who were the promoters of the company sought and acquired investments from several Indian businesses for the company in order to produce the show,<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_" /> among its investors was the multinational [[Tata Group]].<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_">{{Cite news|last=Karmali|first=Naazneen|date=8 September 2006|title=News Delhi TV|language=en|work=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/034.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211071033if_/https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/034.html?sh=4e73284a44d0|archive-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> Later, the company also received contracts to produce shows such as ''The News Hour'' and ''Good Morning India'' for Doordarshan.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia31_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=31–32|language=en}}</ref> Prannoy Roy was the news presenter for the NDTV bulletins and became the face of the NDTV brand in the process.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bajpai|first=Shailaja|date=24 July 2016|title=The World Came Home: The history of television in India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-world-came-home-2932048/|access-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> His wife, Radhika Roy kept a low profile in comparison, being more invested in the editorial and production processes of the company.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 December 2007|title=Power Women|language=en|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/power-women/255634/}}</ref> | ||
In 1998, NDTV entered into a 5 year exclusive partnership with [[Star India]] to launch the country's first independent 24x7 news channel.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia48_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=48–50|language=en}}</ref> In the previous year, the incumbent director general of Doordarshan had also quit the public broadcaster and jointed it's multinational rival, the Star network. These developments created animosity in the government and a parliamentary committee was set up to scrutinise the activities of the former director general which alleged that there were "irregularities" in the contracts with NDTV.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) filed a number of cases against former officials of the public broadcaster including the director general and against Prannoy Roy who was the managing director of NDTV.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 1998|title=CBI case against Prannoy Roy|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980120/02051164.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416181338/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980120/02051164.html|archive-date=16 April 2010|access-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1998-01-20|title=CBI case against Prannoy Roy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/cbi-case-against-prannoy-roy/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> The cases went on for several years in the form of a protracted conflict,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> until a court judgement in 2013 which acquitted all the accused of the charges, stating that there was no evidence of any wrongdoing.<ref name=":1" /> | In 1998, NDTV entered into a 5 year exclusive partnership with [[Star India]] to launch the country's first independent 24x7 news channel.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia48_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=48–50|language=en}}</ref> In the previous year, the incumbent director general of Doordarshan had also quit the public broadcaster and jointed it's multinational rival, the Star network. These developments created animosity in the government and a parliamentary committee was set up to scrutinise the activities of the former director general which alleged that there were "irregularities" in the contracts with NDTV.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> The [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) filed a number of cases against former officials of the public broadcaster including the director general and against Prannoy Roy who was the managing director of NDTV.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 1998|title=CBI case against Prannoy Roy|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980120/02051164.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416181338/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980120/02051164.html|archive-date=16 April 2010|access-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1998-01-20|title=CBI case against Prannoy Roy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/cbi-case-against-prannoy-roy/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> The cases went on for several years in the form of a protracted conflict,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> until a court judgement in 2013 which acquitted all the accused of the charges, stating that there was no evidence of any wrongdoing.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
Radhika Roy who was the chairperson of the company became the managing director in 1998 and Prannoy Roy who was the managing director became the chairman.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|date=27 September 2012|title=Notice|url=https://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/images/NDTV12pagesnotice-proxy.pdf|url-status=live|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref | Radhika Roy who was the chairperson of the company became the managing director in 1998 and Prannoy Roy who was the managing director became the chairman.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite web|date=27 September 2012|title=Notice|url=https://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/images/NDTV12pagesnotice-proxy.pdf|url-status=live|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> The partnership with Star India came to an end in 2003.<ref name="Paterson2004-114_">{{Cite book|last1=Paterson|first1=Chris A.|title=International News in the 21st Century|last2=Sreberny|first2=Annabelle|date=2004|publisher=[[University of Luton Press]]|isbn=978-1-86020-596-5|pages=114–117|language=en}}</ref> NDTV became an independent news broadcaster in the same year with the launch of two news channels [[NDTV 24x7]] and [[NDTV India]].<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> The company went public in May 2004 and by the end of the year had the highest [[market capitalisation]] among media companies.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shirsat|first=B. G.|last2=Krishnakumar|first2=Aparna|date=2005-08-13|title=Media industry valuations hit the roof|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/media-industry-valuations-hit-the-roof-105081301005_1.html|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> Roy along with his wife were designated as the executive co-chairpersons of NDTV after 2011.<ref name=":22" /> | ||
NDTV started facing government pressure through litigations and intimidation of advertisers on the network after [[Narendra Modi]] became the Prime Minister in 2014. The pressure was noted to be a part of diminishing [[media freedom]] in the country with similar tactics used against uncooperative news publications.<ref name="NewYorkTimes02Apr20_">{{Cite news|last1=Goel|first1=Vindu|last2=Gettleman|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Khandelwal|first3=Saumya|date=2 April 2020|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The news network of NDTV had reported critically about state involvement in the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] where over a 1,000 people were killed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Subramanian|first=N. Sundaresha|date=2017-06-13|title=NDTV raid: Of Prannoy Roy, freedom of the press and the business of media|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ndtv-raid-of-prannoy-roy-freedom-of-the-press-and-the-business-of-media-117061200794_1.html|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> The government attempted to ban the Hindi news channel [[NDTV India]] in 2016 and retracted following backlash including cross media protests from journalists.<ref name="DeutscheWelle07Nov16_">{{Cite news|last=Krishnan|first=Murali|date=7 November 2016|title='Ridiculous and arbitrary' – Indian journalists slam NDTV ban|language=en-GB|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ridiculous-and-arbitrary-indian-journalists-slam-ndtv-ban/a-36293627|access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Venu|first=M. K.|date=8 November 2016|title=The Creeping Erosion of Free Expression|url=https://thewire.in/politics/creeping-erosion-free-expression|access-date=18 December 2020|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> In 2017, the residence of the Roys at [[Greater Kailash]], Delhi were raided by the CBI,<ref name=":0" /> after a NDTV journalist had questioned statements made by a ruling party spokesperson.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 June 2017|title=Falling in line: India's raucous democracy is becoming more subdued|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2017/06/24/indias-raucous-democracy-is-becoming-more-subdued|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|title=Business and Politics in India|last2=Kohli|first2=Atul|last3=Murali|first3=Kanta|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2019|isbn=978-0-19-091246-8|pages=186|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The Editor's Guild of India and journalists unions called it an attack on press freedom.<ref name=":0" /> | NDTV started facing government pressure through litigations and intimidation of advertisers on the network after [[Narendra Modi]] became the Prime Minister in 2014. The pressure was noted to be a part of diminishing [[media freedom]] in the country with similar tactics used against uncooperative news publications.<ref name="NewYorkTimes02Apr20_">{{Cite news|last1=Goel|first1=Vindu|last2=Gettleman|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Khandelwal|first3=Saumya|date=2 April 2020|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The news network of NDTV had reported critically about state involvement in the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] where over a 1,000 people were killed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Subramanian|first=N. Sundaresha|date=2017-06-13|title=NDTV raid: Of Prannoy Roy, freedom of the press and the business of media|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ndtv-raid-of-prannoy-roy-freedom-of-the-press-and-the-business-of-media-117061200794_1.html|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> The government attempted to ban the Hindi news channel [[NDTV India]] in 2016 and retracted following backlash including cross media protests from journalists.<ref name="DeutscheWelle07Nov16_">{{Cite news|last=Krishnan|first=Murali|date=7 November 2016|title='Ridiculous and arbitrary' – Indian journalists slam NDTV ban|language=en-GB|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ridiculous-and-arbitrary-indian-journalists-slam-ndtv-ban/a-36293627|access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Venu|first=M. K.|date=8 November 2016|title=The Creeping Erosion of Free Expression|url=https://thewire.in/politics/creeping-erosion-free-expression|access-date=18 December 2020|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> In 2017, the residence of the Roys at [[Greater Kailash]], Delhi were raided by the CBI,<ref name=":0" /> after a NDTV journalist had questioned statements made by a ruling party spokesperson.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 June 2017|title=Falling in line: India's raucous democracy is becoming more subdued|work=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2017/06/24/indias-raucous-democracy-is-becoming-more-subdued|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|title=Business and Politics in India|last2=Kohli|first2=Atul|last3=Murali|first3=Kanta|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2019|isbn=978-0-19-091246-8|pages=186|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The Editor's Guild of India and journalists unions called it an attack on press freedom.<ref name=":0" /> | ||