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{{ | {{Short description|Jain dynasty ruling in the Tulu Nadu region}} | ||
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The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[ | The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[Sthānakavāsī|Sthanakwasi]] [[Jainism|Jain]] dynasty that ruled parts of the [[Tulu Nadu]] region during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries.<ref>34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud">{{cite book |last1=Hinge |first1=Shrinivas |title=Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud |date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781645872962 |pages=140 |edition=Paperback |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/INDIANS_MUST_KNOW/qF2mDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT71&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book |last1=Ponvannan |first1=Gayathri |title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women |date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=9789388322010 |pages=272 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/> | The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century due to Islamic conquests. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book |last1=Ponvannan |first1=Gayathri |title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women |date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=9789388322010 |pages=272 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/> | ||
They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige. | They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige. | ||
===Decline=== | ===Decline=== | ||
The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan|work=January 2002|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref> | The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties and also had to give up most of their territory. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan|work=January 2002|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||