16,952
edits
imported>Billjones94 No edit summary |
CleanupBot (talk | contribs) m (robot: Add location, please feel free to undo or report on my talk page if you see any mistake in this edit.) |
||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox award | {{Infobox award | ||
| country = India | |||
| name = Sahitya Akademi Award | | name = Sahitya Akademi Award | ||
| image = Sahitya Akademi Award - Surjit Patar.JPG | | image = Sahitya Akademi Award - Surjit Patar.JPG | ||
Line 80: | Line 81: | ||
{{as of|2015}}, the award has been returned by many writers for various reasons. 38 recipients had announced their returning of the award in protest of the "rising intolerance in India" under the [[Modi government]] due to the incidences of murder of author [[M M Kalburgi]] and the [[2015 Dadri mob lynching|Dadri lynching incident]].<ref name="A">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sahitya-Akademi-in-a-fix-as-returned-awards-pile-up/articleshow/49603983.cms|title=Sahitya Akademi in a fix as returned awards pile up|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sahitya-akademi-protest-list-writers-who-returned-awards-over-kalburgi-murder-dadri-lynching-650241|title=Sahitya Akademi protest: Complete list of writers who returned their awards|date=13 October 2015|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Among others, Ajmer Aulakh, [[Aman Sethi]], [[G. N. Devy|Ganesh Devy]], Kum Veerabhadrappa and [[Shashi Deshpande]] have publicly announced their return of the award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/now-writers-from-punjab-gujarat-return-sahitya-akademi-awards/story-U4BAv0TfxelKf3GmSAj4aM.html|title=Now, six more writers return Sahitya Akademi awards|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> To show their condemnation Deshpande, K Satchidanandan, PK Parakkadvu and [[Aravind Malagatti]] have also resigned their posts at the Sahitya Akademi institution.<ref name="B" /> | {{as of|2015}}, the award has been returned by many writers for various reasons. 38 recipients had announced their returning of the award in protest of the "rising intolerance in India" under the [[Modi government]] due to the incidences of murder of author [[M M Kalburgi]] and the [[2015 Dadri mob lynching|Dadri lynching incident]].<ref name="A">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sahitya-Akademi-in-a-fix-as-returned-awards-pile-up/articleshow/49603983.cms|title=Sahitya Akademi in a fix as returned awards pile up|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sahitya-akademi-protest-list-writers-who-returned-awards-over-kalburgi-murder-dadri-lynching-650241|title=Sahitya Akademi protest: Complete list of writers who returned their awards|date=13 October 2015|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Among others, Ajmer Aulakh, [[Aman Sethi]], [[G. N. Devy|Ganesh Devy]], Kum Veerabhadrappa and [[Shashi Deshpande]] have publicly announced their return of the award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/now-writers-from-punjab-gujarat-return-sahitya-akademi-awards/story-U4BAv0TfxelKf3GmSAj4aM.html|title=Now, six more writers return Sahitya Akademi awards|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> To show their condemnation Deshpande, K Satchidanandan, PK Parakkadvu and [[Aravind Malagatti]] have also resigned their posts at the Sahitya Akademi institution.<ref name="B" /> | ||
The recipients who announced to return the awards include: [[Ajmer Singh Aulakh]] (Punjabi),<ref name="TOI"/> Ambika Dutt (Hindi),<ref name="33writers">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/photo-news/india/here-are-the-33-writers-who-returned-their-sahitya-akademi-awards/22/|title=Here are the 33 writers who returned their Sahitya Akademi awards|date=25 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Anil R. Joshi]] (Gujarati),<ref name="dna 2015">{{cite web | title=Another Gujarat-based writer Anil Joshi to return Sahitya Akademi award | website=dna | date=12 October 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-another-gujarat-based-writer-anil-joshi-to-return-sahitya-akademi-award-2134246 | access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> [[Ashok Vajpeyi]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/sahitya-akademi-is-not-a-govt-organisation-chairperson-responds-to-sahgal-vajpeyi-2458894.html|title=Sahitya Akademi is not a govt organisation: Chairperson responds to Sahgal, Vajpeyi|work=Firstpost|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Atamjit Singh]] (Punjabi),<ref name="TOI"/> [[Baldev Singh (author)|Baldev Singh Sadaknama]] (Punjabi),<ref name="JS">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/three-more-punjabi-writers-give-up-sahitya-akademi-award/story-Rs7SAnISWlO0RyGUTzx1BJ.html|title=Three more Punjabi writers give up Sahitya Akademi award|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Bhoopal Reddy]] (Telugu),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/Bhoopal-First-Telugu-Writer-to-Return-Akademi-Award/2015/10/17/article3083777.ece|title=Bhoopal, First Telugu Writer to Return Akademi Award|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Chaman Lal (novelist)|Chaman Lal]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hindi-translator-chaman-lal-returns-sahitya-award-odia-poet-115101301365_1.html|title=Hindi translator Chaman Lal returns Sahitya award, Odia poet|author=Press Trust of India|date=13 October 2015|work=business-standard.com|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Darshan Buttar]] (Punjabi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/sahitya-akademi-dadri-kalburgi-protest-punjabi-writers/story/1/6749.html|title=Why nine Punjabi writers have returned their Sahitya Akademi award|work=dailyo.in|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[G. N. Devy|Ganesh Devy]] (Gujarati/English),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ganesh-devy-returns-sahitya-akademi-award-says-dismayed-by-the-bodys-silence/|title=Against 'silence on intolerance', Ganesh Devy returns Akademi award|date=12 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Ghulam Nabi Khayal (Kashmiri),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/kashmiri-writer-ghulam-nabi-khayal-joins-protest-returns-sahitya-akademi-award-2465136.html|title=Kashmiri writer Ghulam Nabi Khayal joins protest, returns Sahitya Akademi award|work=Firstpost|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> GN Ranganatha Rao (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/clueless-sahitya-akademi-as-authors-return-awards-115101201132_1.html|title=Clueless Sahitya Akademi as authors return awards|author=Bhaswar Kumar|date=13 October 2015|work=business-standard.com|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Gurbachan Singh Bhullar]] (Punjabi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/three-eminent-writers-from-punjab-return-sahitya-akademi-awards/|title=Three eminent writers from Punjab return Sahitya Akademi awards|date=11 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Homen Borgohain]] (Assamese)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/india/185/details/458715/pm-silence-%E2%80%98giving-rise-to-thuggish-violence%E2%80%99|title=PM silence 'giving rise to thuggish violence'|work=Gulf-Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Jaswinder Singh (novelist)|Jaswinder Singh]] (Punjabi),<ref name="JS"/> K. Katyayani Vidhmahe (Telugu),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Kashi Nath Singh]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/up-writer-kashi-nath-singh-returns-sahitya-akademi-award_1811121.html|title=UP writer Kashi Nath Singh returns Sahitya Akademi award|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Keki N. Daruwalla]] (English),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/10/19/buddhi-shuddhi-puja-authors_n_8328488.html|title='Buddhi Shuddhi' Puja For Authors Who Have Returned Their Awards|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Krishna Sobti]] (Hindi),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Kum. Veerabhadrappa|Kumbar Veerabhadrappa]] (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyoooz.com/bengaluru/227674/malagatti-quits-akademi-kumvee-and-d-n-srinath-to-return-awards|title=Malagatti quits Akademi, Kumvee and D. N. Srinath to return awards|author=NYOOOZ|work=NYOOOZ|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Mandakranta Sen]] (Bengali),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mandakranta-sen-returns-sahitya-akademi-award/articleshow/49342558.cms|title=Mandakranta Sen returns Sahitya Akademi Award|work=The Economic Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Manglesh Dabral]] (Hindi),<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in"/> [[Marghoob Banihali]] (Kashmiri),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Mohan Bhandari (writer)|Mohan Bhandari]] (Punjabi),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Munawwar Rana]] (Urdu),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Munawwar-Rana-poet-who-returned-award-to-meet-PM-next-week/articleshow/49488458.cms|title=Munawwar Rana, poet who returned award, to meet PM next week|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Nand Bhardwaj (Rajasthani),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nand-Bhardwaj-returns-Sahitya-Akademi-award/articleshow/49401562.cms|title=Nand Bhardwaj returns Sahitya Akademi award|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Nayantara Sahgal]] (English),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/10/07/nayantara-sahgal_n_8255032.html|title=Why Nayantara Sahgal Is Returning Her Sahitya Akademi Award After 29 Years|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Nirupama Borgohain]] (Assamese),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Rahman Abbas]] (Urdu),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Rahman-Abbas-turns-down-Sahitya-Akademi-plea-wont-take-back-award/articleshow/49521534.cms|title=Rahman Abbas turns down Sahitya Akademi plea, won't take back award|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Rahamat Tarikere]] (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/did-anyone-return-awards-after-attack-on-taslima-nasreen-24600.html|title=Did anyone return awards after attack on Taslima Nasreen, asks Anupam Kher|work=India TV News|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Rajesh Joshi]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/latest-to-return-sahitya-akedemi-award-hindi-poet-rajesh-joshi/1/496509.html|title=Latest to return Sahitya Akademi award: Hindi poet Rajesh Joshi|work=intoday.in|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]] (Malayalam),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/now-malayalam-novelist-sarah-joseph-returns-her-sahitya-academy-award/|title=Now, Malayalam novelist Sarah Joseph returns her Sahitya Academy award|date=10 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Srinath DN (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/sahitya-akademi-protest-writers-returned-literary-honour-dadri-lynching-kalburgi-1898234.html|title=Sahitya Akademi protest: Know who all returned literary honour|work=www.oneindia.com|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Surjit Patar]] (Punjabi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/miscellaneous/punjabi-poet-surjit-patar-returns-sahitya-akademi-award/150406/|title=Punjabi poet Surjit Patar returns Sahitya Akademi Award|date=13 October 2015|work=The Financial Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Uday Prakash]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http:// | The recipients who announced to return the awards include: [[Ajmer Singh Aulakh]] (Punjabi),<ref name="TOI"/> Ambika Dutt (Hindi),<ref name="33writers">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/photo-news/india/here-are-the-33-writers-who-returned-their-sahitya-akademi-awards/22/|title=Here are the 33 writers who returned their Sahitya Akademi awards|date=25 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Anil R. Joshi]] (Gujarati),<ref name="dna 2015">{{cite web | title=Another Gujarat-based writer Anil Joshi to return Sahitya Akademi award | website=dna | date=12 October 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-another-gujarat-based-writer-anil-joshi-to-return-sahitya-akademi-award-2134246 | access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> [[Ashok Vajpeyi]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/sahitya-akademi-is-not-a-govt-organisation-chairperson-responds-to-sahgal-vajpeyi-2458894.html|title=Sahitya Akademi is not a govt organisation: Chairperson responds to Sahgal, Vajpeyi|work=Firstpost|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Atamjit Singh]] (Punjabi),<ref name="TOI"/> [[Baldev Singh (author)|Baldev Singh Sadaknama]] (Punjabi),<ref name="JS">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/three-more-punjabi-writers-give-up-sahitya-akademi-award/story-Rs7SAnISWlO0RyGUTzx1BJ.html|title=Three more Punjabi writers give up Sahitya Akademi award|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Bhoopal Reddy]] (Telugu),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/Bhoopal-First-Telugu-Writer-to-Return-Akademi-Award/2015/10/17/article3083777.ece|title=Bhoopal, First Telugu Writer to Return Akademi Award|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Chaman Lal (novelist)|Chaman Lal]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hindi-translator-chaman-lal-returns-sahitya-award-odia-poet-115101301365_1.html|title=Hindi translator Chaman Lal returns Sahitya award, Odia poet|author=Press Trust of India|date=13 October 2015|work=business-standard.com|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Darshan Buttar]] (Punjabi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/sahitya-akademi-dadri-kalburgi-protest-punjabi-writers/story/1/6749.html|title=Why nine Punjabi writers have returned their Sahitya Akademi award|work=dailyo.in|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[G. N. Devy|Ganesh Devy]] (Gujarati/English),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ganesh-devy-returns-sahitya-akademi-award-says-dismayed-by-the-bodys-silence/|title=Against 'silence on intolerance', Ganesh Devy returns Akademi award|date=12 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Ghulam Nabi Khayal (Kashmiri),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/kashmiri-writer-ghulam-nabi-khayal-joins-protest-returns-sahitya-akademi-award-2465136.html|title=Kashmiri writer Ghulam Nabi Khayal joins protest, returns Sahitya Akademi award|work=Firstpost|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> GN Ranganatha Rao (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/clueless-sahitya-akademi-as-authors-return-awards-115101201132_1.html|title=Clueless Sahitya Akademi as authors return awards|author=Bhaswar Kumar|date=13 October 2015|work=business-standard.com|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Gurbachan Singh Bhullar]] (Punjabi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/three-eminent-writers-from-punjab-return-sahitya-akademi-awards/|title=Three eminent writers from Punjab return Sahitya Akademi awards|date=11 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Homen Borgohain]] (Assamese)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/india/185/details/458715/pm-silence-%E2%80%98giving-rise-to-thuggish-violence%E2%80%99|title=PM silence 'giving rise to thuggish violence'|work=Gulf-Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Jaswinder Singh (novelist)|Jaswinder Singh]] (Punjabi),<ref name="JS"/> K. Katyayani Vidhmahe (Telugu),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Kashi Nath Singh]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/up-writer-kashi-nath-singh-returns-sahitya-akademi-award_1811121.html|title=UP writer Kashi Nath Singh returns Sahitya Akademi award|work=Zee News|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Keki N. Daruwalla]] (English),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/10/19/buddhi-shuddhi-puja-authors_n_8328488.html|title='Buddhi Shuddhi' Puja For Authors Who Have Returned Their Awards|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Krishna Sobti]] (Hindi),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Kum. Veerabhadrappa|Kumbar Veerabhadrappa]] (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyoooz.com/bengaluru/227674/malagatti-quits-akademi-kumvee-and-d-n-srinath-to-return-awards|title=Malagatti quits Akademi, Kumvee and D. N. Srinath to return awards|author=NYOOOZ|work=NYOOOZ|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Mandakranta Sen]] (Bengali),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mandakranta-sen-returns-sahitya-akademi-award/articleshow/49342558.cms|title=Mandakranta Sen returns Sahitya Akademi Award|work=The Economic Times|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Manglesh Dabral]] (Hindi),<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in"/> [[Marghoob Banihali]] (Kashmiri),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Mohan Bhandari (writer)|Mohan Bhandari]] (Punjabi),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Munawwar Rana]] (Urdu),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Munawwar-Rana-poet-who-returned-award-to-meet-PM-next-week/articleshow/49488458.cms|title=Munawwar Rana, poet who returned award, to meet PM next week|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Nand Bhardwaj (Rajasthani),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nand-Bhardwaj-returns-Sahitya-Akademi-award/articleshow/49401562.cms|title=Nand Bhardwaj returns Sahitya Akademi award|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Nayantara Sahgal]] (English),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/10/07/nayantara-sahgal_n_8255032.html|title=Why Nayantara Sahgal Is Returning Her Sahitya Akademi Award After 29 Years|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Nirupama Borgohain]] (Assamese),<ref name="33writers"/> [[Rahman Abbas]] (Urdu),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Rahman-Abbas-turns-down-Sahitya-Akademi-plea-wont-take-back-award/articleshow/49521534.cms|title=Rahman Abbas turns down Sahitya Akademi plea, won't take back award|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Rahamat Tarikere]] (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/did-anyone-return-awards-after-attack-on-taslima-nasreen-24600.html|title=Did anyone return awards after attack on Taslima Nasreen, asks Anupam Kher|work=India TV News|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Rajesh Joshi]] (Hindi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/latest-to-return-sahitya-akedemi-award-hindi-poet-rajesh-joshi/1/496509.html|title=Latest to return Sahitya Akademi award: Hindi poet Rajesh Joshi|work=intoday.in|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Sarah Joseph (author)|Sarah Joseph]] (Malayalam),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/now-malayalam-novelist-sarah-joseph-returns-her-sahitya-academy-award/|title=Now, Malayalam novelist Sarah Joseph returns her Sahitya Academy award|date=10 October 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> Srinath DN (Kannada),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/sahitya-akademi-protest-writers-returned-literary-honour-dadri-lynching-kalburgi-1898234.html|title=Sahitya Akademi protest: Know who all returned literary honour|work=www.oneindia.com|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Surjit Patar]] (Punjabi),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/miscellaneous/punjabi-poet-surjit-patar-returns-sahitya-akademi-award/150406/|title=Punjabi poet Surjit Patar returns Sahitya Akademi Award|date=13 October 2015|work=The Financial Express|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> [[Uday Prakash]] (Hindi),<ref name="sahitya-akademi.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp|title=SAHITYA : Akademi Awards |work=sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/10/14/sahitya-akademi-protest_n_8291074.html|title=PHOTOS: All The Dissenting Sahitya Akademi Awardees And Their Prize-Winning Works|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> and [[Waryam Singh Sandhu]] (Punjabi).<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/5-Punjabi-writers-join-protest-return-awards/articleshow/49318087.cms|title=5 Punjabi writers join protest, return awards|work=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2015}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== |