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Haryana: Difference between revisions
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| area_total_km2 = 44212 | | area_total_km2 = 44212 | ||
| area_rank = [[List of states and territories of India by area|21st]] | | area_rank = [[List of states and territories of India by area|21st]] | ||
| population_total = | | population_total = 25351462 | ||
| population_as_of = 2011 | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes = | | population_footnotes = | ||
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| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-xx | | registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-xx | ||
| demographics_type2 = GSDP {{nobold|(2020–21)}} | | demographics_type2 = GSDP {{nobold|(2020–21)}} | ||
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="Survey1">{{cite web|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/esurvey.pdf|title=Economic Survey of Haryana 2020-21|work=[[Government of Haryana]]|pages= | | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="Survey1">{{cite web|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/esurvey.pdf|title=Economic Survey of Haryana 2020-21|work=[[Government of Haryana]]|pages=2–3|date=1 February 2022|access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| demographics2_title1 = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|Total]] | | demographics2_title1 = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|Total]] | ||
| demographics2_info1 = {{INRConvert|7.65|t|lk=r}} | | demographics2_info1 = {{INRConvert|7.65|t|lk=r}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Haryana''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ʌr|i|ˈ|ɑː|n|ə}}; {{IPA-hi|ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː|lang}}) is an [[India|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] located in the northern | '''Haryana''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ʌr|i|ˈ|ɑː|n|ə}}; {{IPA-hi|ɦəɾɪˈjɑːɳɑː|lang}}) is an [[India|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of [[East Punjab]] on 1 November 1966 on a [[linguistic]] basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% ({{cvt|44212|km2|disp=or}}) of India's land area.<ref name="profile" /><ref name="harec1" /> The state capital is [[Chandigarh]], which it shares with the neighboring state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and the most populous city is [[Faridabad]], which is a part of the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]]. The city of [[Gurgaon]] is among India's largest financial and technology hubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ncr-food-hub-dlf-phase-v-one-horizon-centre-whisky-samba-lifefd/1/913271.html|title=This is NCR's new foodie magnet; have you been yet?|work=[[India Today]]|date=26 March 2017|access-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422134055/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ncr-food-hub-dlf-phase-v-one-horizon-centre-whisky-samba-lifefd/1/913271.html|archive-date=22 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana has 6 [[Divisions of Haryana|administrative divisions]], 22 [[List of districts of Haryana|districts]], 72 sub-divisions, 93 [[tehsil|revenue tehsil]]s, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 [[Community development block in India|community development block]]s, 154 [[List of cities in Haryana by population|cities and towns]], 7,356 villages, and 6,222 [[Gram panchayat|villages panchayats]].<ref name="harec1" />{{sfn|NIDM|p=4}} | ||
Haryana contains 32 [[special economic zone]]s (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region.<ref name="harec1" /><ref name=harec2/> [[Gurgaon]] is considered one of the major [[information technology]] and [[automobile]] hubs of India.<ref name=IT3>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurugram among top 5 IT hubs in Asia Pacific|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|access-date=28 May 2019|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=28 May 2019|agency=}}</ref><ref name=percapita3>{{cite news|last=Julka|first=Harsimran|title=IT firms looking beyond Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|access-date=2 October 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=30 September 2011|agency=ET Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|ranks 11th]] among Indian states in [[human development index]].<ref name="snhdi-gdl" /> The [[economy of Haryana]] is the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|13th largest]] in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of {{INRConvert|7.65|t|lk=r}} and has the country's [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|5th-highest GSDP per capita]] of {{INRConvert|240|k}}.<ref name="Survey1"/> Haryana has the highest [[unemployment rate]] among Indian states.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unemployment Rate in India |url=https://unemploymentinindia.cmie.com/ |publisher=[[Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy]] |page=1 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref> | Haryana contains 32 [[special economic zone]]s (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corridor projects connecting the National Capital Region.<ref name="harec1" /><ref name=harec2/> [[Gurgaon]] is considered one of the major [[information technology]] and [[automobile]] hubs of India.<ref name=IT3>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Gurugram among top 5 IT hubs in Asia Pacific|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurugram-among-top-5-it-hubs-in-asia-pacific/story-JKwwaSNvsf4Os3AQAAha6L.html|access-date=28 May 2019|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=28 May 2019|agency=}}</ref><ref name=percapita3>{{cite news|last=Julka|first=Harsimran|title=IT firms looking beyond Gurgaon, Noida, Greater Noida to other cities in north India|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|access-date=2 October 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=30 September 2011|agency=ET Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-30/news/30228817_1_gurgaon-satellite-towns-noida|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Haryana [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|ranks 11th]] among Indian states in [[human development index]].<ref name="snhdi-gdl" /> The [[economy of Haryana]] is the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|13th largest]] in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of {{INRConvert|7.65|t|lk=r}} and has the country's [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|5th-highest GSDP per capita]] of {{INRConvert|240|k}}.<ref name="Survey1"/> Haryana has the highest [[unemployment rate]] among Indian states.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unemployment Rate in India |url=https://unemploymentinindia.cmie.com/ |publisher=[[Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy]] |page=1 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref> | ||
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post- [[Mahabharata]] period here lived the [[Abhiras]] | Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post- [[Mahabharata]] period here lived the [[Abhiras]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Muni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cgCAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras|title=Haryana: On High Road to Prosperity|date=1974|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=978-0-7069-0290-7|language=en}}</ref> who developed special skills in the art of agriculture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Punia|first=Bijender K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7d3rX5jr1WQC&dq=abhira+name+haryana&pg=PA18|title=Tourism Management: Problems and Prospects|date=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-643-5|language=en}}</ref> According to Pran Nath Chopra Haryana got its name from Abhirayana-Ahirayana-Hirayana-Haryana.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Abhirayana%3DAhirayana%3DHirayana%3D|title=Religions and Communities of India|date=1982|publisher=Vision Books|isbn=978-0-391-02748-0|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=350|caption_align=center | {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=350|caption_align=center | ||
| align = left | | align = left | ||
| image1 = Skeleton harappa.JPG|caption1=A skeleton from [[Rakhigarhi]], possibly the largest [[Indus Valley | | image1 = Skeleton harappa.JPG|caption1=A skeleton from [[Rakhigarhi]], possibly the largest [[Indus Valley civilisation]] site and dated at over 9,000 years old.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |title = Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 27 March 2014|last1 = Subramanian|first1 = T. S.}}</ref> The skeleton is on display in the [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]]. | ||
| image2 = Kurukshetra.jpg|caption2=Manuscript illustration of the [[Battle of Kurukshetra]], which is a war described in the [[Indian epic]] poem ''[[Mahābhārata]]''. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle between two groups of cousins, the [[Kaurava]]s and [[Pandava]]s, for the throne of [[Hastinapura]] in an Indian kingdom called [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]]. | | image2 = Kurukshetra.jpg|caption2=Manuscript illustration of the [[Battle of Kurukshetra]], which is a war described in the [[Indian epic]] poem ''[[Mahābhārata]]''. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle between two groups of cousins, the [[Kaurava]]s and [[Pandava]]s, for the throne of [[Hastinapura]] in an Indian kingdom called [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]]. | ||
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[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its capital at [[Thanesar]]. [[Harsha]] was a prominent king of the dynasty. [[Tomara dynasty]] ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. [[Anangpal Tomar]] was a prominent king among the Tomaras.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Explained: The legacy of Tomar king Anangpal II and his connection with Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|access-date=6 May 2021|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> | [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its capital at [[Thanesar]]. [[Harsha]] was a prominent king of the dynasty. [[Tomara dynasty]] ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. [[Anangpal Tomar]] was a prominent king among the Tomaras.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Explained: The legacy of Tomar king Anangpal II and his connection with Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|access-date=6 May 2021|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> | ||
After the sack of [[Bhatner fort]] during the [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]] conquests of India in 1398, [[Timur]] attacked and sacked the cities of [[Sirsa]], [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]], [[Sunam]], [[Kaithal]] and [[Panipat]]. When he reached the town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents, who were mostly non-Muslims, fled and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The [[Ahirs]] resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while the town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to [[Tohana]], whose [[Jat]] inhabitants were stated to be | After the sack of [[Bhatner fort]] during the [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]] conquests of India in 1398, [[Timur]] attacked and sacked the cities of [[Sirsa]], [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]], [[Sunam]], [[Kaithal]] and [[Panipat]]. When he reached the town of Sarsuti (Sirsa), the residents, who were mostly non-Muslims, fled and were chased by a detachment of Timur's troops, with thousands of them being killed and looted by the troops. From there he travelled to Fatehabad, whose residents fled and a large number of those remaining in the town were massacred. The [[Ahirs]] resisted him at Ahruni but were defeated, with thousands being killed and many being taken prisoners while the town was burnt to ashes. From there he travelled to [[Tohana]], whose [[Jat]] inhabitants were stated to be robbers according to [[Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi]]. They tried to resist but were defeated and fled. Timur's army pursued and killed 200 [[Jats]], while taking many more as prisoners. He then sent a detachment to chase the fleeing [[Jats]] and killed 2,000 of them while their wives and children were enslaved and their property plundered. Timur proceeded to Kaithal whose residents were massacred and plundered, destroying all villages along the way. On the next day, he came to [[Assandh]] whose residents were "[[Zoroastrians|fire-worshippers]]" according to Yazdi, and had fled to Delhi. Next, he travelled to and subdued Tughlaqpur fort and [[Salwan]] before reaching [[Panipat]] whose residents had already fled. He then marched on to [[Loni, Ghaziabad|Loni]] fort.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9Q6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period: Ed. from the Posthumous Papers of the Late Sir H. M. Elliot ..|last1=Elliot|first1=Sir Henry Miers|last2=Dowson|first2=John|date=1871|publisher=Trübner and Company|pages=427–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval|last=Phadke|first=H.A.|date=1990|publisher=Harman Publishing House|page=123}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait of [[Hemu|Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], who fought and won across North India from the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] to [[Bengal]], winning 22 straight battles.{{sfn|Sarkar|1960|p=66}}]] | [[File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait of [[Hemu|Hem Chandra Vikramaditya]], who fought and won across North India from the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] to [[Bengal]], winning 22 straight battles.{{sfn|Sarkar|1960|p=66}}]] | ||
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|color7 = Black | |color7 = Black | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the 2011 census, of total 25, | According to the 2011 census, of total 25,351,462 population of Haryana, [[Hindu]]s (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with [[Muslim]]s (7.03%) (mainly [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]]s) and [[Sikh]]s (4.91%) being the largest minorities.<ref name="census2011"/> | ||
Muslims are mainly found in the [[Nuh district|Nuh]]. Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and they mostly live in the districts adjoining [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], such as [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], [[Jind district|Jind]], [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]], [[Kaithal district|Kaithal]], [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]] and [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]].<ref name=harsikh1>{{cite news|title=Haryana government announced the formation of rules to register Anand Karaj, the Sikh marriage ceremony|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715040119/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=harsc1>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | title=Census India 2001 | year=2001 | access-date=28 March 2013 | author=Govt. of India, Census | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113213432/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | archive-date=13 November 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref> | Muslims are mainly found in the [[Nuh district|Nuh]]. Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and they mostly live in the districts adjoining [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], such as [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], [[Jind district|Jind]], [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]], [[Kaithal district|Kaithal]], [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]] and [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]].<ref name=harsikh1>{{cite news|title=Haryana government announced the formation of rules to register Anand Karaj, the Sikh marriage ceremony|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715040119/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=harsc1>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | title=Census India 2001 | year=2001 | access-date=28 March 2013 | author=Govt. of India, Census | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113213432/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | archive-date=13 November 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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===Society=== | ===Society=== | ||
[[Haryanvi people]] have a concept of inclusive society involving the ''"[[36 royal races|36 Jāti]]s"'' or communities. Castes such as [[Jat]], [[Rajput]], [[Gurjar]], [[Saini]], [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]], [[Ahirs]], [[Ror]], [[Meo (ethnic group)|Mev]], [[ | [[Haryanvi people]] have a concept of inclusive society involving the ''"[[36 royal races|36 Jāti]]s"'' or communities. Castes such as [[Lohar]], [[Jat]], [[Rajput]], [[Gurjar]], [[Saini]], [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]], [[Ahirs]], [[Ror]], [[Meo (ethnic group)|Mev]], [[Charan]], [[Bishnoi]], [[Harijan]], [[Aggarwal]], [[Brahmin]], [[Khatri]] and [[Tyagi]] are some of the notable of these 36 Jātis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sāṅgavāna |first1=Guṇapālasiṃha |title=Harayāṇavī lokagītoṃ kā sāṃskr̥tika adhyayana |date=1989 |publisher=Hariyāṇā Sāhitya Akādamī |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubI3AAAAIAAJ|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2017/IJRSS_NOVEMBER2017/IJMRA-12670.pdf|title= Social study the KhapPanchayats of Haryana: A Survey, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 11 |publisher= Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell's Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A}}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
[[File:Mustard field near Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|A [[Mustard plant|mustard field]] in Haryana, near the state capital of [[Chandigarh]]]] | [[File:Mustard field near Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|A [[Mustard plant|mustard field]] in Haryana, near the state capital of [[Chandigarh]]]] | ||
Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude.{{sfn|NIDM|p=2}} The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country.<ref name=agri/> The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level.<ref>{{citation|title=Organizations|url=http://haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182552/http://www.haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests.<ref name="harec1" /> [[Karoh Peak]], a {{convert|1467|m|ft|0|adj=on}} tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near [[Morni Hills]] area of Panchkula district, is highest point in Haryana.<ref name = hillsofmorni>{{cite web |title= Hills of Morni |url= http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni |publisher= hillsofmorni.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061747/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni/ |archive-date= 14 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 27 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name = quickgs>{{cite web |title= Interesting Facts About Haryana |url= http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana/ |publisher= quickgs.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160312032245/http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana |archive-date= 12 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 7 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name = peakbagger> | Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude.{{sfn|NIDM|p=2}} The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country.<ref name=agri/> The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level.<ref>{{citation|title=Organizations|url=http://haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182552/http://www.haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests.<ref name="harec1" /> [[Karoh Peak]], a {{convert|1467|m|ft|0|adj=on}} tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near [[Morni Hills]] area of Panchkula district, is highest point in Haryana.<ref name = hillsofmorni>{{cite web |title= Hills of Morni |url= http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni |publisher= hillsofmorni.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061747/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni/ |archive-date= 14 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 27 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name = quickgs>{{cite web |title= Interesting Facts About Haryana |url= http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana/ |publisher= quickgs.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160312032245/http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana |archive-date= 12 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 7 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name = peakbagger> | ||
{{cite peakbagger| name = Karoh Peak |pid=53260| access-date = 24 March 2016}}</ref><ref name = uchicago>{{cite web | title= Gazetteer of India | url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | publisher= University of Chicago | access-date= 24 March 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214858/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | archive-date= 5 April 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the state sits atop the fertile [[Punjab Plain]], a subsection of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Haryana<ref>{{cite web|date=12 December 2021|title=Haryana Gk Questions|url=https://alljobs.co.in/currentaffairs/haryana-gk/|url-status=live|access-date=8 January 2022|website=Current Affairs|language=en-US}}</ref> has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border | {{cite peakbagger| name = Karoh Peak |pid=53260| access-date = 24 March 2016}}</ref><ref name = uchicago>{{cite web | title= Gazetteer of India | url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | publisher= University of Chicago | access-date= 24 March 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214858/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | archive-date= 5 April 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the state sits atop the fertile [[Punjab Plain]], a subsection of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Haryana<ref>{{cite web|date=12 December 2021|title=Haryana Gk Questions|url=https://alljobs.co.in/currentaffairs/haryana-gk/|url-status=live|access-date=8 January 2022|website=Current Affairs|language=en-US}}</ref> has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh. | ||
===Plains and mountains=== | ===Plains and mountains=== | ||
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Haryana's [[list of Indian states and union territories by GDP|14th placed]] 12.96% 2012-17 [[compound annual growth rate|CAGR]]<ref name=harec2>[https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154831/https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation |date=6 October 2018 }}, [[India Brand Equity Foundation]], Nov 2017.</ref> estimated 2017-18 GSDP of US$95 billion<ref name="harec1"/> is split in to 52% [[Service economy|services]], 30% [[Industrial sector|industries]] and 18% [[Agriculture in India|agriculture]].<ref name="harec1">{{cite web|title=Haryana State Budget 2017-18|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|website=Haryana Finance Dept|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822065346/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Haryana's [[list of Indian states and union territories by GDP|14th placed]] 12.96% 2012-17 [[compound annual growth rate|CAGR]]<ref name=harec2>[https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154831/https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation |date=6 October 2018 }}, [[India Brand Equity Foundation]], Nov 2017.</ref> estimated 2017-18 GSDP of US$95 billion<ref name="harec1"/> is split in to 52% [[Service economy|services]], 30% [[Industrial sector|industries]] and 18% [[Agriculture in India|agriculture]].<ref name="harec1">{{cite web|title=Haryana State Budget 2017-18|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|website=Haryana Finance Dept|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822065346/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Services sector is split across 45% in real estate and financial and professional services, 26% trade and [[Tourism in Haryana|hospitality]], 15% state and central govt employees, and 14% transport and logistics & warehousing.<ref name="harec1" /> In IT services, [[Gurugram]] ranks number 1 in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and number 2 in [[startup ecosystem]], innovation and livability (Nov 2016).<ref name=harec3>[http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ India's Top 12 Tech Cities: Digital Indian Cities Survey, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042008/http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ |date=5 December 2017 }}, CEOWORLD magazine, Nov 2016.</ref> | Services sector is split across 45% in real estate and financial and professional services, 26% trade and [[Tourism in Haryana|hospitality]], 15% state and central govt employees, and 14% transport and logistics & warehousing.<ref name="harec1" /> In [[IT]] services, [[Gurugram]] ranks number 1 in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and number 2 in [[startup ecosystem]], innovation and livability (Nov 2016).<ref name=harec3>[http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ India's Top 12 Tech Cities: Digital Indian Cities Survey, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042008/http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ |date=5 December 2017 }}, CEOWORLD magazine, Nov 2016.</ref> | ||
Industries sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2% utilities and 1% mining.<ref name="harec1" /> In industrial manufacturing, Haryana produces India's 67% of passenger cars, 60% of motorcycles, 50% of tractors and 50% of the refrigerators.<ref name="harec1"/> | Industries sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2% utilities and 1% mining.<ref name="harec1" /> In industrial manufacturing, Haryana produces India's 67% of passenger cars, 60% of motorcycles, 50% of tractors and 50% of the refrigerators.<ref name="harec1"/> | ||
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[[File:Mriu at night1.jpg|thumb|MRIU]] | [[File:Mriu at night1.jpg|thumb|MRIU]] | ||
{{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Haryana | List of Medical, Ayurvedic, Dental, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Para-medical colleges in Haryana }} | {{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Haryana | List of Medical, Ayurvedic, Dental, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Para-medical colleges in Haryana }} | ||
Haryana has 48 universities and 1,038 colleges,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women-than-men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html|title=A first: Haryana has more women than men pursuing higher education|last=Thakur|first=Bhartesh Singh|date=23 September 2019|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> including 115 government colleges, 88 government-aided colleges and 96 self-finance colleges.<ref name=hareduc1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fmahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Haryana is growing rapidly in higher education, 299 colleges in small state], [https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Jagram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234959/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html |date=19 January 2018 }}, 17 January 2018.</ref> [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] has three universities: [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]] | Haryana has 48 universities and 1,038 colleges,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women-than-men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html|title=A first: Haryana has more women than men pursuing higher education|last=Thakur|first=Bhartesh Singh|date=23 September 2019|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> including 115 government colleges, 88 government-aided colleges and 96 self-finance colleges.<ref name=hareduc1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fmahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Haryana is growing rapidly in higher education, 299 colleges in small state], [https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Jagram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234959/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html |date=19 January 2018 }}, 17 January 2018.</ref> [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] has three universities: [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]] – Asia's largest agricultural university,<ref name="about hau">{{cite web|url=http://hau.ernet.in/|title=About HAU|publisher=Haryana Agricultural University|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512064952/http://hau.ernet.in/|archive-date=12 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology]], [[Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences]]); several national agricultural and veterinary research centres ([[NRC on Equines, Hisar, Haryana|National Research Centre on Equines]]),<ref name="vision 2030">{{cite web|title=Vision 2030|url=http://nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf|publisher=National Research Centre on Equines|access-date=7 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913134303/http://www.nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf|archive-date=13 September 2012}}</ref> Central Sheep Breeding Farm,<ref name="sheep breeding farm">{{cite web|url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/central-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx |title=Central sheep breeding farm |publisher=Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, GoI |access-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122055903/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/central-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx |archive-date=22 November 2012 }}</ref> National Institute on Pig Breeding and Research,<ref name="ppu">{{cite web|url=http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html |title=Climate of Hisar |publisher=PPU |access-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505132444/http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html |archive-date=5 May 2012 }}</ref> Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute<ref name="nrfmtti">{{cite web|url=http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/|title=About us|publisher=Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute|access-date=27 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916140714/http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/|archive-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> and Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB);<ref name="about cirb">{{cite web|url=http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en|title=About CIRB|publisher=Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913001100/http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en|archive-date=13 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and more than 20 colleges including [[Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha]].<ref name="mamc">{{cite web|url=http://mamc.edu.in/|title=Official website|publisher=Maharaja Agrasen Medical College|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072051/http://mamc.edu.in/|archive-date=26 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Demographically, Haryana has 471,000 women and 457,000 men pursuing post-secondary school higher education. There are more 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male teachers in higher education.<ref name=":1" /> | Demographically, Haryana has 471,000 women and 457,000 men pursuing post-secondary school higher education. There are more 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male teachers in higher education.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
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At the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], [[Sakshi Malik]] won the bronze medal in the 58 kg category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the Olympics and the fourth female Olympic medalist from the country. | At the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], [[Sakshi Malik]] won the bronze medal in the 58 kg category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the Olympics and the fourth female Olympic medalist from the country. | ||
Notable Badminton Player, [[Saina Nehwal]] is from [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] in Haryana.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 October 2010|first1=Bhupendra | | Notable Badminton Player, [[Saina Nehwal]] is from [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] in Haryana.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 October 2010|first1=Bhupendra |last1=Yadav |title=Why Haryana is India's mine for medals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Why-Haryana-is-Indias-mine-for-medals/articleshow/6844460.cms|access-date=26 July 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> | ||
Notable Athlete, [[Neeraj Chopra]] , who competes in Javelin Throw and won the first track and field gold medal in [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]] for India, was born and raised in Panipat, Haryana. | Notable Athlete, [[Neeraj Chopra]] , who competes in Javelin Throw and won the first track and field gold medal in [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]] for India, was born and raised in Panipat, Haryana. | ||
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* [http://www.haryana.gov.in/ The Official Site of the Government of Haryana] | * [http://www.haryana.gov.in/ The Official Site of the Government of Haryana] | ||
* [http://haryanatourism.gov.in/ Official Tourism Site of Haryana, India] | * [http://haryanatourism.gov.in/ Official Tourism Site of Haryana, India] | ||
; General information | ; General information | ||
* {{osmrelation-inline|1942601}} | * {{osmrelation-inline|1942601}} | ||