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{{Short description|India | {{Short description|Expressway in Maharashtra, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{infobox road | {{infobox road | ||
| country | | country = IND | ||
| type | | type = Express Highway | ||
| name | | name = Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway | ||
| alternate_name = | | alternate_name = Mumbai–Pune Expressway | ||
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|zoom=9|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3|id= Q286044|title=Mumbai–Pune Expressway }} | |||
| map | | map_custom = yes | ||
| map_custom | | map_notes = Mumbai-Pune Expressway in red | ||
| map_notes | | image = Express highway.jpg | ||
| image | | length_km = 94.5 | ||
| length_km | | direction_a = West | ||
| direction_a | | terminus_a = [[Kalamboli]], [[Navi Mumbai]] | ||
| terminus_a | | junction = : [[Sion Panvel Expressway]] near [[Panvel]] | ||
| junction | : {{jct|NH|548|country=IND}} in [[Kalamboli]] | ||
| established | : {{jct|NH|48|country=IND}} in [[Kalamboli]] | ||
| direction_b | : {{jct|NH|48|country=IND}} in [[Ravet, Pune|Ravet]] | ||
| terminus_b | | established = April 2002 | ||
| formed | | direction_b = East | ||
| history | | terminus_b = [[Ravet, Pune|Ravet]], [[Pune]] | ||
| states | | formed = | ||
| cities | | history = | ||
| maint | | states = [[Maharashtra]] | ||
| cities = [[Kalamboli]], [[Panvel]], [[Khalapur]] [[Khandala]], [[Lonavala]], [[Talegaon Dabhade]] | |||
| maint = [[Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation]] (MSRDC) | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Mumbai–Pune Expressway''' (officially '''Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway''') is India's first 6-[[lane]] wide concrete, access-controlled [[tollway|tolled]] expressway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/mumbai/ |title=Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India |publisher=Road Traffic Technology |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> It spans a distance of 94.5 km connecting [[Mumbai]], the capital of [[Maharashtra]] state and the financial capital of [[India]], with [[Pune]], the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rs 7,000-cr project to add more lanes to expressway, NH-4 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/rs-7000-cr-project-to-add-more-lanes-to-expressway-nh-4/|access-date=21 November 2015|work=The Indian express|agency=Express News Agency|date=6 February 2015}}</ref> The expressway, which was fully operationalized in 2002, introduced new levels of speed and safety in automobile transportation to Indian roads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punediary.com/html/eway.html |title=Expressway pune mumbai pune, mumbai pune mumbai, express high way nh-4 national highway no4 |publisher=Punediary.com |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> It is one of India's busiest roads.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/mumbai-pune-expressway-may-soon-have-eight-lanes/articleshow/18642402.cms | work=The Times of India| title=Mumbai-Pune expressway may soon have eight lanes | date=23 February 2013}}</ref> | The '''Mumbai–Pune Expressway''' (officially '''Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway''') is India's first 6-[[lane]] wide concrete, access-controlled [[tollway|tolled]] expressway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/mumbai/ |title=Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India |publisher=Road Traffic Technology |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> It spans a distance of 94.5 km connecting [[Mumbai]], the capital of [[Maharashtra]] state and the financial capital of [[India]], with [[Pune]], the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rs 7,000-cr project to add more lanes to expressway, NH-4 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/rs-7000-cr-project-to-add-more-lanes-to-expressway-nh-4/|access-date=21 November 2015|work=The Indian express|agency=Express News Agency|date=6 February 2015}}</ref> The expressway, which was fully operationalized in 2002, introduced new levels of speed and safety in automobile transportation to Indian roads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punediary.com/html/eway.html |title=Expressway pune mumbai pune, mumbai pune mumbai, express high way nh-4 national highway no4 |publisher=Punediary.com |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> It is one of India's busiest roads.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/mumbai-pune-expressway-may-soon-have-eight-lanes/articleshow/18642402.cms | work=The Times of India| title=Mumbai-Pune expressway may soon have eight lanes | date=23 February 2013}}</ref> | ||
The expressway starts at [[Kalamboli]] in Navi Mumbai and ends at Kiwale in Pune. It cleaves through the scenic [[Sahyadri]] mountain ranges through [[Mountain pass|passes]] and [[tunnel]]s.<ref name="JRMTT" /> It has five [[Interchange (road)|interchanges]]: Kon (Shedung), Chowk, Khalapur, Kusgaon and Talegaon<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=8 lanes, longest road tunnels soon on Mumbai-Pune Expressway |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/8-lanes-longest-road-tunnels-soon-on-Mumbai-Pune-Expressway/articleshow/9117771.cms |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=The Times of India|date=6 July 2011}}</ref> The expressway has two [[carriageway]]s, each with three concrete lanes, separated by a central divider and a [[Asphalt concrete|tarmac]] or [[concrete]] shoulder on either side. [[Pedestrians]], [[Motorcycle|two-wheelers]], [[Auto rickshaw|three-wheelers]], [[bullock carts]] and [[tractor]]s are not permitted, although [[Semi-trailer truck|tractor-trailers (semi-trailer rigs)]] are permitted. Vehicles are also prohibited from halting on the expressway.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} The expressway handles about 43,000 [[Passenger car equivalent|PCUs]] daily,<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> and is designed to handle up to 1,00,000 PCUs.<ref name="JRMTT">{{cite journal|date=July 2007|title=Study of Rockfall at Amritanjan Bridge Site on Mumbai – Pune Expressway – A Case Study|url=https://www.isrmtt.com/wp-content/pdf/vol-13-2007/july-2007-vol-13-no-2/kishor.pdf|journal=Journal of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology|volume=13|issue=2|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> | The expressway starts at [[Kalamboli]] in Navi Mumbai and ends at Kiwale in Pune. It cleaves through the scenic [[Sahyadri]] mountain ranges through [[Mountain pass|passes]] and [[tunnel]]s.<ref name="JRMTT" /> It has five [[Interchange (road)|interchanges]]: Kon (Shedung), Chowk, Khalapur, Kusgaon and Talegaon.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=8 lanes, longest road tunnels soon on Mumbai-Pune Expressway |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/8-lanes-longest-road-tunnels-soon-on-Mumbai-Pune-Expressway/articleshow/9117771.cms |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=The Times of India|date=6 July 2011}}</ref> The expressway has two [[carriageway]]s, each with three concrete lanes, separated by a central divider and a [[Asphalt concrete|tarmac]] or [[concrete]] shoulder on either side. [[Pedestrians]], [[Motorcycle|two-wheelers]], [[Auto rickshaw|three-wheelers]], [[bullock carts]] and [[tractor]]s are not permitted, although [[Semi-trailer truck|tractor-trailers (semi-trailer rigs)]] are permitted. Vehicles are also prohibited from halting on the expressway.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} The expressway handles about 43,000 [[Passenger car equivalent|PCUs]] daily,<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> and is designed to handle up to 1,00,000 PCUs.<ref name="JRMTT">{{cite journal|date=July 2007|title=Study of Rockfall at Amritanjan Bridge Site on Mumbai – Pune Expressway – A Case Study|url=https://www.isrmtt.com/wp-content/pdf/vol-13-2007/july-2007-vol-13-no-2/kishor.pdf|journal=Journal of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology|volume=13|issue=2|access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
The expressway has reduced the travel time from Kalamboli in Mumbai to Kiwale in Pune to about two hours. It has largely supplemented the Mumbai-Pune section of [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]] which had become extremely congested and accident-prone. | The expressway has reduced the travel time from Kalamboli in Mumbai to Kiwale in Pune to about two hours. It has largely supplemented the Mumbai-Pune section of [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]] which had become extremely congested and accident-prone. {{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} | ||
The expressway is not part of [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]] highway network NH 48 and has been built, operated and maintained wholly by the [[Government of Maharashtra]] via [[Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation]]. NH 48 is another separate older [[National highways in India|national highway]].{{ | The expressway is not part of [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]] highway network NH 48 and has been built, operated and maintained wholly by the [[Government of Maharashtra]] via [[Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation]]. [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]] is another separate older [[National highways in India|national highway]]. The [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]] merges with this expressway for a short distance near [[Khandala]]. Due to the winding route taken as the road climbs up the hills, traffic congestion occurs on that part of expressway where [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]] merges. To alleviate this, a 'missing link' (bypass) project is under construction. This will allow traffic to bypass the hill (ghat) section, reducing the distance by about 6 km and travel time by an estimated 25 minutes.<ref name="MSRDC">{{Cite web|url=https://msrdc.in/Site/Common/ProjectListDetails.aspx?ID=75&MainId=18|title=Mumbai Pune Corridor (Missing Link of MPEW)|website=MSRDC|access-date=2022-04-16}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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==Opening== | ==Opening== | ||
The expressway was opened to public in April 2002. The expressway initially opened without a posted speed limit. However, in 2009, a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph) was enacted as private vehicles got more powerful and could hit higher speeds more easily. In 2019, a panel of experts agreed to further increase the speed limit to 120 km/h (75 mph).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/cover-story/now-you-can-drive-down-the-mumbai-eway-at-120-kmph/articleshow/70219352.cms|title=Now, you can drive down the Mumbai-Pune Expressway at 120 km/h, Gadkari okays panel recommendations|last1=Dedgaonkar|first1=Supriya|last2=Jul 15|first2=Pune Mirror {{!}} Updated|website=Pune Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-07-18|last3=2019|last4=Ist|first4=07:58}}</ref> | The expressway was opened to public in April 2002. The expressway initially opened without a posted speed limit. However, in 2009, a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph) was enacted as private vehicles got more powerful and could hit higher speeds more easily. In July 2019, a panel of experts agreed to further increase the speed limit to 120 km/h (75 mph).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/cover-story/now-you-can-drive-down-the-mumbai-eway-at-120-kmph/articleshow/70219352.cms|title=Now, you can drive down the Mumbai-Pune Expressway at 120 km/h, Gadkari okays panel recommendations|last1=Dedgaonkar|first1=Supriya|last2=Jul 15|first2=Pune Mirror {{!}} Updated|website=Pune Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-07-18|last3=2019|last4=Ist|first4=07:58|date=15 July 2019}}</ref> This increase was short lived, and four months later in November 2019, the Highway Police slashed down the speed limit to 100 km/h (60 mph) for cars and 80 km/h (50 mph) for trucks on flat terrain, and half of that as a speed limit for hilly terrain. | ||
==Tunnels== | ==Tunnels== | ||
| Line 179: | Line 181: | ||
==Future expansion== | ==Future expansion== | ||
MSRDC is planning to widen the expressway from current 6 lane to 8 lane.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> The proposal has been presented in Maharashtra Cabinet for approval. | MSRDC is planning to widen the expressway from current 6 lane to 8 lane.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> The proposal has been presented in Maharashtra Cabinet for approval. | ||