Bombay night frog: Difference between revisions

| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Anand Padhye, Anandanarayanan, Varad Giri |date=2004 |title=''Nyctibatrachus humayuni'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T58398A11767921 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58398A11767921.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

The '''[[Bombay]] night frog''' (also '''Abdulali's wrinkled frog''', '''Abdulali's night frog''', '''Humayun's wrinkled frog'''; scientific name '''''Nyctibatrachus humayuni''''') is a [[species]] of [[frog]] in the family [[Nyctibatrachidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[Maharashtra]] state, [[India]]. The species is found near torrential hill streams in tropical moist evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, a habitat that is threatened by habitat loss and pollution.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /><ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=names&taxon=Nyctibatrachus+humayuni |title=''Nyctibatrachus humayuni'' Bhaduri and Kripalani, 1955 |author=Darrel R. Frost |year=2013 |work=Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> Its name honours [[Humayun Abdulali]], an Indian biologist.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bhaduri|author2=Kriplani|title=''Nyctibatrachus humayuni'', a new frog from the Western Ghats, Bombay|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|year=1955|volume=52|issue=3|pages=852–857}}</ref>

''N. humayuni'' is found in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], in the [[Western Ghats]], and in [[Goa]] and [[Karnataka]] states at elevations of {{convert|200|to|1200|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. Part of its range is in the [[Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary]] and the [[Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> It lives in or near fast-flowing, rocky, mountain streams where it hides under rocks and in crevices. It favours forested areas with dense vegetation hanging over the water, and is sometimes found at forest edges away from streams.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /> It has been found in a large cave near [[Mahabaleshwar]], occupying a cave [[ecosystem]] alongside Beddome's leaping frog (''[[Indirana beddomii]]''). The cave has a stream flowing through it, and the numerous fulvous fruit bats (''[[Rousettus leschenaulti]]'') that roost there have created a deep bed of [[guano|bat droppings]], which is inhabited by many invertebrates on which the frogs feed.<ref>{{cite news |title='Robbers' Cave' has complete ecosystem, say experts |author=Swati Shinde Gole |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Robbers-Cave-has-complete-ecosystem-say-experts/articleshow/7565931.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2011-02-24 |accessdate=2012-10-19}}</ref>

Although locally common, the number of ''Nyctibatrachus humayuni'' frogs is declining slowly. The species is listed as "[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]]" in the [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] because its range is fragmented and amounts to a total area smaller than {{convert|20000|km2|abbr=on}}. Its habitat is being degraded by deforestation, agricultural activities, pollution, and disturbance by humans.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" />