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INS Vikrant (2013): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Indian Navy aircraft carrier}} | ||
{{other ships|INS Vikrant ( | {{other ships|INS Vikrant (1961)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox ship image | {{Infobox ship image | ||
| Ship image = IAC1 Vikrant during sea | | Ship image = IAC1 Vikrant with INS Kolkata (D63) during sea trial (cropped).jpg | ||
| Ship caption = ''Vikrant'' during her sea trials | | Ship caption = ''Vikrant'' with {{INS|Kolkata|D63|2}} during her sea trials | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox ship career | {{Infobox ship career | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| Ship country = India | | Ship country = India | ||
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}} | | Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}} | ||
| Ship name = | | Ship name = ''Vikrant'' | ||
| Ship namesake = {{INS|Vikrant|R11}} | | Ship namesake = {{INS|Vikrant|R11|3}} | ||
| Ship operator = [[Indian Navy]] | | Ship operator = [[Indian Navy]] | ||
| Ship ordered = 2004 | | Ship ordered = 2004 | ||
| Ship awarded = | | Ship awarded = | ||
| Ship builder = [[Cochin Shipyard Limited]] | | Ship builder = [[Cochin Shipyard Limited]] | ||
| Ship original cost = $0.5 billion (planned), $3.13 billion as of Jan 2020<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Adreesh |title=Defence Secretary Ajay Kumar Reviews The Progress of India's Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, Basin Trials To Commence Soon |url=http://delhidefencereview.com/2020/01/22/iac-1-progress-update/ |website=Delhi Defence Review |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> | | Ship original cost = $0.5 billion (planned), $3.13 billion as of Jan 2020<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Adreesh |title=Defence Secretary Ajay Kumar Reviews The Progress of India's Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, Basin Trials To Commence Soon |url=http://delhidefencereview.com/2020/01/22/iac-1-progress-update/ |website=Delhi Defence Review |date=22 January 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> | ||
| Ship yard number = | | Ship yard number = | ||
| Ship way number = | | Ship way number = | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
| Ship christened = | | Ship christened = | ||
| Ship completed = | | Ship completed = | ||
| Ship acquired = | | Ship acquired = 28 July 2022 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cochin-shipyard-delivers-countrys-first-indigenously-made-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-to-navy-8056637/ | title=Indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant handed over to Indian Navy | date=29 July 2022 }}</ref> | ||
| Ship commissioned = 2 September 2022 | |||
| Ship recommissioned = | | Ship recommissioned = | ||
| Ship decommissioned = | | Ship decommissioned = | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
| Ship homeport = | | Ship homeport = | ||
| Ship identification = | | Ship identification = | ||
| Ship motto = [[Sanskrit]] जयेम सं युधिस्पृध: | | Ship motto = [[Sanskrit]] जयेम सं युधिस्पृध: ({{translation|I defeat those who fight against me}}) | ||
| Ship nickname = | | Ship nickname = | ||
| Ship honours = | | Ship honours = | ||
| Ship captured = | | Ship captured = | ||
| Ship fate = | | Ship fate = | ||
| Ship status = | | Ship status = in active service<ref name="delivery_IAC"/><ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web|title=Aircraft carrier Vikrant completes third sea trials, returns to Kochi harbour|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jan/17/aircraft-carrier-vikrant-completes-third-sea-trials-returns-to-kochi-harbour-2407857.amp|access-date=2022-01-17|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> | ||
| Ship notes = | | Ship notes = | ||
| Ship badge = [[File:INS Vikrant crest.jpg|125px]] | | Ship badge = [[File:INS Vikrant crest.jpg|125px]] | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
| Ship ramps = | | Ship ramps = | ||
| Ship power = *4{{nbsp}}×{{nbsp}}[[General Electric LM2500+]] [[gas turbine]] | | Ship power = *4{{nbsp}}×{{nbsp}}[[General Electric LM2500+]] [[gas turbine]] | ||
*2 × [[Elecon Engineering|Elecon]] [[Combined gas and gas|COGAG]] gearbox | *2 × [[Elecon Engineering|Elecon]] [[Combined gas and gas|COGAG]] gearbox<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Navy gets most critical, made in India, CM system for its indigenous Aircraft Carrier |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-navy-gets-most-critical-made-in-india-cm-system-for-its-indigenous-aircraft-carrier/1532128/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000403/https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-navy-gets-most-critical-made-in-india-cm-system-for-its-indigenous-aircraft-carrier/1532128/ |archive-date=2020-11-08 |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Ship propulsion = Two shafts | | Ship propulsion = Two shafts | ||
| Ship speed = {{convert|30|kn}}<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-06-25|title=Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, to be named INS Vikrant, is biggest ship made in India|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-named-ins-vikrant-is-biggest-ship-made-in-india/article34970142.ece|access-date=2021-07-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | | Ship speed = {{convert|30|kn}}<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-06-25|title=Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, to be named INS Vikrant, is biggest ship made in India|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-named-ins-vikrant-is-biggest-ship-made-in-india/article34970142.ece|access-date=2021-07-10|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
| Line 79: | Line 79: | ||
| Ship time to activate = | | Ship time to activate = | ||
| Ship sensors = *Elta [[EL/M-2248 MF-STAR]] [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] multifunction radar. | | Ship sensors = *Elta [[EL/M-2248 MF-STAR]] [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] multifunction radar. | ||
*[[Selex ES|Selex]] [[Selex RAN-40L|RAN-40L]] 3D [[L-Band]] Air Surveillance Radar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cochinshipyard.com/uploads/anualreport/973b9f482337cbdec7c3c7761a973555.pdf|title=Annual Report | *[[Selex ES|Selex]] [[Selex RAN-40L|RAN-40L]] 3D [[L-Band]] Air Surveillance Radar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cochinshipyard.com/uploads/anualreport/973b9f482337cbdec7c3c7761a973555.pdf|title=Annual Report 2019–20|publisher=Cochin Shipyard Ltd|access-date=25 September 2020}}</ref> | ||
| Ship EW = [[DRDO]] Shakti EW suite<ref name="The Hindu" /> | | Ship EW = [[DRDO]] Shakti EW suite<ref name="The Hindu" /> | ||
| Ship armament = * | | Ship armament = *32 cell [[Vertical launching system|VLS]] [[Barak 8]] SAM (''Range'' : {{convert|0.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} | ||
* 4 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm|Otobreda {{convert|76|mm|in|0|adj=on|abbr=on}}]] dual purpose cannons | *4 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm|Otobreda {{convert|76|mm|in|0|adj=on|abbr=on}}]] dual purpose cannons | ||
* 4 × [[AK-630]] [[Close-in weapon system|CIWS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Aircraft Carriers Under Construction: 2013 |url=http://world-defece-review.blogspot.com/2013/02/list-of-aircraft-carriers-under.html#ixzz2nvBh8WNd |publisher=World Defense Review |access-date=17 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519090716/http://world-defece-review.blogspot.com/2013/02/list-of-aircraft-carriers-under.html#ixzz2nvBh8WNd |archive-date=19 May 2015}}</ref> | *4 × [[AK-630]] [[Close-in weapon system|CIWS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Aircraft Carriers Under Construction: 2013 |url=http://world-defece-review.blogspot.com/2013/02/list-of-aircraft-carriers-under.html#ixzz2nvBh8WNd |publisher=World Defense Review |access-date=17 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519090716/http://world-defece-review.blogspot.com/2013/02/list-of-aircraft-carriers-under.html#ixzz2nvBh8WNd |archive-date=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="YouTube_6CXLp926P20">{{YouTube |6CXLp926P20 |Navy to go for VISHAL {{!}} Vikrant's Lift 10x14m}}</ref> | ||
| Ship aircraft = 30 Aircrafts<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ins-vikrant-india-s-1st-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-commissioned-today-101662087518857.html|title=PM Modi commissions INS Vikrant, nation's first made-in-India aircraft carrier|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Indian Navy Ship Vikrant''' (<small>pronounced: [[Help:IPA/Hindi|vikrɑːnt̪]]</small>)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/indias-first-homegrown-aircraft-carrier-to-enter-sea-trials-in-early-2020/|title=India's First Homegrown Aircraft Carrier to Enter Sea Trials in Early 2020|last=Gady|first=Franz-Stefan|website=The Diplomat|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref> is an [[aircraft carrier]] constructed by the [[Cochin Shipyard Limited]] (CSL) for the [[Indian Navy]]. It is the first [[aircraft carrier]] to be built in India. It is named 'Vikrant' as a tribute to India's first (1961) aircraft carrier, [[INS Vikrant (1961)|''Vikrant'' (R11)]]. The name ''Vikrant'' means "courageous" in [[Sanskrit]].<ref name="unveils">{{cite news|title=India unveils home-built aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/12/world/asia/india-aircraft-carrier/index.html|first=Harmeet|last=Singh|date=12 August 2013|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=18 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517035330/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/12/world/asia/india-aircraft-carrier/index.html|archive-date=17 May 2015}}</ref> The motto of the ship, ''"Jayema Saṁ Yudhi Spr̥dhaḥ"'', means "I defeat those who fight against me". | |||
Up to 26 [[MiG-29K]]<ref>{{cite web |title=India to buy 26 fighters for INS Vikrant on G-2-G basis |date=30 May 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-buy-26-fighters-for-ins-vikrant-on-g-2-g-basis-101653881468920.html |publisher=Hindustan times |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> fighter jets, 4 [[Kamov Ka-31]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Vivek |date=2022-05-16 |title=India halts Ka-31 helicopter deal with Russia |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2022/05/16/india-halts-ka-31-helicopter-deal-with-russia/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> helicopters, 2 [[HAL Dhruv]] [[Utility Helicopter|NUH]]<ref name = "pib">{{cite web|title=India's First Indigenous Aircraft Carrier - INS Vikrant|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=98885|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312125852/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=98885|archive-date=12 March 2016}}</ref> utility helicopters and 4 [[MH-60R]]<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Negi, Manjeet |author2=Bhalla, Abhishek |title=Indian Navy receives first two 24 MH-60R helicopters from US |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-navy-receives-first-two-mh-60r-helicopters-from-us-1829217-2021-07-17 |date= 17 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-18 |website=India Today}}</ref>multi-role helicopters <ref name="msn" /> will fly from INS ''Vikrant''. At 262 metres length, with a top speed 28 knots, and endurance of 7,500 nautical miles, the ship has a 2,300 compartment manned by 1700 seamen. It has a hospital complex, cabins for women officers, two football field-sized flight decks, eight kilometres of corridors, and eight generators capable of lighting up a city of 2 million people.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IAC Vikrant, India's first indigenously-built aircraft carrier, to be commissioned on September 2|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/iac-vikrant-india-s-first-indigenously-built-aircraft-carrier-to-be-commissioned-on-september-2/|publisher=msn|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> | |||
Work on the ship's design began in 1999, and the [[Keel laying|keel]] was laid in | Work on the ship's design began in 1999, and the [[Keel laying|keel]] was laid in 2009. The carrier was floated out of [[dry dock]] on 29 December 2011<ref name=hindu-float/> and [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 12 August 2013.<ref name="TOILaunch">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-launches-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-INS-Vikrant/articleshow/21774409.cms India launches first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820063657/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India-launches-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-INS-Vikrant/articleshow/21774409.cms |date=20 August 2016 }} Times of India 12 August 2013</ref> Basin trials were completed in December 2020,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-30|title=India's New Aircraft Carrier IAC 1 – INS Vikrant Passes Basin Trials|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/11/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-iac-1-ins-vikrant-passes-basin-trials/|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Naval News|language=en-US}}</ref> and sea trials started in August 2021.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier, to be named INS Vikrant, finally begins sea trials|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-named-ins-vikrant-finally-begins-sea-trials/articleshow/85031100.cms|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Times of India}}</ref> Her [[Ship commissioning|commissioning]] ceremony was held on 2 September 2022.<ref name="PTICommission">{{cite news|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/13670227_PM-Commissions-INS-Vikrant.html|title=PM Commissions INS Vikrant|publisher=Press Trust of India|date=2 September 2022|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> Aircraft flight trials will be completed in 2023.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="HBL">{{cite news|title = Navy's long-term plan is to have three aircraft carriers, says Navy chief Admiral Karambir Singh|url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/indian-navys-long-term-plan-is-to-have-three-aircraft-carriers-navy-chief-admiral-karambir-singh/article30147141.ece|date = 3 December 2019|access-date = 4 December 2019|newspaper = [[Business Line]]}}</ref> The total cost of the project is approximately {{INRConvert|23000|c|year=2021}} at the time of first sea trials.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant sets off for sea trials from Kochi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/aug/04/indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-sets-off-for-sea-trials-from-kochi-2340044.html |date=4 August 2021|access-date=4 August 2021|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name = "msn">{{Cite web|title=IAC Vikrant, India's first indigenously-built aircraft carrier, to be commissioned on September 2|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/iac-vikrant-india-s-first-indigenously-built-aircraft-carrier-to-be-commissioned-on-september-2/|publisher=msn|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| Line 116: | Line 110: | ||
India considered a number of aircraft for operation from its aircraft carrier, {{INS|Vikramaditya}} and the planned indigenous aircraft carrier. India evaluated the Russian [[Sukhoi Su-33]], but chose the lighter MiG-29K as ''Vikramaditya'' was smaller and lacked an [[aircraft catapult]].<ref name="sp-su33">{{cite news|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/20091013.aspx|title=MiG-29 Shuts Down The Su-33|date=13 October 2009|access-date=31 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105001550/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/20091013.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> On 18 January 2010, it was reported that India and Russia were close to signing a deal for 29 MiG-29K fighters to operate from IAC-1.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-18/india/28115936_1_refit-rechristened-ins-vikramaditya-largest-defence-supplier | first1=Rajat | last1=Pandit | title=India, Russia to ink $1.2 bn deal for 29 more MiG-29Ks | date=18 January 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145014/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-launched-in-august-ak-antony/391008-3.html | work=[[The Times of India]] | archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> In addition, the Navy signed a deal for six naval-variants of the indigenous [[HAL Tejas]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Sandeep Unnithan |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/73256/Top%20Stories/First+indigenous+aircraft+carrier+to+be+launched+next+year:+Navy+chief.html |title=First indigenous aircraft carrier to be launched next year: Navy chief: LATEST HEADLINES: India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2 December 2009 |access-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126052127/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/73256/Top%2BStories/First%2Bindigenous%2Baircraft%2Bcarrier%2Bto%2Bbe%2Blaunched%2Bnext%2Byear%3A%2BNavy%2Bchief.html |archive-date=26 January 2010}}</ref> In June 2012, ''[[FlightGlobal|Flight Global]]'' reported that the Indian Navy was considering the use of the [[Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale M]] (Naval variant) on these carriers.<ref name="FM">{{cite news|title=IAC enters trial as navy eyes Rafale|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indian-aircraft-carrier-enters-sea-trials-as-navy-eyes-rafale-372925/|access-date=1 August 2012|newspaper=Flight magazine|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623224451/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indian-aircraft-carrier-enters-sea-trials-as-navy-eyes-rafale-372925/|archive-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> On 6 January 2022, The Indian Navy started testing the Rafale-M for operations from INS Vikrant at the [[shore-based test facility]] at [[INS Hansa]] in [[Goa]]. Some reports citing the same also indicated that the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet would be tested at the same locale in March 2022<ref>{{Cite web|last=P|first=Rajat|date=6 January 2022|title=Demonstration of Rafale fighter for Navy begins at Goa, F/A-18 next in March {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/demonstration-of-rafale-fighter-begins-for-navy-at-goa-f/a-18-next-in-march/articleshow/88740199.cms|access-date=2022-01-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-01|title=Navy to test Rafale-M jet for INS Vikrant|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-set-to-conduct-trials-of-rafale-fighter-s-naval-version-101640980226180.html|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dubois|first=Gastón|date=2022-01-03|title=Rafale M to begin Ski-Jump take-off trials for Indian Navy|url=https://www.aviacionline.com/2022/01/rafale-m-to-begin-ski-jump-take-off-trials-for-indian-navy/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Aviacionline.com|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-04|title=Indian Navy to conduct flight tests of Rafale-M fighter jet|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/indian-navy-tests-rafale-m-fighter/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Naval Technology|language=en-US}}</ref> | India considered a number of aircraft for operation from its aircraft carrier, {{INS|Vikramaditya}} and the planned indigenous aircraft carrier. India evaluated the Russian [[Sukhoi Su-33]], but chose the lighter MiG-29K as ''Vikramaditya'' was smaller and lacked an [[aircraft catapult]].<ref name="sp-su33">{{cite news|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/20091013.aspx|title=MiG-29 Shuts Down The Su-33|date=13 October 2009|access-date=31 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105001550/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/20091013.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> On 18 January 2010, it was reported that India and Russia were close to signing a deal for 29 MiG-29K fighters to operate from IAC-1.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-18/india/28115936_1_refit-rechristened-ins-vikramaditya-largest-defence-supplier | first1=Rajat | last1=Pandit | title=India, Russia to ink $1.2 bn deal for 29 more MiG-29Ks | date=18 January 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202145014/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-launched-in-august-ak-antony/391008-3.html | work=[[The Times of India]] | archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> In addition, the Navy signed a deal for six naval-variants of the indigenous [[HAL Tejas]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Sandeep Unnithan |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/73256/Top%20Stories/First+indigenous+aircraft+carrier+to+be+launched+next+year:+Navy+chief.html |title=First indigenous aircraft carrier to be launched next year: Navy chief: LATEST HEADLINES: India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2 December 2009 |access-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126052127/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/73256/Top%2BStories/First%2Bindigenous%2Baircraft%2Bcarrier%2Bto%2Bbe%2Blaunched%2Bnext%2Byear%3A%2BNavy%2Bchief.html |archive-date=26 January 2010}}</ref> In June 2012, ''[[FlightGlobal|Flight Global]]'' reported that the Indian Navy was considering the use of the [[Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale M]] (Naval variant) on these carriers.<ref name="FM">{{cite news|title=IAC enters trial as navy eyes Rafale|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indian-aircraft-carrier-enters-sea-trials-as-navy-eyes-rafale-372925/|access-date=1 August 2012|newspaper=Flight magazine|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623224451/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/indian-aircraft-carrier-enters-sea-trials-as-navy-eyes-rafale-372925/|archive-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> On 6 January 2022, The Indian Navy started testing the Rafale-M for operations from INS Vikrant at the [[shore-based test facility]] at [[INS Hansa]] in [[Goa]]. Some reports citing the same also indicated that the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet would be tested at the same locale in March 2022<ref>{{Cite web|last=P|first=Rajat|date=6 January 2022|title=Demonstration of Rafale fighter for Navy begins at Goa, F/A-18 next in March {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/demonstration-of-rafale-fighter-begins-for-navy-at-goa-f/a-18-next-in-march/articleshow/88740199.cms|access-date=2022-01-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-01|title=Navy to test Rafale-M jet for INS Vikrant|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-set-to-conduct-trials-of-rafale-fighter-s-naval-version-101640980226180.html|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dubois|first=Gastón|date=2022-01-03|title=Rafale M to begin Ski-Jump take-off trials for Indian Navy|url=https://www.aviacionline.com/2022/01/rafale-m-to-begin-ski-jump-take-off-trials-for-indian-navy/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Aviacionline.com|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-04|title=Indian Navy to conduct flight tests of Rafale-M fighter jet|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/indian-navy-tests-rafale-m-fighter/|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Naval Technology|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
In December 2016, the Navy announced that the HAL Tejas was overweight for carrier operations, and other alternatives would be looked at.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms|title=Navy rejects Tejas, says 'overweight' fighter does not meet its requirements|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206075145/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms|archive-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/navy-rules-out-deploying-overweight-tejas-on-aircraft-carriers-4407349/|title=Navy rules out deploying 'overweight' Tejas on aircraft carriers|date=2 December 2016|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220195429/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/navy-rules-out-deploying-overweight-tejas-on-aircraft-carriers-4407349/|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> The Navy settled with MiG-29K as the primary aircraft for the IAC-1.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-04|title=IAC-1 to be inducted into Indian Navy in 2020|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/iac-1-to-be-inducted-into-indian-navy-in-2020-2160887.html|access-date=2021-02-18|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=3 Dec 2018|title=IAC-1 to be inducted into Indian Navy in 2020 {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iac-1-to-be-inducted-into-indian-navy-in-2020/articleshow/66922950.cms|access-date=2021-02-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | In December 2016, the Navy announced that the HAL Tejas was overweight for carrier operations, and other alternatives would be looked at.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms|title=Navy rejects Tejas, says 'overweight' fighter does not meet its requirements|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206075145/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms|archive-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/navy-rules-out-deploying-overweight-tejas-on-aircraft-carriers-4407349/|title=Navy rules out deploying 'overweight' Tejas on aircraft carriers|date=2 December 2016|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=22 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220195429/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/navy-rules-out-deploying-overweight-tejas-on-aircraft-carriers-4407349/|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> The Navy settled with MiG-29K as the primary aircraft for the IAC-1.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-04|title=IAC-1 to be inducted into Indian Navy in 2020|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/iac-1-to-be-inducted-into-indian-navy-in-2020-2160887.html|access-date=2021-02-18|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=3 Dec 2018|title=IAC-1 to be inducted into Indian Navy in 2020 {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iac-1-to-be-inducted-into-indian-navy-in-2020/articleshow/66922950.cms|access-date=2021-02-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
In late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international [[Request for Information]] (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters". The main contest was between the [[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] and the [[Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale-M]]. Both these aircraft are operable on the ''Vikrant'' and ''Vikramaditya''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-18|title=Requests for proposals: Indian Navy looks to buy 57 fighters for Rs 95,000 crore|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/requests-for-proposals-indian-navy-looks-to-buy-57-fighters-for-rs-95000-crore/1136675/|access-date=2021-04-29|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2020, Boeing demonstrated F/A-18E/F operations from Indian carriers at the [[shore-based test facility]] at [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]] in [[Maryland]], US.<ref>{{cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-21|title=F/A-18 operation on Indian carriers successfully demonstrated: Boeing|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/boeing-says-successful-demonstration-of-f-18s-landing-on-indian-navy-carriers/article33383680.ece|access-date=2021-04-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=boeing: Boeing announces Super Hornet demonstrated compatibility with Indian carriers - The Economic Times|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/boeing-announces-super-hornet-demonstrated-compatibility-with-indian-carriers/amp_articleshow/79836191.cms|access-date=2021-04-29|website= | In late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international [[Request for Information]] (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters". The main contest was between the [[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] and the [[Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale-M]]. Both these aircraft are operable on the ''Vikrant'' and ''Vikramaditya''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-18|title=Requests for proposals: Indian Navy looks to buy 57 fighters for Rs 95,000 crore|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/requests-for-proposals-indian-navy-looks-to-buy-57-fighters-for-rs-95000-crore/1136675/|access-date=2021-04-29|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2020, Boeing demonstrated F/A-18E/F operations from Indian carriers at the [[shore-based test facility]] at [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]] in [[Maryland]], US.<ref>{{cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-12-21|title=F/A-18 operation on Indian carriers successfully demonstrated: Boeing|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/boeing-says-successful-demonstration-of-f-18s-landing-on-indian-navy-carriers/article33383680.ece|access-date=2021-04-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=boeing: Boeing announces Super Hornet demonstrated compatibility with Indian carriers - The Economic Times|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/boeing-announces-super-hornet-demonstrated-compatibility-with-indian-carriers/amp_articleshow/79836191.cms|access-date=2021-04-29|website=The Economic Times}}</ref> In mid 2020, the Navy announced that it was seeking 36 fighters instead of the initial 57 proposed due to budgetary constraints.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Navy wants to join IAF in fighter jet shopping|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-looking-to-combine-fighter-procurement-with-iaf-tender-for-114-jets/article33264017.ece|work=THE HINDU|date=6 December 2020}}</ref> | ||
After the HAL Tejas and the [[HAL Tejas Mk2|Tejas Mk2]] were considered overweight for carrier operations, the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development Organization]] introduced a program to develop a [[Twinjet|twin-engine]], [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier based]], [[multirole combat aircraft]] called the [[HAL TEDBF|HAL Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF)]] for the Indian Navy. A model of the aircraft was displayed at [[Aero India]] 2021. The first flight is expected in 2026 with induction into the forces by 2032. The TEDBF is expected to perform multiple roles like [[combat air patrol]], [[Dogfight|air-to-air combat]], [[Anti-surface warfare|anti-ship strike]] and [[Aerial refueling|buddy refueling]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India's New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=NAVAL NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> This aircraft has also been envisioned to operate from the INS ''Vikrant'', INS ''Vikramaditya'' and the future aircraft carrier [[INS Vishal|INS ''Vishal'']]. | After the HAL Tejas and the [[HAL Tejas Mk2|Tejas Mk2]] were considered overweight for carrier operations, the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development Organization]] introduced a program to develop a [[Twinjet|twin-engine]], [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier based]], [[multirole combat aircraft]] called the [[HAL TEDBF|HAL Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF)]] for the Indian Navy. A model of the aircraft was displayed at [[Aero India]] 2021. The first flight is expected in 2026 with induction into the forces by 2032. The TEDBF is expected to perform multiple roles like [[combat air patrol]], [[Dogfight|air-to-air combat]], [[Anti-surface warfare|anti-ship strike]] and [[Aerial refueling|buddy refueling]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India's New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=NAVAL NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> This aircraft has also been envisioned to operate from the INS ''Vikrant'', INS ''Vikramaditya'' and the future aircraft carrier [[INS Vishal|INS ''Vishal'']]. | ||
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''Vikrant'' is the first aircraft carrier to be designed by the Directorate of Naval Design of the Indian Navy and the first warship to be built by Cochin Shipyard. Its construction involved participation of a large number of private and public firms. | ''Vikrant'' is the first aircraft carrier to be designed by the Directorate of Naval Design of the Indian Navy and the first warship to be built by Cochin Shipyard. Its construction involved participation of a large number of private and public firms. | ||
The [[Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory]] (DMRL) and [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] (SAIL) created facilities to manufacture the DMR 249 grade steel in India.<ref name="hindu-float" /><ref name="business-standard-keel">{{cite | The [[Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory]] (DMRL) and [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] (SAIL) created facilities to manufacture the DMR 249 grade steel in India.<ref name="hindu-float" /><ref name="business-standard-keel">{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ins-vikrant-s-first-victory-being-built-from-indian-steel-113080701287_1.html |title=INS Vikrant's first victory: Being built from Indian steel |last=Shukla |first=Ajai |work=The Business Standard |date=29 August 2013 |access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Reportedly, 26,000 tonnes of three types of special steel for the hull, flight deck and floor compartments were manufactured at the [[Bokaro Steel Plant]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Bhilai Steel Plant]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Rourkela Steel Plant]], [[Odisha]]. Due to this, ''Vikrant'' is the first ship of the Indian Navy to be built completely using domestically produced steel.<ref>{{cite news |title=INS Vikrant's first victory: being built from Indian steel |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ins-vikrant-s-first-victory-being-built-from-indian-steel-113080701287_1.html |last=Shukla |first=Ajai |access-date=18 May 2015 |newspaper=Business Standard|date=7 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811162648/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ins-vikrant-s-first-victory-being-built-from-indian-steel-113080701287_1.html |archive-date=11 August 2013}}</ref> The main switch board, steering gear and water tight hatches have been manufactured by [[Larsen & Toubro]] in [[Mumbai]] and [[Talegaon Dabhade|Talegaon]]; high-capacity [[air conditioning]] and [[refrigeration]] systems have been manufactured in [[Kirloskar Group]]'s plants in [[Pune]]; most pumps have been supplied by Best and Crompton; [[Bharat Heavy Electricals]] (BHEL) supplied the Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS), which is being installed by [[Avio]], an [[Italy|Italian]] company; the gear box was supplied by [[Elecon Engineering]]; and the electrical cables are being supplied by Nicco Industries.<ref name="idr12aug13">{{cite news |title='Vikrant' Reborn in Indigenous Avtar |url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/vikrant-reborn-in-indigenous-avtar/ |access-date=18 May 2015 |newspaper=Indian Defence Review |date=12 August 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226025811/http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/vikrant-reborn-in-indigenous-avtar/ |archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> [[Fincantieri]] provided consultancy for the propulsion package while Russia's Nevskoye Design Bureau designed the aviation complex.<ref>{{cite news |title=In the heart of the iron beast, INS Vikrant |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/in-the-heart-of-the-iron-beast/article18440534.ece |access-date=30 September 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 May 2017 }}</ref> | ||
The [[keel]] for ''Vikrant'' was laid by Defence Minister [[A. K. Antony|A.K. Antony]] at the Cochin Shipyard on 28 February 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Govt overhauls coastal security; gives overall charge to Navy|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-govt-overhauls-coastal-security-gives-overall-charge-to-navy-1235004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410173245/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-govt-overhauls-coastal-security-gives-overall-charge-to-navy-1235004|archive-date=10 April 2016|access-date=7 April 2016|publisher=dnaindia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20090085124 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908225312/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20090085124 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 September 2012 |title=India overhauls coastal security, Navy gets charge |publisher=NDTV.com |date=28 February 2009 |access-date=1 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20090226/120325539.html |title=India to lay keel of new aircraft carrier on Saturday {{pipe}} World {{pipe}} RIA Novosti |publisher=En.rian.ru |date=26 February 2009 |access-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605175227/http://en.rian.ru/world/20090226/120325539.html |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref> The ship uses modular construction, with 874 blocks joined for the [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]]. By the time the keel was laid, 423 blocks weighing over 8,000 tons had been completed.<ref name="Herald_Elite_club">{{cite news |title=India joins elite warships club |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar12009/scroll20090301121399.asp |access-date=18 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.deccanherald.com%2FContent%2FMar12009%2Fscroll20090301121399.asp&date=2012-07-15 |archive-date=15 July 2012 |date=1 March 2009 |last=Ray |first=Kaylan |url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2011, the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence Ministry]] reported to the [[Lok Sabha]] that 75% of the construction work for the hull of the lead carrier had been completed and the carrier would be first launched in December 2011, following which further works would be completed until commissioning.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-launch-this-dec_723865.html |title=Indigenous aircraft carrier launch this Dec |work=Zeenews |date=2 August 2011 |access-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609184600/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-launch-this-dec_723865.html |archive-date=9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-completed-by-dec-govt/773900.html |title=First indigenous aircraft carrier to be completed by Dec: Govt |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=2 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107013318/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-completed-by-dec-govt/773900.html |archive-date=7 November 2012 }}</ref> On 29 December 2011, the completed hull of the carrier was first floated out of its dry dock at CSL, with its displacement at over 14,000 tonnes.<ref name="bs-gears" /> Interior works and fittings on the hull would be carried out until the second half of 2012, when it would again be dry-docked for integration with its propulsion and power generation systems.<ref name="DN449">{{cite web |url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/449/india-floats-out-its-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-from-cochin.html |title=India Floats out Its First Indigenous Aircraft Carrier |publisher=DefenceNow.com |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213103829/http://www.defencenow.com/news/449/india-floats-out-its-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-from-cochin.html |archive-date=13 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="hindu-float" /> By late 2012, work commenced for the next stage of construction, which included the installation of the integrated propulsion system, the [[superstructure]], the upper decks, the cabling, sensors and [[weapon]]s.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rajat |last=Pandit |date=16 August 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-inducts-Indias-largest-indigenously-built-warship-INS-Kolkata/articleshow/40313665.cms |title=PM Modi inducts India's largest indigenously built warship INS Kolkata |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002101358/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-inducts-Indias-largest-indigenously-built-warship-INS-Kolkata/articleshow/40313665.cms |archive-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> | The [[keel]] for ''Vikrant'' was laid by Defence Minister [[A. K. Antony|A.K. Antony]] at the Cochin Shipyard on 28 February 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Govt overhauls coastal security; gives overall charge to Navy|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-govt-overhauls-coastal-security-gives-overall-charge-to-navy-1235004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410173245/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-govt-overhauls-coastal-security-gives-overall-charge-to-navy-1235004|archive-date=10 April 2016|access-date=7 April 2016|publisher=dnaindia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20090085124 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908225312/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20090085124 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 September 2012 |title=India overhauls coastal security, Navy gets charge |publisher=NDTV.com |date=28 February 2009 |access-date=1 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.rian.ru/world/20090226/120325539.html |title=India to lay keel of new aircraft carrier on Saturday {{pipe}} World {{pipe}} RIA Novosti |publisher=En.rian.ru |date=26 February 2009 |access-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605175227/http://en.rian.ru/world/20090226/120325539.html |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref> The ship uses modular construction, with 874 blocks joined for the [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]]. By the time the keel was laid, 423 blocks weighing over 8,000 tons had been completed.<ref name="Herald_Elite_club">{{cite news |title=India joins elite warships club |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar12009/scroll20090301121399.asp |access-date=18 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.deccanherald.com%2FContent%2FMar12009%2Fscroll20090301121399.asp&date=2012-07-15 |archive-date=15 July 2012 |date=1 March 2009 |last=Ray |first=Kaylan |url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2011, the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence Ministry]] reported to the [[Lok Sabha]] that 75% of the construction work for the hull of the lead carrier had been completed and the carrier would be first launched in December 2011, following which further works would be completed until commissioning.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-launch-this-dec_723865.html |title=Indigenous aircraft carrier launch this Dec |work=Zeenews |date=2 August 2011 |access-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609184600/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-launch-this-dec_723865.html |archive-date=9 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-completed-by-dec-govt/773900.html |title=First indigenous aircraft carrier to be completed by Dec: Govt |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=2 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107013318/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-completed-by-dec-govt/773900.html |archive-date=7 November 2012 }}</ref> On 29 December 2011, the completed hull of the carrier was first floated out of its dry dock at CSL, with its displacement at over 14,000 tonnes.<ref name="bs-gears" /> Interior works and fittings on the hull would be carried out until the second half of 2012, when it would again be dry-docked for integration with its propulsion and power generation systems.<ref name="DN449">{{cite web |url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/449/india-floats-out-its-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-from-cochin.html |title=India Floats out Its First Indigenous Aircraft Carrier |publisher=DefenceNow.com |date=2 January 2012 |access-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213103829/http://www.defencenow.com/news/449/india-floats-out-its-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-from-cochin.html |archive-date=13 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="hindu-float" /> By late 2012, work commenced for the next stage of construction, which included the installation of the integrated propulsion system, the [[superstructure]], the upper decks, the cabling, sensors and [[weapon]]s.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rajat |last=Pandit |date=16 August 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-inducts-Indias-largest-indigenously-built-warship-INS-Kolkata/articleshow/40313665.cms |title=PM Modi inducts India's largest indigenously built warship INS Kolkata |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002101358/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-inducts-Indias-largest-indigenously-built-warship-INS-Kolkata/articleshow/40313665.cms |archive-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> | ||
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== Harbour and sea trials == | == Harbour and sea trials == | ||
On 31 October 2019, Cochin Shipyard received a {{INRConvert|3000|c|lk=|year=2019}} contract for the Phase-III of the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/stocks/cochin-shipyard-hits-52-week-high-after-bagging-rs-3000-crore-contract-4593411.html|title=Cochin Shipyard hits 52-week high after bagging Rs 3,000-crore contract|date=1 November 2019|website=[[Moneycontrol]]|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> This contract included funds for the harbour trials, sea trials and support for the ship during its weapons and aviation trials after its delivery.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/cochin-shipyard-bags-rs-3-000-crore-contract-for-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-119110100290_1.html|title=Cochin Shipyard bags Rs 3,000 crore contract for aircraft carrier Vikrant|last=Narasimhan|first=T. E.|date=2019-11-01|work=[[Business Standard India]]|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> In December 2019, it was reported the engines had been switched on.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/engines-fired-up-basin-trials-next-for-indigenous-aircraft-carrier/articleshow/72324320.cms|title=Engines fired up, basin trials next for Indigenous Aircraft Carrier|last=Pubby|first=Manu|date=2019-12-02|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref> | On 31 October 2019, Cochin Shipyard received a {{INRConvert|3000|c|lk=|year=2019}} contract for the Phase-III of the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/stocks/cochin-shipyard-hits-52-week-high-after-bagging-rs-3000-crore-contract-4593411.html|title=Cochin Shipyard hits 52-week high after bagging Rs 3,000-crore contract|date=1 November 2019|website=[[Moneycontrol]]|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> This contract included funds for the harbour trials, sea trials and support for the ship during its weapons and aviation trials after its delivery.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/cochin-shipyard-bags-rs-3-000-crore-contract-for-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-119110100290_1.html|title=Cochin Shipyard bags Rs 3,000 crore contract for aircraft carrier Vikrant|last=Narasimhan|first=T. E.|date=2019-11-01|work=[[Business Standard India]]|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> In December 2019, it was reported the engines had been switched on.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/engines-fired-up-basin-trials-next-for-indigenous-aircraft-carrier/articleshow/72324320.cms|title=Engines fired up, basin trials next for Indigenous Aircraft Carrier|last=Pubby|first=Manu|date=2019-12-02|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref> By September 2020, ''Vikrant'' had completed harbour trials while the basin trials started from October 2020 to check propulsion, electric transmission and shafting systems.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=India's first Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 'ready' for basin trials in September|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/aug/21/indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ready-for-basin-trials-in-september-2186478.html|access-date=2020-08-23|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> On 30 November 2020, the basin trials were completed, paving the way for sea trials, the final phase of the IAC-I project.<ref name="PROKochi20">{{cite tweet|user=DefencePROkochi |number=1333423115913728003|date=2020-11-30 |title=Tweet from Public Relations Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 November 2020|title=Major Milestone Achieved by IAC - Basin Trials Successful|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/major-milestone-achieved-iac-basin-trials-successful|access-date=2 December 2020|website=Indian Navy}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Basin Trials of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 2.jpg|thumb|Basin trials of the aircraft carrier.]] | [[File:Basin Trials of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 2.jpg|thumb|Basin trials of the aircraft carrier.]] | ||
In April 2021, it was reported work had begun to integrate [[Barak 8|the long-range surface-to-air missile (LRSAM)]] onboard ''Vikrant.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2021/april/9973-lrsam-system-to-equip-the-future-indian-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.navyrecognition.com|title=LRSAM system to equip the future Indian aircraft carrier INS Vikrant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eletimes.com/ins-vikrant-to-get-lrsam-cover-soon|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.eletimes.com|title=INS Vikrant to get LRSAM Cover Soon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-10|title=INS Vikrant to get LRSAM Cover Soon|url=https://www.defenceaviationpost.com/2021/04/ins-vikrant-to-get-lrsam-cover-soon/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Defence News India|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 15 June 2021, ''Vikrant'' was moved to the Ernakulam Wharf in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outlook India Photo Gallery - Jun 15, 2021|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/photos/dayin/6/15/2021?photo-271573|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> | In April 2021, it was reported work had begun to integrate [[Barak 8|the long-range surface-to-air missile (LRSAM)]] onboard ''Vikrant.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2021/april/9973-lrsam-system-to-equip-the-future-indian-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.navyrecognition.com|title=LRSAM system to equip the future Indian aircraft carrier INS Vikrant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eletimes.com/ins-vikrant-to-get-lrsam-cover-soon|access-date=2021-04-10|website=www.eletimes.com|title=INS Vikrant to get LRSAM Cover Soon|date=9 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-10|title=INS Vikrant to get LRSAM Cover Soon|url=https://www.defenceaviationpost.com/2021/04/ins-vikrant-to-get-lrsam-cover-soon/|access-date=2021-04-10|website=Defence News India|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 15 June 2021, ''Vikrant'' was moved to the Ernakulam Wharf in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outlook India Photo Gallery - Jun 15, 2021|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/photos/dayin/6/15/2021?photo-271573|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> On 4 August 2021, sea trials finally began.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier, to be named INS Vikrant, finally begins sea trials|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-be-named-ins-vikrant-finally-begins-sea-trials/articleshow/85031100.cms|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Times of India}}</ref> The first phase of the sea trials was successfully completed on 8 August 2021.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.rediff.com/news/report/pix-vikrant-successfully-completes-5-day-maiden-sea-voyage/20210808.htm| title = Vikrant successfully completes 5-day maiden sea voyage - Rediff.com}}</ref> The second phase of the trials was conducted on 24 October 2021,<ref>{{Cite news|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant begins second phase of sea trials|newspaper=The Hindu |date=24 October 2021 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-begins-second-phase-of-sea-trials/article37150139.ece|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref> followed by the third phase from 9–17 January 2022,<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant begins another set of sea trials|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-begins-another-set-of-sea-trials/847808|access-date=2022-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-heads-out-for-next-round-of-sea-trials/article38203234.ece|title=Indigenous Aircraft Carrier Vikrant heads out for next round of sea trials|date=9 January 2022|website=The Hindu|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-s-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-1897963-2022-01-09|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier Vikrant enters third phase of trials Top Points|date=9 January 2022|website= India Today|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref> both of which were completed successfully.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/explainers/explained-why-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-puts-india-in-select-group-of-nations-4667084.html|title=EXPLAINED: Why Indigenous Aircraft Carrier INS Vikrant Puts India In Select Group Of Nations|website=News18|date=17 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref> On 10 July, the fourth and final phase of the sea trials was successfully completed. This phase involved integrated trials of most of the equipment and systems aboard ''Vikrant'', including portions of the Aviation Facilities Complex.<ref name="final_trials">{{cite web|title=Indigenous Aircraft Carrier Vikrant: Completion of Fourth Phase of Sea Trials|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1840608|website=Press Information Bureau of India|date=10 July 2022|access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
On 4 August 2021, sea trials finally began | |||
[[File:IAC-1 Vikrant going for its maiden sea trials.jpg|thumb|A [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] approaches ''Vikrant'' while on sea trials]] | [[File:IAC-1 Vikrant going for its maiden sea trials.jpg|thumb|A [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] approaches ''Vikrant'' while on sea trials]] | ||
==Completion and commissioning== | ==Completion and commissioning== | ||
INS | [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi commissions the first indigenous aircraft carrier as INS Vikrant, in Kochi, Kerela on September 02, 2022 (2).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] commissioned INS Vikrant on September 2, 2022 in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].]] | ||
Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] commissioned INS Vikrant on September 2, 2022 in a grand ceremony at [[Cochin Shipyard]].<ref name="PTICommission"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ins-vikrant-indias-first-home-built-aircraft-carrier-commissioned-by-pm-narendra-modi-3308900|title=INS Vikrant, 1st India-Made Aircraft Carrier, Commissioned By PM |website=NDTV.com|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> Earlier, INS ''Vikrant'' was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28 July 2022.<ref name="delivery_IAC">{{cite web|title=Delivery of Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC) 'Vikrant'|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1845871|website=Press Information Bureau of India|date=28 July 2022|access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref> Flight trials of its aircraft complement are expected to be completed by mid-2023, after which the ship will be fully operational.<ref name=":1" /> In March 2020, it was revealed that after its commissioning, the Navy will deploy ''Vikrant'' at Larsen & Toubro's [[shipyard]] in [[Kattupalli]] near [[Chennai]]. This was done as the planned [[naval base]] in [[Rambilli]] near [[Vishakhapatnam]] was not ready yet. The Navy wants to lease a 260 m berth at [[Kattupalli Shipyard|Kattupalli shipyard]] for 8 years between 2022 and 2030 for interim berthing of the ship, by which time the [[INS Varsha|naval base at Rambilli]] is expected to be available.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indian-navy-to-berth-new-aircraft-carrier-at-private-shipyard-11584281200203.html|title=Indian Navy to berth new aircraft carrier at private shipyard}}</ref> | |||
== Commanding officers == | == Commanding officers == | ||
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! scope="col" style="width: 500px;" | Notes | ! scope="col" style="width: 500px;" | Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | |[[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] Vidhyadhar Harke, VSM | ||
|7 May 2021 | |7 May 2021 | ||
|Present | |Present | ||
|First CO | |First CO of ''Vikrant''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vikrant-first-made-in-india-aircraft-carrier-not-a-liability-navy-2510905|title=Vikrant, First Made-In-India Aircraft Carrier, Not A Liability: Navy|last=Som|first=Vishnu|date=2021-08-15|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en-IN}}</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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In July 2016, the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller & Auditor General]] (CAG) published a 2014 project plan, supplied by the Cochin Shipyard, that showed an expected completion date in 2023,<ref name="Cag2016" /> though the Navy hoped to partially commission the ship before this date.<ref name="TOI-2023">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-without-aircraft-carrier-for-8-months/articleshow/53407213.cms|title=India without aircraft carrier for 8 months|last1=Pandit|first1=Rajat|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204174147/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-without-aircraft-carrier-for-8-months/articleshow/53407213.cms|archive-date=4 December 2016|url-status=live|access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref> In December 2017, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral [[Sunil Lanba]] announced that the ship was expected to commence sea trials and be commissioned in 2020.<ref name="dip2020" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/14-chinese-navy-ships-spotted-in-indian-ocean-indian-navy-monitoring-locations/articleshow/61882634.cms|title=14 Chinese navy ships spotted in Indian Ocean, Indian Navy monitoring locations|last=Gurung|first=Shaurya Karanbir|date=2017-12-01|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref> In January 2018, [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]] J Chowdhary, the principal director of naval design, announced the remaining procurement delays stalling ''Vikrant''{{'}}s construction had been resolved, and that the carrier would be completed and delivered by December 2018; it would then undergo two years of sea trials before its then-expected commissioning in October 2020.<ref name=confident_commission>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-confident-of-commissioning-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-in-two-years/article22474986.ece |title=Navy confident of commissioning aircraft carrier Vikrant in two years |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |work=The Hindu |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> | In July 2016, the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller & Auditor General]] (CAG) published a 2014 project plan, supplied by the Cochin Shipyard, that showed an expected completion date in 2023,<ref name="Cag2016" /> though the Navy hoped to partially commission the ship before this date.<ref name="TOI-2023">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-without-aircraft-carrier-for-8-months/articleshow/53407213.cms|title=India without aircraft carrier for 8 months|last1=Pandit|first1=Rajat|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204174147/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-without-aircraft-carrier-for-8-months/articleshow/53407213.cms|archive-date=4 December 2016|url-status=live|access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref> In December 2017, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral [[Sunil Lanba]] announced that the ship was expected to commence sea trials and be commissioned in 2020.<ref name="dip2020" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/14-chinese-navy-ships-spotted-in-indian-ocean-indian-navy-monitoring-locations/articleshow/61882634.cms|title=14 Chinese navy ships spotted in Indian Ocean, Indian Navy monitoring locations|last=Gurung|first=Shaurya Karanbir|date=2017-12-01|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-12-02}}</ref> In January 2018, [[Commodore (India)|Commodore]] J Chowdhary, the principal director of naval design, announced the remaining procurement delays stalling ''Vikrant''{{'}}s construction had been resolved, and that the carrier would be completed and delivered by December 2018; it would then undergo two years of sea trials before its then-expected commissioning in October 2020.<ref name=confident_commission>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-confident-of-commissioning-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-in-two-years/article22474986.ece |title=Navy confident of commissioning aircraft carrier Vikrant in two years |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |work=The Hindu |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> | ||
During the December 2019 [[Navy Day (India)|Navy Day]] press briefing, Chief of Naval Staff Admiral [[Karambir Singh]] said ''Vikrant'' would be fully operational before the end of 2022.<ref name="delivery_delayed"/> A part of the blame for the delay in delivery of ''Vikrant'' was attributed to the delay in the supply of aviation equipment from Russia. In response to a question in the [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Shripad Naik|Sripad Naik]], the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of State for Defence]], stated: "Ship's targeted delivery was affected due to delay in supply of aviation equipment from Russia".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.defencestar.in/military/indian-navy-news/defence-news-india-updates-delay-in-supply-of-equipment-from-russia-affected-delivery-of-indias-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant/amp |title = Delay in supply of equipment from Russia affected delivery of India's aircraft carrier|newspaper = Defence Star|date = 14 February 2020}}</ref> The Navy expected to commission ''Vikrant'' by the end of 2021,<ref name=":0" /> with an April 2021 report by the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' claiming ''Vikrant'', along with the [[Stealth ship|stealth]] [[Guided-missile destroyer|guided missile destroyer]] {{INS|Visakhapatnam||6}}, would be delivered to the Indian Navy by the end of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/april/10068-indian-navy-to-get-ins-vikrant-and-ins-visakhapatnam-by-end-of-2021.html|access-date=2021-04-29|website=www.navyrecognition.com|title=Indian Navy to get INS Vikrant and INS Visakhapatnam by end of 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-27|title=Navy to get aircraft carrier Vikrant, missile destroyer Visakhapatnam in 2021|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navy-to-get-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-missile-destroyer-visakhapatnam-in-2021-101619498533809.html|access-date=2021-04-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Other construction and procurement delays initially delayed the warship's sea trials to April 2020 from their originally scheduled date of 12 March 2020. Due to the [[Covid-19 pandemic in India|Covid-19 pandemic]], trials were further postponed to late 2020,<ref name="delivery_delayed">{{Cite web|date=25 May 2020|title=Delivery date of Indian Navy Aircraft Carrier INS Vikrant once again delayed|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/may-2020/8477-delivery-date-of-indian-navy-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-once-again-delayed.html|access-date=2020-08-24|website=Navy Recognition}}</ref> but ultimately began in August 2021. As of August 2021, the carrier is scheduled to be commissioned in 2022. | During the December 2019 [[Navy Day (India)|Navy Day]] press briefing, Chief of Naval Staff Admiral [[Karambir Singh]] said ''Vikrant'' would be fully operational before the end of 2022.<ref name="delivery_delayed"/> A part of the blame for the delay in delivery of ''Vikrant'' was attributed to the delay in the supply of aviation equipment from Russia. In response to a question in the [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Shripad Naik|Sripad Naik]], the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of State for Defence]], stated: "Ship's targeted delivery was affected due to delay in supply of aviation equipment from Russia".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.defencestar.in/military/indian-navy-news/defence-news-india-updates-delay-in-supply-of-equipment-from-russia-affected-delivery-of-indias-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant/amp |title = Delay in supply of equipment from Russia affected delivery of India's aircraft carrier|newspaper = Defence Star|date = 14 February 2020}}</ref> The Navy expected to commission ''Vikrant'' by the end of 2021,<ref name=":0" /> with an April 2021 report by the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' claiming ''Vikrant'', along with the [[Stealth ship|stealth]] [[Guided-missile destroyer|guided missile destroyer]] {{INS|Visakhapatnam||6}}, would be delivered to the Indian Navy by the end of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/april/10068-indian-navy-to-get-ins-vikrant-and-ins-visakhapatnam-by-end-of-2021.html|access-date=2021-04-29|website=www.navyrecognition.com|title=Indian Navy to get INS Vikrant and INS Visakhapatnam by end of 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-27|title=Navy to get aircraft carrier Vikrant, missile destroyer Visakhapatnam in 2021|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/navy-to-get-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-missile-destroyer-visakhapatnam-in-2021-101619498533809.html|access-date=2021-04-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Other construction and procurement delays initially delayed the warship's sea trials to April 2020 from their originally scheduled date of 12 March 2020. Due to the [[Covid-19 pandemic in India|Covid-19 pandemic]], trials were further postponed to late 2020,<ref name="delivery_delayed">{{Cite web|date=25 May 2020|title=Delivery date of Indian Navy Aircraft Carrier INS Vikrant once again delayed|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/may-2020/8477-delivery-date-of-indian-navy-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-once-again-delayed.html|access-date=2020-08-24|website=Navy Recognition}}</ref> but ultimately began in August 2021. As of August 2021, the carrier is scheduled to be commissioned in 2022. It commissioned on 2 September 2022 by PM Narendra Modi<ref> | ||
https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2022/09/02/asia/india-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-commissioned-intl-hnk-ml/index.html?amp_gsa=1&_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16621330204142&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F09%2F02%2Fasia%2Findia-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-commissioned-intl-hnk-ml%2Findex.html </ref> ,<ref> https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ins-vikrant-in-numbers-2-football-fields-18-floors-16-bed-hospital-3308664/amp/1?amp_gsa=1&_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16621330204142&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fins-vikrant-in-numbers-2-football-fields-18-floors-16-bed-hospital-3308664 </ref> ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=Inside India’s newly-commissioned aircraft carrier |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62749345 |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> . | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
*[[Future of the Indian Navy]] | *[[Future of the Indian Navy]] | ||
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships]] | *[[List of active Indian Navy ships]] | ||
*[[List of aircraft carriers in service]] | *[[List of aircraft carriers in service]] | ||
*[[INS Vikramaditya]] | |||
*[[INS Viraat]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||