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Mala Synagogue: Difference between revisions
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The Mala synagogue is owned and managed by the [[Gram panchayat|Mala Panchayat]] now. | The Mala synagogue is owned and managed by the [[Gram panchayat|Mala Panchayat]] now. | ||
During 1954-1955,<ref name="mala_website"/> due to the [[Aliyah]] of the Malabar Jewish community from Kerala to Israel, the community had handed over both the Mala Synagogue and the associated Jewish Cemetery to the Mala Panchayat for safekeeping. | During 1954-1955,<ref name="mala_website"/> due to the [[Aliyah]] of the Malabar Jewish community from Kerala to Israel, the community had handed over both the Mala Synagogue and the associated Jewish Cemetery to the Mala Panchayat for safekeeping. | ||
The Synagogue is currently defunct and does not have any religious material inside it {{citation | The Synagogue is currently defunct and does not have any religious material inside it {{citation needed|date=December 2017}}. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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There are different opinions made by from historians about the origin of the Mala Synagogue. | There are different opinions made by from historians about the origin of the Mala Synagogue. | ||
According to Prem Doss Swami Doss Yehudi, a Dravidian Judaist and historian, an ancient Jewish Malayalam folk song mentions that the synagogue was built in the 11th century using the wood donated to [[Joseph Rabban]] in 1000 CE by the king of the erstwhile [[Kodungallur|Kodungallur Kingdom]].{{ | According to Prem Doss Swami Doss Yehudi, a Dravidian Judaist and historian, an ancient Jewish Malayalam folk song mentions that the synagogue was built in the 11th century using the wood donated to [[Joseph Rabban]] in 1000 CE by the king of the erstwhile [[Kodungallur|Kodungallur Kingdom]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} | ||
The first structure was dismantled during the 14th century due to unknown reasons (presumably after the [[Great Periyar Flood of 1341]] but not necessarily due to the floods) and a new building was constructed in 1400.{{ | The first structure was dismantled during the 14th century due to unknown reasons (presumably after the [[Great Periyar Flood of 1341]] but not necessarily due to the floods) and a new building was constructed in 1400.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} | ||
This reconstructed 14th century synagogue was renovated almost four centuries later, in 1792, most likely to repair the damages suffered during the [[Mysorean invasion of Kerala]] by Tipu Sultan during the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] of early 1780s. | This reconstructed 14th century synagogue was renovated almost four centuries later, in 1792, most likely to repair the damages suffered during the [[Mysorean invasion of Kerala]] by Tipu Sultan during the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] of early 1780s. | ||
However, Rev. [[Thomas Dawson (missionary)|Thomas Dawson]], a [[CMS missionary]] stationed in Kochi during 1817, had a different opinion. During his site visits, he found that even though almost three decades had passed since Tipu Sultan's [[Treaty of Seringapatam|surrender of Malabar]] to the British in 1792, the synagogue building still remained in ruins. <ref name="waronker_cochinsyn">{{Cite web|url=http://cochinsyn.com/page-mala.html|title=The Synagogues of Kerala|website=cochinsyn.com|last=Waronker | However, Rev. [[Thomas Dawson (missionary)|Thomas Dawson]], a [[CMS missionary]] stationed in Kochi during 1817, had a different opinion. During his site visits, he found that even though almost three decades had passed since Tipu Sultan's [[Treaty of Seringapatam|surrender of Malabar]] to the British in 1792, the synagogue building still remained in ruins.<ref name="waronker_cochinsyn">{{Cite web|url=http://cochinsyn.com/page-mala.html|title=The Synagogues of Kerala|website=cochinsyn.com|last=Waronker | ||
|first=Jay A.|access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> | |first=Jay A.|access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> | ||
In 1909, the old 19th century building was rebuilt (in part or in full) on the same foundation. <ref name="waronker_cochinsyn" /> | In 1909, the old 19th century building was rebuilt (in part or in full) on the same foundation.<ref name="waronker_cochinsyn" /> | ||
There is also another view on the existence of historical evidence indicating that the Synagogue was constructed in 1597 {{citation | There is also another view on the existence of historical evidence indicating that the Synagogue was constructed in 1597 {{citation needed|date=December 2017}}. | ||
=== Synagogue in the Piyyutim of Cochin jews === | === Synagogue in the Piyyutim of Cochin jews === | ||
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== Mala Jews == | == Mala Jews == | ||
{{Empty section|date=December 2021}} | |||
== Architecture == | == Architecture == | ||
[[File: Mala Jewish Synagogue 02.jpg | thumb | left | Women's seat inside the synagogue]]All the 8 [[List of Synagogues in Kerala|synagogues in Kerala]] built during the recent centuries — located at Chendamangalam, Paravoor, [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]], [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] and [[Ernakulam]] — have similar traditional [[Synagogue Architecture|architectural]] features: | [[File: Mala Jewish Synagogue 02.jpg | thumb|left | Women's seat inside the synagogue]]All the 8 [[List of Synagogues in Kerala|synagogues in Kerala]] built during the recent centuries — located at Chendamangalam, Paravoor, [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]], [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] and [[Ernakulam]] — have similar traditional [[Synagogue Architecture|architectural]] features: | ||
* a central [[Bema#Judaism|bimah]] of brass or [[silver]] metal on a [[concrete]] or stone base | * a central [[Bema#Judaism|bimah]] of brass or [[silver]] metal on a [[concrete]] or stone base | ||
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* a balcony above the eastern entry to the sanctuary that is used by the reader on certain holidays. | * a balcony above the eastern entry to the sanctuary that is used by the reader on certain holidays. | ||
* a women's gallery behind the balcony, with a stairway leading up to it, usually from outside the building. | * a women's gallery behind the balcony, with a stairway leading up to it, usually from outside the building. | ||
== Mala Jewish Cemetery == | == Mala Jewish Cemetery == | ||
= | {{Empty section|date=December 2021}} | ||
== See | == See also == | ||
* [[Cochin Jews]] | * [[Cochin Jews]] | ||
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* [[List of synagogues in Kerala]] | * [[List of synagogues in Kerala]] | ||
* [[Cochin Jewish Architecture]] | * [[Cochin Jewish Architecture]] | ||
* [[History of the Jews in India]] | * [[History of the Jews in India]] | ||
* [[Gathering of Israel]] | * [[Gathering of Israel]] | ||
* [[Judaism]] | * [[Judaism]] | ||
* [[Anjuvannam]] | * [[Anjuvannam]] | ||