.svg)
6
edits
Govardhan of Gour: Difference between revisions
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
>Marcocapelle (→References: removed Category:History of Hinduism) |
(robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
[[File:Madhabkunda waterfall 10.jpg|thumb|Govardhan gave Madhabkunda waterfall its name. It is now a major tourist attraction in [[Bangladesh]].]] | [[File:Madhabkunda waterfall 10.jpg|thumb|Govardhan gave Madhabkunda waterfall its name. It is now a major tourist attraction in [[Bangladesh]].]] | ||
Govardhan rose to power following the death of his father, Gouradhwaj Bhabananda. During this period, Raja Upananda was the King of Brahmachal ([[South Sylhet|Southern Sylhet]]). The long-lasted conflict between the north and south continued during Govardhan's reign. Govardhan appointed his chief minister, [[Madan Rai]], to somehow find a way to lure Upananda's general, [[Amar Singh (general)|Amar Singh]], in order to use him in infiltrating the south. Govardhan and | Govardhan rose to power following the death of his father, Gouradhwaj Bhabananda. During this period, Raja Upananda was the King of Brahmachal ([[South Sylhet|Southern Sylhet]]). The long-lasted conflict between the north and south continued during Govardhan's reign. Govardhan appointed his chief minister, [[Madan Rai]], to somehow find a way to lure Upananda's general, [[Amar Singh (general)|Amar Singh]], in order to use him in infiltrating the south. Govardhan and Madan Rai then made an agreement with Govardhan's general Virabhadra to give his daughter, Chandra Kala, in marriage to Singh. The marriage was successful, despite protests, and Singh maintained a good relationship with General Virabhadra.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sileter Mati, Sileter Manush|year=1991|last=Rahman|first=Fazlur|publisher=MA Sattar|location=[[Sylhet District]]}}</ref> | ||
Singh also had a friendship with the [[Kukis|Kuki Chiefs]], the border guards for the [[Tripura Kingdom]], just south of Brahmachal. The Kuki Chiefs were persuaded into raiding Raja Upananda's palace in the dead of the night, massacring most of its inmates. As another battle emerged, a few children of the royal family managed to escape. Babysat by the Upananda's older sister-in-law, Anna Purna, the children reached the jungles where a [[Biharis|Bihari]] [[sannyasi]] by the name of Giridhari took guided them to [[Kamakhya Temple]] where they were trained into hermitage.<ref name=back>{{cite book|first=Rajmohan|last=Nath|title=The back-ground of Assamese culture| | Singh also had a friendship with the [[Kukis|Kuki Chiefs]], the border guards for the [[Tripura Kingdom]], just south of Brahmachal. The Kuki Chiefs were persuaded into raiding Raja Upananda's palace in the dead of the night, massacring most of its inmates. As another battle emerged, a few children of the royal family managed to escape. Babysat by the Upananda's older sister-in-law, Anna Purna, the children reached the jungles where a [[Biharis|Bihari]] [[sannyasi]] by the name of Giridhari took guided them to [[Kamakhya Temple]] where they were trained into hermitage.<ref name=back>{{cite book|first=Rajmohan|last=Nath|title=The back-ground of Assamese culture|pages=116-117|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126984/page/n161|year=1948|publisher=A. K. Nath}}</ref> | ||
The battle hosted casualties on both sides leading to the death of Raja Upananda. General | The battle hosted casualties on both sides leading to the death of Raja Upananda. General Amar Singh took over Brahmachal for a short while before also being killed. The Kuki Chiefs annexed Brahmachal (modern-day Baramchal in Kulaura) to the King of Tripura and Govardhan sent [[Jaidev Rai]], son of Upananda's minister, to be a feudal ruler under the Tripuras. In fear of Kuki Chiefs, the Raja Shandul of [[Taraf Kingdom|Taraf]] migrated to Gour and the King of Tripura put Bhadra Janardhan in charge of Taraf.<ref name=back/> | ||
During a hunting expedition in the Patharia hills, Govardhan wished to establish a resting place for the benefit of travellers. He came across a monk by the name of Madhabeshwar meditating under a waterfall. In respect of the monk, the waterfall was called [[Madhabkunda waterfall]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sylhetview24.net/news/details/Feature/153887|script-title=bn:মাধবকুণ্ডের কথা|date=22 Jul 2019|language=bn|last=Husayn|first=Matubbar Tufahel|publisher=SylhetView24}}</ref> | During a hunting expedition in the Patharia hills, Govardhan wished to establish a resting place for the benefit of travellers. He came across a monk by the name of Madhabeshwar meditating under a waterfall. In respect of the monk, the waterfall was called [[Madhabkunda waterfall]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sylhetview24.net/news/details/Feature/153887|script-title=bn:মাধবকুণ্ডের কথা|date=22 Jul 2019|language=bn|last=Husayn|first=Matubbar Tufahel|publisher=SylhetView24}}</ref> | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
==Defeat== | ==Defeat== | ||
Although Govardhan's early rule of Gour maintained a healthy relationship with Tripura, the latter part of his reign had to deal with rebels. The [[Jaintia Kingdom]], north of Gour, attempted to invade and annex Gour to its kingdom. The various indigenous tribes including the [[Pnar people|Pnar]], the [[Khasi people|Khasis]], the [[Kachari tribe|Kacharis]], the [[Kukis]] and the [[Naga people|Nagas]] joined forces in attacking Bengali-dominated Gour. Gour was being attacked from both directions and had no support from neighbouring states. Govardhan was killed in battle. However, the royal men of Brahmachal who had migrated to Kamakhya in the start of Govardhan's rule, had returned to Gour being led by Upananda's nephew, [[Gour Govinda]], who would defeat the rebels and re-establish peace with the Tripura Kingdom.<ref name=back/> | Although Govardhan's early rule of Gour maintained a healthy relationship with Tripura, the latter part of his reign had to deal with rebels. The [[Jaintia Kingdom]], north of Gour, attempted to invade and annex Gour to its kingdom. The various indigenous tribes including the [[Pnar people|Pnar]], the [[Khasi people|Khasis]], the [[Kachari tribe|Kacharis]], the [[Kukis]] and the [[Naga people|Nagas]] joined forces in attacking Bengali-dominated Gour. Gour was being attacked from both directions and had no support from neighbouring states. Govardhan was killed in battle. However, the royal men of Brahmachal who had migrated to Kamakhya in the start of Govardhan's rule, had returned to Gour being led by Upananda's nephew, [[Gour Govinda]], who would defeat the rebels and re-establish peace with the Tripura Kingdom.<ref name=back/> | ||
==Descendants== | |||
Other than [[Garuda of Gour]], it is said that Govardhan had another son called Prem Narayan. The zamindars of Selbaras, who are described as one of the most prominent zamindars of [[Sylhet Division|greater Sylhet]],<ref>{{cite book |author=[[House of Commons|Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons]] |year=1908 |title=Parliamentary Papers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuVGAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA44 |volume=76 |publisher=[[H.M. Stationery Office]] |page=44}}</ref> are descended from Prem Narayan's son Radhaballabh. Radhaballabh embraced [[Sunni Islam]] in 1662, adopting the name Muhammad Zaman Mia Mayman. He later married the daughter of Mir Jumla, and they had a son called Muhammad Shamsher. Radhaballabh's grandson was Muhammad Darvesh, who had a son named Muhammad Basher, who had a son named Muhammad Hazer. Hazer was succeeded by his son Muhammad Haydar, whose son was Muhammad Qamar, whose son was Ghulam Rabib.<ref name=naam>{{cite journal |script-title=bn:অবিস্মরণীয় নাম: আলহাজ্জ আহমদ তৌফিক চৌধুরী |language=bn |author=Muhammad Jahangir Babul |journal=The Fortnightly Ahmadi |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=29-30 |date=31 July 2014 |publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at, Bangladesh |url=https://www.theahmadi.org/public/pdf/Ahmadi_NewVol77Iss02_Da31Jul_2014.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023195422/https://www.theahmadi.org/public/pdf/Ahmadi_NewVol77Iss02_Da31Jul_2014.pdf |archive-date=23 October 2021}}</ref> Ghulam Rabib's son, Zamindar Ghulam Jilani Choudhury, married Ashrafunnesa Choudhurani and they had a son named Ahmad Taufiq Choudhury (d. 2005). The latter left Sunni Islam for the [[Ahmadiyya]] movement where he became the regional leader of [[Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya]], and later migrated to Mymensingh where he became the Ameer of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Bangladesh after independence.<ref name=zikr>{{cite journal|title=Zikr-e-Khair|language=bn|author=AK Rezaul Karim|journal=The Fortnightly Ahmadi|volume=68|issue=6/7|date=15 October 2005|publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at, Bangladesh}}</ref> | |||
Another descendant of Govardhan, Muhammad Akhtar Chowdhury Tota Mia (b. 1840s) was a powerful zamindar of Selbaras of his time and renowned for his bravery across Sunamganj and Mymensingh.<ref name=pak>{{cite magazine |last=Husain |first=Anwar |date=July 1970 |title=Legend of Tuta Mia |magazine=Perspective |volume=4 |issue=1 |publisher=Pakistan Publications |pages=45-47}}</ref><ref name=naam/><ref name=zikr/> Narrative folk ballads, known as ''pala gan'', about Tota Mia's heroism gained prominence. These ballads are preserved in Badiuzzaman's [[Mymensingh Geetika|Momenshahi Geetika]] published by [[Bangla Academy]].<ref>{{cite book|page=65|language=bn|script-title=bn:স্মারক গ্রন্থ-৯২|year=1992|volume=2|publisher=Jalalabad Folk Literature Council}}</ref> | |||
{{S-start}} | {{S-start}} | ||
| Line 49: | Line 54: | ||
[[Category:Rulers of Sylhet]] | [[Category:Rulers of Sylhet]] | ||
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]] | [[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]] | ||