.svg)
6
edits
Mathura: Difference between revisions
m
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
m (robot: Update article) |
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description| | {{Short description|Town in Uttar Pradesh, India}} | ||
{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Mathura district}} | {{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Mathura district}} | ||
{{Other uses|Mathura (disambiguation)}} | {{Other uses|Mathura (disambiguation)}} | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
| color = white | | color = white | ||
| size = 266 | | size = 266 | ||
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Mathura Museum]], [[Radha Rani Temple]] in [[Barsana]], [[Vishram Ghat]] on banks of river [[Yamuna]], one of the many Ancient Temple in Mathura, Sri Rangaaji Temple, Old street in front of the Krishna Mandir and [[Naam yog Sadhna Mandir|Jai Gurudev Temple]]}} | | foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Mathura Museum]], [[Radha Rani Temple]] in [[Barsana]], [[Vishram Ghat]] on banks of river [[Yamuna]], one of the many Ancient Temple in Mathura, Sri Rangaaji Temple, Old street in front of the Krishna Mandir and [[Naam yog Sadhna Mandir|Jai Gurudev Temple]]}} | ||
| image_alt = Mathura | | image_alt = Mathura | ||
| nickname = Krishnanagri; The City of Lord Krishna | | nickname = Krishnanagri; The City of Lord Krishna | ||
| Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
'''Mathura''' ({{audio|Mathura.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Mathura district]] in the [[states and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located approximately {{convert|57.6|km}} north of [[Agra]], and {{convert|166|km}} south-east of [[Delhi]]; about {{convert|14.5|km}} from the town of [[Vrindavan]], and {{convert|22|km}} from [[Govardhan]]. In ancient times, Mathura was an [[economic]] hub, located at the junction of important [[caravan (travellers)|caravan]] routes. The [[2011 Census of India]] estimated the population of Mathura at 441,894. | '''Mathura''' ({{audio|Mathura.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Mathura district]] in the [[states and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located approximately {{convert|57.6|km}} north of [[Agra]], and {{convert|166|km}} south-east of [[Delhi]]; about {{convert|14.5|km}} from the town of [[Vrindavan]], and {{convert|22|km}} from [[Govardhan]]. In ancient times, Mathura was an [[economic]] hub, located at the junction of important [[caravan (travellers)|caravan]] routes. The [[2011 Census of India]] estimated the population of Mathura at 441,894. | ||
In [[Hinduism]], Mathura is birthplace of | In [[Hinduism]], Mathura is birthplace of the god [[Krishna]], which is located at the [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]].<ref name=Prasad>{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Dev|author-link=Dev Prasad|title=Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0_5caqiUH0C&pg=PT22|year=2015|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8495-170-7|page=22}}</ref> It is one of the [[Sapta Puri]], the seven cities considered holy by [[Hindus]], also called Mokshyadayni Tirth. The [[Kesava Deo Temple]] was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's birthplace (an underground [[prison]]). Mathura was the capital of the kingdom of [[Surasena]], ruled by [[Kamsa|Kansa]], the maternal uncle of Krishna. [[Janmashtami]] is grandly celebrated in Mathura every year. | ||
Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] scheme of Government of India.<ref name=holycity/> | Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] scheme of Government of India.<ref name=holycity/> | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
===Ancient history=== | ===Ancient history=== | ||
Archaeological excavations at Mathura show the gradual growth of a village into an important city during the [[Vedic age]]. The earliest period belonged to the [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1100–500 BCE), followed by the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (700–200 BCE). Mathura derived its importance as a center of trade due to its location where the [[Grand Trunk Road|northern trade route]] of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] met with the routes to [[Malwa]] (central India) and the [[Western India|west coast]].<ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book|author=Upinder Singh|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA281|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|pages=281, 336}}</ref> Archaeologists have discovered a fragment of Mathura red sandstone from [[Rakhigarhi]] - a site of [[Indus Valley | Archaeological excavations at Mathura show the gradual growth of a village into an important city during the [[Vedic age]]. The earliest period belonged to the [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1100–500 BCE), followed by the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (700–200 BCE). Mathura derived its importance as a center of trade due to its location where the [[Grand Trunk Road|northern trade route]] of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] met with the routes to [[Malwa]] (central India) and the [[Western India|west coast]].<ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book|author=Upinder Singh|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA281|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|pages=281, 336}}</ref> Archaeologists have discovered a fragment of Mathura red sandstone from [[Rakhigarhi]] - a site of [[Indus Valley civilisation|Indus Valley civilization]] dated to third millennium BCE - which was used as a grindstone; red sandstone was also a popular material for [[Art of Mathura|historic period sculptures]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=S.gautam|first1=Mantabya|last2=Law|first2=Randall|last3=Garge|first3=Tejas|title=Initial Geologic Provenience Studies of Stone and Metal Artefacts from Rakhigarhi|url=https://www.academia.edu/10827842|language=en}}</ref> | ||
By the sixth century BCE Mathura became the capital of the [[Surasena|Surasena Kingdom]].<ref name=ImpGazetteer /> The city was later ruled by the [[Maurya]] empire (fourth to second centuries BCE). [[Megasthenes]], writing in the early third century BCE, mentions Mathura as a great city under the name Μέθορα (''Méthora'').<ref>Megasthenes, fragment 23 "The Surasenians, an Indian tribe, with two great cities, Methora and Clisobora; the navigable river [[Iomanes]] flows through their territory" quoted in [[Arrian]] Indica 8.5. Also "The river Jomanes ([[Yamuna]]) flows through the Palibothri into the Ganges between the towns Methora and Carisobora." in [http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm FRAGM. LVI. Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8–23. 11.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080315/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm |date=10 December 2008 }}</ref> It seems it never was under the direct control of the following [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] dynasty (2nd century BCE) as not a single archaeological remain of a Shunga presence were ever found in Mathura.<ref name="Rhie"/> | By the sixth century BCE Mathura became the capital of the [[Surasena|Surasena Kingdom]].<ref name=ImpGazetteer /> The city was later ruled by the [[Maurya]] empire (fourth to second centuries BCE). [[Megasthenes]], writing in the early third century BCE, mentions Mathura as a great city under the name Μέθορα (''Méthora'').<ref>Megasthenes, fragment 23 "The Surasenians, an Indian tribe, with two great cities, Methora and Clisobora; the navigable river [[Iomanes]] flows through their territory" quoted in [[Arrian]] Indica 8.5. Also "The river Jomanes ([[Yamuna]]) flows through the Palibothri into the Ganges between the towns Methora and Carisobora." in [http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm FRAGM. LVI. Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8–23. 11.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080315/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm |date=10 December 2008 }}</ref> It seems it never was under the direct control of the following [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] dynasty (2nd century BCE) as not a single archaeological remain of a Shunga presence were ever found in Mathura.<ref name="Rhie"/> | ||
| Line 347: | Line 347: | ||
===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
Mathura is well-connected by road to the rest of India. [[National highways of India|National Highway]] NH-19(previously [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH-2]]) from Delhi to Kolkata, with diversion for Chennai also passes through Mathura. [[Yamuna Expressway]] from Greater-Noida to Agra (165 km 6 lane access controlled express highway) also passes through, providing good connectivity to Noida, Agra and Lucknow. | Mathura is well-connected by road to the rest of India. [[National highways of India|National Highway]] NH-19(previously [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH-2]]) from Delhi to Kolkata, with diversion for Chennai also passes through Mathura. [[Yamuna Expressway]] from Greater-Noida to Agra (165 km 6 lane access controlled express highway) also passes through, providing good connectivity to Noida, Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow. | ||
===Tram=== | ===Tram=== | ||