.svg)
Mohiniyattam: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
'''Mohiniyattam''', ({{lang-ml|മോഹിനിയാട്ടം}}), is an [[Indian classical dance]] form that developed and remained popular in the state of [[Kerala]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p433"/><ref name=mohiniybrit/> Kathakali is another classical dance form of Kerala.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p359">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch |url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |page=359 }}</ref><ref name="claus2003p332">{{cite book|author1=Peter J. Claus|author2=Sarah Diamond|author3=Margaret Ann Mills|title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC |year=2003|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-93919-5 |pages=332–333 }}</ref> Mohiniyattam dance gets its name from the word [[Mohini]] – a historical enchantress avatar of the [[Hindu]] God [[Vishnu]], who helps the good prevail over evil by developing her feminine powers.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p433"/>{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=131–133}} | '''Mohiniyattam''', ({{lang-ml|മോഹിനിയാട്ടം}}), is an [[Indian classical dance]] form that developed and remained popular in the state of [[Kerala]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p433"/><ref name=mohiniybrit/> Kathakali is another classical dance form of Kerala.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p359">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch |url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |page=359 }}</ref><ref name="claus2003p332">{{cite book|author1=Peter J. Claus|author2=Sarah Diamond|author3=Margaret Ann Mills|title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC |year=2003|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-93919-5 |pages=332–333 }}</ref> Mohiniyattam dance gets its name from the word [[Mohini]] – a historical enchantress avatar of the [[Hindu]] God [[Vishnu]], who helps the good prevail over evil by developing her feminine powers.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p433"/>{{sfn|Reginald Massey|2004|pp=131–133}} | ||
Mohiniyattam's roots, like all classical Indian dances, are in the ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' – the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text on performance arts.<ref name=lochtefeld467/><ref>{{cite book|author=James B. Robinson|title=Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmQ_yp4vVhsC&pg=PA103|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0641-0|pages=103–105}}</ref> However, it follows the Lasya style described in ''Natya Shastra'', that is a dance which is delicate, eros-filled and feminine.<ref name=mohiniybrit/><ref name=shivaji6/> It is traditionally a [[solo dance]] performed by women after extensive training, though nowadays men can also perform the dance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/oct/07/renowned-classical-dancer-attempts-suicide-alleges-caste-gender-discrimination-2206812.html|title=Renowned classical dancer attempts suicide, alleges caste, gender discrimination|newspaper=The New Indian Express|first=Manoj|last=Viswanathan|date=7 October 2020|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/muslim-man-becomes-first-male-dancer-to-get-phd-in-mohiniyattam/story-Cs97GRMmjfehsG0aem7KCK.html|title=Muslim man becomes first male dancer to get PhD in Mohiniyattam|date=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/not-many-men-learn-mohiniyattam-rlv-ramakrishnan-is-one-of-the-few-who-do/article30969816.ece|title=RLV Ramakrishnan's love for Mohiniyattam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 March 2020|last1=Anand|first1=Shilpa Nair}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.com/life-style/spotlight/what-stops-men-from-performing-mohiniyattam/articleshow/78532554.cms|title=What stops men from performing mohiniyattam? - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The repertoire of Mohiniyattam includes music in the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] style, singing and acting a play through the dance, where the recitation may be either by a separate vocalist or the dancer themselves. The song is typically in Malayalam-Sanskrit hybrid called [[Manipravalam]].<ref name=mohiniybrit/> | Mohiniyattam's roots, like all classical Indian dances (the only known exception being Sadhiraattam- the ancient dance form practised by ethno linguistic group of tamilians), are in the ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' – the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text on performance arts.<ref name=lochtefeld467/><ref>{{cite book|author=James B. Robinson|title=Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmQ_yp4vVhsC&pg=PA103|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0641-0|pages=103–105}}</ref> However, it follows the Lasya style described in ''Natya Shastra'', that is a dance which is delicate, eros-filled and feminine.<ref name=mohiniybrit/><ref name=shivaji6/> It is traditionally a [[solo dance]] performed by women after extensive training, though nowadays men can also perform the dance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/oct/07/renowned-classical-dancer-attempts-suicide-alleges-caste-gender-discrimination-2206812.html|title=Renowned classical dancer attempts suicide, alleges caste, gender discrimination|newspaper=The New Indian Express|first=Manoj|last=Viswanathan|date=7 October 2020|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/muslim-man-becomes-first-male-dancer-to-get-phd-in-mohiniyattam/story-Cs97GRMmjfehsG0aem7KCK.html|title=Muslim man becomes first male dancer to get PhD in Mohiniyattam|date=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/not-many-men-learn-mohiniyattam-rlv-ramakrishnan-is-one-of-the-few-who-do/article30969816.ece|title=RLV Ramakrishnan's love for Mohiniyattam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 March 2020|last1=Anand|first1=Shilpa Nair}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.com/life-style/spotlight/what-stops-men-from-performing-mohiniyattam/articleshow/78532554.cms|title=What stops men from performing mohiniyattam? - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The repertoire of Mohiniyattam includes music in the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] style, singing and acting a play through the dance, where the recitation may be either by a separate vocalist or the dancer themselves. The song is typically in proto tamizh- Malayalam-Sanskrit hybrid called [[Manipravalam]].<ref name=mohiniybrit/> | ||
The earliest mention of the word is found in the 16th-century legal text ''Vyavaharamala'', but the likely roots of the dance are older.<ref name=shivaji44/> The dance was systematized in the 18th century, was ridiculed as a Devadasi [[prostitution]] system during the colonial [[British Raj]], banned by a series of laws from 1931 through 1938, a ban that was protested and partially repealed in 1940.<ref name="AnoopGulati2016p35">{{cite book|author=Justine Lemos|editor=Maratt Mythili Anoop and Varun Gulati|title=Scripting Dance in Contemporary India |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8aE8CwAAQBAJ |year=2016|publisher=Lexington|isbn=978-1-4985-0552-9 |pages=35–43}}</ref> The socio-political conflict ultimately led to renewed interest, revival and reconstruction of Mohiniyattam by the people of Kerala, particularly the poet [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]].<ref name=mohiniybrit/> | The earliest mention of the word is found in the 16th-century legal text ''Vyavaharamala'', but the likely roots of the dance are older.<ref name=shivaji44/> The dance was systematized in the 18th century, was ridiculed as a Devadasi [[prostitution]] system (partially true)during the colonial [[British Raj]], banned by a series of laws from 1931 through 1938, a ban that was protested and partially repealed in 1940.<ref name="AnoopGulati2016p35">{{cite book|author=Justine Lemos|editor=Maratt Mythili Anoop and Varun Gulati|title=Scripting Dance in Contemporary India |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8aE8CwAAQBAJ |year=2016|publisher=Lexington|isbn=978-1-4985-0552-9 |pages=35–43}}</ref> The socio-political conflict ultimately led to renewed interest, revival and reconstruction of Mohiniyattam by the people of Kerala, particularly the poet [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]].<ref name=mohiniybrit/> | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||