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'''Muhammad''' ({{Circa|570}} – 8 June 632) was | '''Muhammad''' ({{Circa|570}} – 8 June 632) was an Arab religious, political and social leader. He founded the religion of [[Islam]] and his followers are called [[Muslims]].<ref name="OEIW">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the prophet of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|archivedate=11 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Muhammad {{!}} Biography|language=en|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad|accessdate=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref name="Goldman">Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives June 8, 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant#Conquest of Palestine|invasion of Palestine]]. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,''The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,'' page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.</ref> | ||
Born in [[Mecca]], Muhammad's parents died in his childhood and he grew as an orphan. At the age of six, his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took care of him, though he died just two years later. In young life, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on [[trade]] trips. In 610 AD, at the age of forty, while Muhammad was praying, he reportedly met [[Gabriel]] and received the first revelation of the Quran. At first, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family. He started preaching [[monotheism]] publicly where he received opposition from the [[Mecca|Meccan]] [[Polytheism|polytheists]]. The polytheists boycotted Muhammad for three years, in which Muhammad could barely eat or drink. He was attacked with stones, ridiculed while praying, and eventually forced to leave his hometown of Mecca. | Born in [[Mecca]], Muhammad's parents died in his childhood and he grew as an orphan. At the age of six, his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took care of him, though he died just two years later. In young life, Muhammad accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on [[trade]] trips. In 610 AD, at the age of forty, while Muhammad was praying, he reportedly met [[Gabriel]] and received the first revelation of the Quran. At first, Muhammad preached these revelations to his close friends and family. He started preaching [[monotheism]] publicly where he received opposition from the [[Mecca|Meccan]] [[Polytheism|polytheists]]. The polytheists boycotted Muhammad for three years, in which Muhammad could barely eat or drink. He was attacked with stones, ridiculed while praying, and eventually forced to leave his hometown of Mecca. | ||
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