.svg)
6
edits
Malabar Independent Syrian Church: Difference between revisions
m
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
imported>FrescoBot m (Bot: link syntax) |
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Independent Church in India}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}} | ||
| Line 10: | Line 11: | ||
| theology = [[Miaphysite]] | | theology = [[Miaphysite]] | ||
| polity = | | polity = | ||
| founder = Kattumanghattu Abraham | | founder = [[Abraham Mar Koorilos I|Kattumanghattu Abraham Mar Koorilos I]] | ||
| leader_title = Metropolitan | | leader_title = Metropolitan | ||
| leader_name = [[Cyril Mar | | leader_name = [[Cyril Mar Baselios I]] | ||
| founded_date = 1772 | | founded_date = 1772 | ||
| separated_from = [[Malankara Church]] | | separated_from = [[Malankara Church]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 32: | ||
| tertiary = | | tertiary = | ||
| other_names = Thozhyur Sabha <br />Anjoor Church | | other_names = Thozhyur Sabha <br />Anjoor Church | ||
|website=}} | |website= [http://misc.co.in/ Official Website]}} | ||
The '''Malabar Independent Syrian Church''' | The '''Malabar Independent Syrian Church (MISC)''' also known as the '''Thozhiyur Church''', is a Christian church centred in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is one of the churches of the [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community, which traces its origins to the evangelical activity of [[Thomas the Apostle]] in the 1st century. | ||
This group split off from the main body of India's [[Malankara Church]] in 1772 and was confirmed as an independent church with its current name after a high court verdict in 1862.<ref>{{cite book |title=The forgotten bishops : the Malabar Independent Syrian Church and its place in the story of the St. Thomas Christians of South India |year=2009 |publisher=Gorgias Press |isbn=978-1-60724-619-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Misc – Malabar Independent Syrian Church |url=http://misc.co.in/about-the-congregation/#history}}</ref> Although the church is independent under the [[Malankara Church|Malankara]] umbrella, the church faith and traditions are strictly [[Oriental Orthodox]], adhering to the [[West Syriac Rite]] and consistently using western [[Syriac language|Syriac]] and [[Malayalam]] during the [[Holy Qurobo|Holy Qurbono]] (Qurbono Qadisho). The Eucharistic Celebration is popularly known as Holy Qurbana due to the historical influence of the [[Church of the East]]. | This group split off from the main body of India's [[Malankara Church]] in 1772 and was confirmed as an independent church with its current name after a high court verdict in 1862.<ref>{{cite book |title=The forgotten bishops : the Malabar Independent Syrian Church and its place in the story of the St. Thomas Christians of South India |year=2009 |publisher=Gorgias Press |isbn=978-1-60724-619-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Misc – Malabar Independent Syrian Church |url=http://misc.co.in/about-the-congregation/#history}}</ref> Although the church is independent under the [[Malankara Church|Malankara]] umbrella, the church faith and traditions are strictly [[Oriental Orthodox]], adhering to the [[West Syriac Rite]] and consistently using western [[Syriac language|Syriac]] and [[Malayalam]] during the [[Holy Qurobo|Holy Qurbono]] (Qurbono Qadisho). The Eucharistic Celebration is popularly known as Holy Qurbana due to the historical influence of the [[Church of the East]]. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 50: | ||
However, relations between the Syriac Orthodox hierarchy and the native clergy were sometimes strained. In 1772 Bishop Mar Gregorios, a representative of the Syriac Orthodox hierarchy from the Middle East, had grown dissatisfied with how the Metropolitan [[Mar Dionysius I]] had treated him. Against Dionysius' wishes, Gregorios consecrated as bishop a leading dissenter, the monk Kattumangatt Kurien, in a secret but canonically legitimate ceremony. The new bishop took the name Mar Cyril (Koorilos), and he was designated Gregorios' sole heir.<ref name="Neill70">Neill, p. 70.</ref> | However, relations between the Syriac Orthodox hierarchy and the native clergy were sometimes strained. In 1772 Bishop Mar Gregorios, a representative of the Syriac Orthodox hierarchy from the Middle East, had grown dissatisfied with how the Metropolitan [[Mar Dionysius I]] had treated him. Against Dionysius' wishes, Gregorios consecrated as bishop a leading dissenter, the monk Kattumangatt Kurien, in a secret but canonically legitimate ceremony. The new bishop took the name Mar Cyril (Koorilos), and he was designated Gregorios' sole heir.<ref name="Neill70">Neill, p. 70.</ref> | ||
Cyril claimed authority over the parishes of [[Cochin]], and initially received the support of the [[Raja]] of Cochin. However, Dionysus saw him as a threat to his power, and in 1774 he appealed to the Raja and to the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] authorities in India to suppress the rival bishop.<ref name=Neill70/><ref name="Vadakkekara92">Vadakkekara, p. 92.</ref> Cyril left for [[Thozhiyoor]], Kerala outside their jurisdiction, and established what would become an independent church.<ref name="Burgess">Burgess, p. 175.</ref> This was the first of several groups to split from the [[Malankara Church]].<ref name=Vadakkekara92/> | Cyril claimed authority over the parishes of [[Cochin]], and initially received the support of the [[Raja]] of Cochin. However, Dionysus saw him as a threat to his power, and in 1774 he appealed to the Raja and to the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] authorities in India to suppress the rival bishop.<ref name=Neill70/><ref name="Vadakkekara92">Vadakkekara, p. 92.</ref> Cyril left for [[Thozhiyoor]], Kerala outside their jurisdiction, and established what would become an independent church.<ref name="Burgess">Burgess, p. 175.</ref> This was the first of several groups to split from the [[Malankara Church]].<ref name=Vadakkekara92/> | ||
Cyril's church was always small, but maintained stability by attracting devoted priests and emphasizing regularity in the ecclesiastical order. In 1794 Cyril consecrated his brother Geevarghese as bishop; Geevarghese succeeded Cyril as Mar Cyril II in 1802, and the succession has proceeded unbroken since.<ref name=Neill70/> | Cyril's church was always small, but maintained stability by attracting devoted priests and emphasizing regularity in the ecclesiastical order. In 1794 Cyril consecrated his brother Geevarghese as bishop; Geevarghese succeeded Cyril as Mar Cyril II in 1802, and the succession has proceeded unbroken since.<ref name=Neill70/> | ||
As a result of an 1862 court case, the [[Madras]] High Court confirmed the Thozhiyur church was an independent Malankara church, and it has subsequently been known as the Malabar Independent Syrian Church.<ref name=Burgess/> | As a result of an 1862 court case, the [[Madras]] High Court confirmed the Thozhiyur church was an independent Malankara church, and it has subsequently been known as the Malabar Independent Syrian Church.<ref name=Burgess/> | ||
| Line 60: | Line 61: | ||
Malabar Independent Syrian Church is a member of the [[Christian Conference of Asia]], the Council of Churches in India, and the Kerala Council of Churches. Other ecumenical links have been developed, not least with the [[Anglican]] and [[Lutheran]] Churches. This has been facilitated through a support group based in [[England]], which is a registered charitable trust.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malabar Independent Syrian Church Support Charity |url=https://beta.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regid=1059966&subid=0 |website=beta.charitycommission.gov.uk}}</ref> In 1998 and 2008, Thozhiyur Church Metropolitans were ecumenical observers at the [[Lambeth Conference]] of Anglican bishops. In July 2006 Mar Koorilose IX and Mar Basilios I participated as [[Consecrator|co-consecrator]]s in the episcopal ordination of Paul Hunt and John Fenwick as bishops of the [[Free Church of England]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bishops' Visit to India |url=https://fcofe.org.uk/2018/10/28/bishops-visit-to-india/ |website=The Free Church of England |date=28 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fenwick |first1=John R. K. |title=Malabar Independent Syrian Church The Thozhiyur Church |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malabar-Independent-Syrian-Church}}</ref> | Malabar Independent Syrian Church is a member of the [[Christian Conference of Asia]], the Council of Churches in India, and the Kerala Council of Churches. Other ecumenical links have been developed, not least with the [[Anglican]] and [[Lutheran]] Churches. This has been facilitated through a support group based in [[England]], which is a registered charitable trust.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malabar Independent Syrian Church Support Charity |url=https://beta.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regid=1059966&subid=0 |website=beta.charitycommission.gov.uk}}</ref> In 1998 and 2008, Thozhiyur Church Metropolitans were ecumenical observers at the [[Lambeth Conference]] of Anglican bishops. In July 2006 Mar Koorilose IX and Mar Basilios I participated as [[Consecrator|co-consecrator]]s in the episcopal ordination of Paul Hunt and John Fenwick as bishops of the [[Free Church of England]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bishops' Visit to India |url=https://fcofe.org.uk/2018/10/28/bishops-visit-to-india/ |website=The Free Church of England |date=28 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fenwick |first1=John R. K. |title=Malabar Independent Syrian Church The Thozhiyur Church |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malabar-Independent-Syrian-Church}}</ref> | ||
==Metropolitans== | ==Thozhiyur Metropolitans== | ||
The Metropolitans of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church: | The Metropolitans of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church: | ||
*[[Abraham Mar Koorilos I]] (1772–1802) | *[[Abraham Mar Koorilos I]] (1772–1802) | ||
*Geevargheese Mar Koorilose II (1802-1808) | *[[Geevargheese Mar Koorilose II]] (1802-1808) | ||
*Joseph Mar Evaniose (1807 6 months only) | *[[Joseph Mar Evaniose]] (1807-6)months only) | ||
*Zacharia Mar Philexenos I (1807–1811) | *[[Zacharia Mar Philexenos I]](1807–1811) | ||
*Geevarghese Mar Philexenos II (1811–1829) | *[[Geevarghese Mar Philexenos II]] (1811–1829) | ||
*Geevarghese Mar Koorilose III (1829–1856) | *[[Geevarghese Mar Koorilose III]] (1829–1856) | ||
*Joseph Mar Koorilose IV (1856–1888) | *[[Joseph Mar Koorilose IV]] (1856–1888) | ||
*Joseph Mar Athanasius I (1888–1898) | *[[Joseph Mar Athanasius I]] (1888–1898) | ||
*Geevarghese Mar Koorilose V (1898–1935) | *[[Geevarghese Mar Koorilose V]] (1898–1935) | ||
*Kuriakose Mar Koorilose VI (1935–1947) | *[[Kuriakose Mar Koorilose VI]] (1935–1947) | ||
*Geevarghese Mar Koorilose VII (1948–1967) | *[[Geevarghese Mar Koorilose VII]] (1948–1967) | ||
*Paulose Mar Philexenos III (1967–1977) <small>(joined the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] and replaced)</small> | *[[Paulose Mar Philexenos III]] (1967–1977) <small>(joined the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] and replaced)</small> | ||
*Mathews Mar Koorilose VIII (1978–1986) | *[[Mathews Mar Koorilose VIII]] (1978–1986) | ||
*Joseph Mar Koorilose IX (1986-2001) | *[[Joseph Mar Koorilose IX]] (1986-2001) | ||
*[[Cyril Mar Baselios I]] ( | *[[Cyril Mar Baselios I]] (2001–present) | ||
==Institutions== | ==Institutions== | ||
===Parishes=== | ===Parishes=== | ||
*St. George's Cathedral Church, Thozhiyur, [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]]. | *[[St. George's Cathedral Church, Thozhiyur]], [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]]. | ||
*St. George's Church, [[Perambur]], Cooks Rd., [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. | *St. George's Church, [[Perambur]], Cooks Rd., [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. | ||
*St. Thomas' Church, [[Kunnamkulam]], Guravayur Rd., [[Thrissur]] Dt. | *St. Thomas' Church, [[Kunnamkulam]], Guravayur Rd., [[Thrissur]] Dt. | ||
| Line 88: | Line 89: | ||
*St. Adhai's Church, Porkulam, Pazhanji, [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]]. | *St. Adhai's Church, Porkulam, Pazhanji, [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]]. | ||
*St. Mary's Church, Pazhanji, [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]]. | *St. Mary's Church, Pazhanji, [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]]. | ||
*St. George Church, Kallumpuram | *St. George's Church, Kallumpuram, [[Thrissur]] Dt., [[Kerala]] | ||
*St. Augin's Church, [[Chalissery]], [[Palakkad]] Dt., [[Kerala]] | *St. Augin's Church, [[Chalissery]], [[Palakkad]] Dt., [[Kerala]] | ||
*St. Mary's church, Perummannoor, [[Palakkad]] Dt., [[Kerala]] | *St. Mary's church, Perummannoor, [[Palakkad]] Dt., [[Kerala]] | ||
| Line 116: | Line 117: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Abraham Mar Koorilos I]] | |||
* [[Geevargheese Mar Koorilose II]] | |||
* [[Geevarghese Mar Philexenos II]] | |||
* [[Oriental Orthodox Church]] | * [[Oriental Orthodox Church]] | ||
* [[Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]] | * [[Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]] | ||
| Line 124: | Line 128: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* {{Cite book|last1=Baum|first1=Wilhelm|author-link1=Wilhelm Baum|last2=Winkler|first2=Dietmar W.|title=The Church of the East: A Concise History|year=2003|location=London-New York|publisher=Routledge-Curzon|isbn=9781134430192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnSCAgAAQBAJ}} | * {{Cite book|last1=Baum|first1=Wilhelm|author-link1=Wilhelm Baum (historian)|last2=Winkler|first2=Dietmar W.|title=The Church of the East: A Concise History|year=2003|location=London-New York|publisher=Routledge-Curzon|isbn=9781134430192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnSCAgAAQBAJ}} | ||
* {{Cite book |title=The Eastern Orthodox Churches|last= Burgess|first= Michael |year= 2005 |publisher= McFarland|isbn= 0-7864-2145-2}} | * {{Cite book |title=The Eastern Orthodox Churches|last= Burgess|first= Michael |year= 2005 |publisher= McFarland|isbn= 0-7864-2145-2}} | ||
* {{Cite book|last=Frykenberg|first=Robert Eric|title=Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present|year=2008|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198263777|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXgSDAAAQBAJ}} | * {{Cite book|last=Frykenberg|first=Robert Eric|title=Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present|year=2008|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198263777|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXgSDAAAQBAJ}} | ||
| Line 132: | Line 136: | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
The following are Malayalam | * {{Cite book|last=Fenwick|first=John R. K.|title=The Forgotten Bishops: The Malabar Independent Syrian Church and Its Place in the Story of the St. Thomas Christians of South India|publisher=[[Gorgias Press]]|year=2009|isbn=9781607246190}} | ||
*Mathew, N.M. (2007) | |||
*Kochumon, M.P. | The following are works in [[Malayalam]]: | ||
*Porkulam, A.K.C | *Mathew, N.M. (2007) ''Malankara Marthoma Sabha Charitram'', (History of the Marthoma Church), Volume 1.(2006) and Volume II (2007). Pub. E.J.Institute, Thiruvalla. | ||
*Varughese, Rev.K.C. | *Kochumon, M.P. (1995) Parisuddha Kattumangatte Bavamar. (The saintly bishops of Kattumangattu). Pub. By Most Rev.Joseph Mar Koorilose Metropolitan. | ||
*Porkulam, A.K.C. (2003) Parisudha Kattumangatte Bavamar Thiruvachanathiludey. (St. Kattumangattu bishops through the Bible), Trissur. | |||
*Varughese, Rev. K.C. (1972) ''Malabar Swathantra Suryani Sabhyude Charitram'' (History of the Malankar Independednt Suryani Church). | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://misc.co.in/ Official | * [http://misc.co.in/ Official website] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021213025524/http://www.malabar.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/index.html Malabar Independent Syrian Church] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021213025524/http://www.malabar.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/index.html Malabar Independent Syrian Church] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060515061818/http://indianchristianity.org/thozhiyur.html Thozhiyur at indianchristianity.org] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060515061818/http://indianchristianity.org/thozhiyur.html Thozhiyur at indianchristianity.org] | ||