Bharmal: Difference between revisions

| name           = Bharmal

| title         = [[Raja]] of [[Jaipur State|Amber]]

| image         =

| caption       = Raja Bharmal of Amber

| reign         = 1 June 1548 – 27 January 1574

| coronation     =  

| predecessor   = [[Askaran]]

| successor     = [[Bhagwant Das]]

| spouse         = {{plainlist|

| spouse-type   = Wives

| issue         = {{plainlist|

* [[Bhagwant Das]] (1537–1589)

* [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]] (1542-1623)

* Jaggnath Singh (1540–1612)

* Raj Singh (1544–1582)

| father         = Raja [[Prithviraj Singh I]]

| mother         = Rani Apoorva Devi

| birth_date =  

| birth_place = [[Amer, India|Amer]], [[Jaipur State|Amber]]

| death_date = 27 January 1574

| death_place = [[Agra]], [[Mughal Empire]]

| place of burial= [[Amer Fort]]

|}}

Raja '''Bharmal''', also known as '''Bihari Mal''', '''Bhagmal''' and '''Bihar Mal''', (c. 1498 – 27 January 1574) was a [[Rajput]] ruler of [[Amber, India|Amer]], which was later known as [[Jaipur]], in the present-day [[Rajasthan]] state of India.

Bharmal was the fourth son of Raja [[Prithviraj Singh I|Prithviraj]] or Prithvi Singh I of Amer (r. 17 January 1503 – 4 November 1527) , and [[Queen regnant|Rani]] Apoorva Devi or Bala Bai of the [[Rathore]] clan, the daughter of [[Lunkaran|Rao Lunkaran]] of the [[Bikaner]] royal family.<ref name="sarkar31-34"/>

Puranmal was succeeded by his younger brother [[Bhim Singh of Amber|Bhim Singh]] (r.1534 - 22 July 1537), the next eldest son of Rani Apoorva Devi. The dispossessed Sujamal took shelter with the Tanwar royal family. Bhim Singh was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Ratan Singh of Amber|Ratan Singh]] (r. 1537 - 15 May 1548). He was killed by his half-brother [[Askaran]], who became the king next day. But the nobles of Amber joined to depose him and on 1 June 1548, aged around 50, Bharmal became the ruler of Amer.<ref name="sarkar31-34">{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |orig-year=1984 |edition=Reprinted |year=1994 |title=A History of Jaipur |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |pages=31–34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31 }}</ref>

When Bharmal's eldest brother Puranmal succeeded the throne in 1527, the political scenario was very uncertain. The Rajput confederacy led by Rana Sanga suffered great loss in the battle of Khanua. The Mughal power was not firmly established in India. There were other Muslim rulers, who were gaining power to oust Humayun, the son of [[Babur]] out of India. [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]] and [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Khan]] (later Sher Shah Suri) were prominent among them.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

Puranmal was the first person to realize that Mughals were trustworthy. They were not like the old stock of Muslim rulers. It was Puranmal who first offered services of Rajputs to Mughals. Thus, [[Kachwaha]]s became the first allies of Mughals in [[Rajputana]]. Bharmal's policy towards Mughals was an extension of his brother's policy.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

Bahadur Shah was pursuing a policy of expansion. He helped and sent Tatar Khan Lodi to occupy the fort of [[Bayana]]. He occupied the fort of Bayana which was under Mughal occupation since the time of Babur. Humayun sent his brothers [[Askari Mirza]] and [[Hindal Mirza]] to recapture the fort. Puranmal, then Raja of Amer, fought in the battle called the Battle of Mandrail in favour of Mughals in 1534.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

It appears from the recorded history that he did not inherit his father according to the principles laid down by [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]]. Instead he was a collective choice from all the Kachwahas, dominated at that time by [[Bara Kotris]]. The wise emperor [[Akbar]] pursued a liberal policy towards his [[Hindu]] subjects and Raja Bharmal's descendants offered their services to Mughals which became a strong empire, due to Kachwaha support. The [[Dhundhar]] region of Rajputana never faced a war until [[Aurangzeb]]'s reign.

When Sharaf-ud-din was preparing to invade Amber again, Bharmal met Akbar's courtier, Chaghtai Khan. Luckily for the Raja of Amer, Akbar was at Karavali (a village near [[Agra]]) on his way from Agra to [[Ajmer]] (on a pilgrimage to the ''dargah'' of [[Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti]]), Chaghtai Khan pleaded on behalf of Bharmal for his protection, which he agreed and summoned the Raja to his court. Accordingly, the latter's brother, Rupsi Bairagi and his son, Jaimal, met Akbar at [[Dausa]] and Bharmal himself met Akbar at his camp at [[Sanganer]] on 20 January 1562.

Chaghtai Khan introduced Bharmal and his relatives, who proposed to give his eldest daughter, [[Mariam-uz-Zamani|Hira Kunwari]], in marriage to Akbar. Akbar consented and ordered Chaghtai Khan to make the necessary arrangements.  Upon Akbar's arrival in [[Sambhar, Rajasthan|Sambhar]] on his return journey from Ajmer, Mirza surrendered his hostages Jagannath, Raj Singh and Khangar to Akbar. Bharmal also reached Sambhar and on 6 February 1562, his daughter was married to Akbar.

* [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] portrayed Raja bharmal in the 2008 film ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' directed by [[Ashutosh Gowarikar]].

|13= Rang Kanwar of [[Pugal]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Saran |first1=Richard |last2=Ziegler |first2=Norman P. |title=The Meṛtīyo Rāṭhoṛs of Meṛto, Rājasthān: Biographical notes with introduction, glossary of kinship terms and indexes |year=2001 |page=194 |isbn=9780891480853 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QVuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22His+mother+was+Bhatiyanl+Ranl+Rangkumvar,+the+daughter+of+Bhatl+Rav+Sekho+of+pugal%22&dq=%22His+mother+was+Bhatiyanl+Ranl+Rangkumvar,+the+daughter+of+Bhatl+Rav+Sekho+of+pugal%22 }}</ref>