Koyilandy: Difference between revisions

'''Koyilandy''', {{IPA-ml|kojilɐːɳɖi|IPA}}, formerly known in English as '''Quilandy''', [[Malayalam]] as '''Pandalayani Kollam''', [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as '''Fundriya''', and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] as '''Pandarani''',<ref name="Charles" /><ref name="Malabar"/><ref name=":0"/> is a [[Nagar Palika|municipality]] in the [[Tehsil|taluk]] of the same name in [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]] on the [[Malabar Coast]]. The historical town is located right in the middle of the coast of [[Kozhikode district]], between [[Kozhikode|Kozhikode (Calicut)]] and [[Vatakara|Vadakara (Badagara)]], on [[National Highway 17 (India)|National Highway 66]]. Koyilandy is the 2nd most cleanest town of South India. Koyilandy harbour is the largest fishing harbour in [[Kerala|Asia]]. The northern part of Pulimuttu is 1600 m long and the southern part is 915 m long. The picturesque [[Kappad beach]] lies near Koyilandy. India's first mangrove museum is situated in Koyilandy. Koyilandy is well connected to major towns like [[Kozhikode]], [[Vatakara]], [[Thamarassery]], [[Balussery]] & [[Perambra]]. Koyilandy has the only [[Ports in Kerala|port]] between [[Kozhikode]] and [[Thalassery]]. Located on the northwestern bank of the river [[Korapuzha]], which was considered as the traditional boundary between the erstwhile regions of [[North Malabar]] and [[South Malabar]], Koyilandy is also one of the oldest ports in [[South India]].

  | title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press |page= 464-465

Koyilandy, formerly known as Panthalayani Kollam, is one of the oldest ports in [[South India]] and is often identified with the port of [[Tyndis]] by some of the historians, which was a satellite feeding port to [[Muziris]], according to the [[Periplus]] of the [[Erythraean Sea]].<ref name="Malabar"/> Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="Malabar"/> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was  prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </ref> The medieval [[Morocco|Moroccan]] traveller [[Ibn Battuta]] describes Pandalayani Kollam as "A beautiful and large place, abounding with gardens and markets".<ref name="Charles"/>

In February-March 1525, A Portuguese navy led by new Viceroy [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Henry Menezes]] raided [[Ponnani]] and Koyilandy, and burned both of the towns.<ref name="Logan"/> Koyilandy was defended by a combined army of 20,000 [[Nair]]s and [[Muslim]]s.<ref name="Logan"/> On reaching [[Calicut]], he earlier found that the place had been attacked by the Calicut forces.<ref name="Logan"/> The [[Nair]]s of the chief of [[Kurumbranad]] and [[Calicut]] forces invested Fort Calicut (Siege of Calicut).<ref name="Logan"/><ref name="Kurup3">K. K. N. Kurup, ed., ''India's Naval Traditions''. Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1997</ref> They were helped by a band of [[Muslim]]s under the command of a European engineer.<ref name="Kurup3"/> The Kutti Ali's ([[Kunjali Marakkar]]) ships blockaded the port. Captain Lima, with 300 men, defended the fort.<ref name="Kurup3"/> In 1550, the Portuguese made descents on the coastal towns of [[Calicut]], particularly on Koyilandy, destroying mosques and houses, and killing one-third of the inhabitants.<ref name="Logan"/> According to historian M. G. Raghava Varier, at the peak of their reign, the [[Zamorin]] of [[Calicut]] ruled over a region from [[Kollam]] in south to Koyilandy in north.<ref name="Varier">Varier, M. R. Raghava. "Documents of Investiture Ceremonies" in K. K. N. Kurup, Edit., "India's Naval Traditions". Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1997</ref><ref name="SanjaySubrahmanyam2">Sanjay Subrahmanyam. "The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650". Cambridge University Press, 2002</ref><ref name="VVHaridas">V. V., Haridas. ''"King court and culture in medieval Kerala – The Zamorins of Calicut (AD 1200 to AD 1767)"''. [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/131929] Unpublished PhD Thesis. Mangalore University</ref>

*Payyoli to Pallikkara -3.3 km (2.1 mi)