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Chashma Nuclear Power Plant: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox power station | {{Infobox power station | ||
| name = Chashma Nuclear Power Plant | | name = Chashma Nuclear Power Plant | ||
| name_official = Chashma Nuclear Power Complex | | name_official = '''Chashma Nuclear Power Complex''' | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| image_caption = | | image_caption = | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| coordinates ={{coord|32|23|25|N|71|27|45|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates ={{coord|32|23|25|N|71|27|45|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | ||
| status = o | | status = o | ||
| construction_began = {{Start date|df=yes|1993|08|01}} | | construction_began = C1: {{Start date|df=yes|1993|08|01}}<br>C2: {{Start date|df=yes|2005|12|27}}<br>C3: {{Start date|df=yes|2011|04|28}}<br>C4:{{Start date|df=yes|2011|12|18}} | ||
| commissioned = C1: {{Start date|df=yes|2000|09| | | commissioned = C1: {{Start date|df=yes|2000|09|14}}<br>C2: {{Start date|df=yes|2011|05|17}}<br>C3: {{Start date|df=yes|2016|12|06}}<br>C4:{{Start date|df=yes|2017|09|19}} | ||
| decommissioned = | | decommissioned = | ||
| cost = C1: [[United States Dollar|US$]]900 [[million|Mn]] (1993)<ref name="Vij Books, Chandra, 2016">{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Dr Suresh |title=China-Pakistan Relations : Implications for India. |date=2016 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-93-86019-94-3 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/China_Pakistan_Relations/u8HLDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=chashma+nuclear+power+plant+1993+cost&pg=PT182&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=19 August 2020 |language=en-uk |format=googlebooks}}</ref><br>C2: US$0.86 [[billion|Bn]]<br>C3/C4/C5 total: US$2.37 Bn | | cost = C1: [[United States Dollar|US$]]900 [[million|Mn]] (1993)<ref name="Vij Books, Chandra, 2016">{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Dr Suresh |title=China-Pakistan Relations : Implications for India. |date=2016 |publisher=Vij Books India Private Limited |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-93-86019-94-3 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/China_Pakistan_Relations/u8HLDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=chashma+nuclear+power+plant+1993+cost&pg=PT182&printsec=frontcover |accessdate=19 August 2020 |language=en-uk |format=googlebooks}}</ref><br>C2: US$0.86 [[billion|Bn]]<br>C3/C4/C5 total: US$2.37 Bn | ||
| owner = [[Pakistan | | owner = [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]] | ||
| operator = | | operator = Atomic Energy Commission<br>[[China–Pakistan Power Plant Corporation|China–Pakistan Power Corp.]]<br>{{small|(Site and energy management)}} | ||
| employees = | | employees = | ||
<!------------------------- NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS --> | <!------------------------- NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS --> | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
| ps_units_decommissioned = | | ps_units_decommissioned = | ||
| ps_electrical_capacity = 325 MW (each) | | ps_electrical_capacity = 325 MW (each) | ||
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = | | ps_electrical_cap_fac = 90.3% (lifetime) | ||
| ps_annual_generation = 300 MW | | ps_annual_generation = 300 MW | ||
(each) | (each) | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
The '''Chashma Nuclear Power Plant''' (or '''CHASNUPP'''), is a large commercial [[nuclear power plant]] located in the vicinities of [[Chashma, Pakistan|Chashma colony]] and [[Kundian]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Contract for Chashma nuclear plant unit-2 signed |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/358120/contract-for-chashma-nuclear-plant-unit-2-signed |accessdate=14 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=5 May 2004 |language=en}}</ref> | The '''Chashma Nuclear Power Plant''' (or '''CHASNUPP'''), is a large commercial [[nuclear power plant]] located in the vicinities of [[Chashma, Pakistan|Chashma colony]] and [[Kundian]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Contract for Chashma nuclear plant unit-2 signed |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/358120/contract-for-chashma-nuclear-plant-unit-2-signed |accessdate=14 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=5 May 2004 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Officially known as '''Chashma Nuclear Power Complex''', the nuclear power plant is generating energy for industrial usage with four nuclear reactors with one being in | Officially known as '''Chashma Nuclear Power Complex''', the nuclear power plant is generating energy for industrial usage with four nuclear reactors with one being in construction phase in cooperation with the [[China]].<ref name="IPCS, Kulkarni, 2020">{{cite web |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Tanvi |title=Sino-Pak Nuclear Engagement -I: The Big 'Deal' {{!}} IPCS |url=http://www.ipcs.org/focusthemsel.php?articleNo=3303 |website=www.ipcs.org |publisher=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The power site is covered under the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) [[IAEA safeguards|monitoring and safeguards]] which also provide funding for the site expansion.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://payvand.com/news/06/nov/1318.html |title = Pakistan gets IAEA approval for new N-plant}}</ref> Planning of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant took place with [[France]] in 1973 but the site was completed with China's joining the project, and later providing the reactor in 1993.<ref>[[Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood|Mahmood, S. B.]], ''Munir Ahmad Khan Memorial Reference'', a memorial speech delivered at the Memorial Reference held in the memory of Munir Ahmed in Islamabad, 28 April 2007, access date: 18 August 2020.</ref> | ||
With growing demands of energy that was recognized in November 2006, the IAEA approved an agreement with Pakistan for new nuclear power plants to be built in the country with Chinese assistance when its Board of Governors of unanimously approved the safeguards agreement for any future Nuclear Power Plants that Pakistan will be constructing.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_pakistan-gets-approval-for-nuke-plant_1066118 |title = Pakistan gets approval for nuke plant|date = 25 November 2006}}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Planning and design phase of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant began in 1973–75 by the [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] (PAEC) with its chairman, [[Munir Ahmad Khan]], selecting the [[Chashma Pakistan|Chashma Lake]] as its potential site.<ref>[[Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood|Mahmood, S. B.]], ''Munir Ahmad Khan Memorial Reference'', a memorial speech delivered at the Memorial Reference held in the memory of Munir Ahmed in Islamabad, 28 April 2007, access date: 18 August 2020.</ref> In 1974, Bhutto administration entered in negotiation over the supply of the nuclear power plant with [[France]], presenting the initial design by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, and signed a contract with France's [[Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives|''Commissariat à l'énergie atomique'']] (CEA) to provide funding of the nuclear power plant and a separate plutonium production facility in Khushab.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004">{{cite web |last1=Shabbir |first1=Usman |title=Remembering Unsung Heroes: Munir Ahmed Khan |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2004-5/print/p-cvs.asp |website=www.defencejournal.com |publisher=Defense Journal |accessdate=19 August 2020 |location=Islamabad |language=en-us |date=5 May 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> | Planning and design phase of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant began in 1973–75 by the [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] (PAEC) with its chairman, [[Munir Ahmad Khan]], selecting the [[Chashma Pakistan|Chashma Lake]] as its potential site.<ref>[[Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood|Mahmood, S. B.]], ''Munir Ahmad Khan Memorial Reference'', a memorial speech delivered at the Memorial Reference held in the memory of Munir Ahmed in Islamabad, 28 April 2007, access date: 18 August 2020.</ref> In 1974, Bhutto administration entered in negotiation over the supply of the nuclear power plant with [[France]], presenting the initial design by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, and signed a contract with France's [[Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives|''Commissariat à l'énergie atomique'']] (CEA) to provide funding of the nuclear power plant and a separate plutonium production facility in Khushab.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004">{{cite web |last1=Shabbir |first1=Usman |title=Remembering Unsung Heroes: Munir Ahmed Khan |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2004-5/print/p-cvs.asp |website=www.defencejournal.com |publisher=Defense Journal |accessdate=19 August 2020 |location=Islamabad |language=en-us |date=5 May 2004 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050118092337/http://www.defencejournal.com:80/2004-5/print/p-cvs.asp |archive-date=18 January 2005 }}</ref> | ||
Negotiations over the supply of commercial nuclear power plant became controversial and further complicated after India's nuclear test, '[[Smiling Buddha]]', conducted in 1974.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004"/> In February 1976, French government began to show increased concern over the export of technology and Bhutto administration eventually suggested to sign a [[IAEA safeguards|safeguard agreement]] which would brought the nuclear power plant under International Atomic Energy Agency's watch.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004"/> The French government agreed on this proposal and eventually signed a safeguard agreement with Bhutto administration on 18 March 1976.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004"/> | Negotiations over the supply of commercial nuclear power plant became controversial and further complicated after India's nuclear test, '[[Smiling Buddha]]', conducted in 1974.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004"/> In February 1976, French government began to show increased concern over the export of technology and Bhutto administration eventually suggested to sign a [[IAEA safeguards|safeguard agreement]] which would brought the nuclear power plant under International Atomic Energy Agency's watch.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004"/> The French government agreed on this proposal and eventually signed a safeguard agreement with Bhutto administration on 18 March 1976.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004"/> | ||
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{{Main|Nuclear reactor technology}} | {{Main|Nuclear reactor technology}} | ||
=== | === C1 and C2 === | ||
The first reactor unit is a 300-MW two-loop [[pressurized water reactor]] (PWR), using between 2.4—3.0% [[low-enriched uranium]] (LEU) fuel.<ref>{{cite web |title=CHASNUPP-1 {{!}} Facilities {{!}} NTI |url=https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/112/ |website=www.nti.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> Its design is based on the Chinese [[CNP-300]] reactor with PAEC scientists and engineers designed in China with their nation's standards and regulations.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004" /> It is the first Chinese export of a nuclear power plant.<ref>https://www.uxc.com/smr/uxc_SMRDetail.aspx?key=CNP-300 Info on CNP-300 at Ux Consulting</ref> The reactor has a thermal capacity of 999 MW and a gross electrical capacity of 325 MW, with a net output of about 300 MW.<ref name="WNO C1">{{cite web |title=Chashma Nuclear Power Plant 1 |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/reactor/default.aspx/CHASNUPP-1 |website=www.world-nuclear.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> Since its commissioning in 2000, the reactor has been kept at 90.3% capacity factor, generating 2,335.5 [[Gigawatt-hour|GW-h]] of electricity as of 2019.<ref name="WNO C1"/> The first reactor unit went on critical phase on 2 May 2000 and joined the nation's electricity grid system on 12 June 2000; it commenced its official operations on 14 September 2000.<ref name="WNO C1"/> | The first reactor unit, C1, is a 300-MW two-loop [[pressurized water reactor]] (PWR), using between 2.4—3.0% [[low-enriched uranium]] (LEU) fuel.<ref>{{cite web |title=CHASNUPP-1 {{!}} Facilities {{!}} NTI |url=https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/112/ |website=www.nti.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> Its design is based on the Chinese [[CNP-300]] reactor with PAEC scientists and engineers designed in China with their nation's standards and regulations.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004" /> It is the first Chinese export of a nuclear power plant.<ref>https://www.uxc.com/smr/uxc_SMRDetail.aspx?key=CNP-300 Info on CNP-300 at Ux Consulting</ref> The reactor has a thermal capacity of 999 MW and a gross electrical capacity of 325 MW, with a net output of about 300 MW.<ref name="WNO C1">{{cite web |title=Chashma Nuclear Power Plant 1 |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/reactor/default.aspx/CHASNUPP-1 |website=www.world-nuclear.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> Since its commissioning in 2000, the reactor has been kept at 90.3% capacity factor, generating 2,335.5 [[Gigawatt-hour|GW-h]] of electricity as of 2019.<ref name="WNO C1"/> The first reactor unit went on critical phase on 2 May 2000 and joined the nation's electricity grid system on 12 June 2000; it commenced its official operations on 14 September 2000.<ref name="WNO C1"/> | ||
After the first reactor unit, the [[Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority]] (PNRA) refrained the PAEC to start working on the second unit right away because the agency wanted to monitor the nuclear reactor for its safety and performances for at least 3-years— first year and half for nominal power and rest of the time at full power as this is the most critical phase.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004" /><ref name="PNRA response">{{cite news |last1=Newspaper |first1=the |title=PNRA response |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1277995 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=17 August 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | After the first reactor unit, the [[Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority]] (PNRA) refrained the PAEC to start working on the second unit right away because the agency wanted to monitor the nuclear reactor for its safety and performances for at least 3-years— first year and half for nominal power and rest of the time at full power as this is the most critical phase.<ref name="Defense Journal, Shabbir, 2004" /><ref name="PNRA response">{{cite news |last1=Newspaper |first1=the |title=PNRA response |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1277995 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=17 August 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
In May 2004, the Nuclear Regulatory Authority allowed the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to sign the contract with the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) to start the work on the second reactor, ''CHASNUPP-II'', which would be modeled as similar to ''CHASNUPP-I'' design.<ref>{{cite web |title=CHASNUPP-2 {{!}} Facilities {{!}} NTI |url=https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/113/ |website=www.nti.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The construction of the second unit start on 27 December 2005 and achieved its critical phase on 21 February 2011.<ref name="WNO C2">{{cite web |title=Chashma Nuclear Power Plant 2 |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/reactor/default.aspx/CHASNUPP-2 |website=www.world-nuclear.org |publisher=WNO |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The ''CHASNUPP-II''joined the nation's electricity grid system on 13 March 2011 and commenced its official operations on 17 May 2011.<ref name="WNO C1"/ | In May 2004, the Nuclear Regulatory Authority allowed the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to sign the contract with the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) to start the work on the second reactor, ''CHASNUPP-II'', which would be modeled as similar to ''CHASNUPP-I'' design.<ref>{{cite web |title=CHASNUPP-2 {{!}} Facilities {{!}} NTI |url=https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/113/ |website=www.nti.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The construction of the second unit start on 27 December 2005 and achieved its critical phase on 21 February 2011.<ref name="WNO C2">{{cite web |title=Chashma Nuclear Power Plant 2 |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/reactor/default.aspx/CHASNUPP-2 |website=www.world-nuclear.org |publisher=WNO |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The ''CHASNUPP-II''joined the nation's electricity grid system on 13 March 2011 and commenced its official operations on 17 May 2011.<ref name="WNO C1"/> | ||
=== | The second unit, C2, is also a [[CNP-300]] reactor with nominal difference of generating a gross electrical capacity of 325 MWe with a net output of about 300 MW.<ref name="WNO C2"/> The reactor was designed and built in Pakistan with local industry's participation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chashma plant second phase delayed |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/124051 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=9 November 2003 |language=en}}</ref> Pakistani administration eventually financed the commercial nuclear power plant for industrial usage and reportedly contracted Chinese National Nuclear Corp. for overseeing the second unit to be installed, which was officially inaugurated on 10 May 2011 by former Prime Minister [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]].<ref name=TheNews>{{cite news|title=PM inaugurates 330MW Chashma-2 N-power plant|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-5952-PM-inaugurates-330MW-Chashma-2-N-power-plant|accessdate=29 August 2013|newspaper=[[The News International]]|date=13 May 2011}}</ref><ref name=PakObserver>{{cite news |date=27 July 2013 |title=China to build 2,200 MW N-power facility for Pakistan |url=http://www3.pakobserver.net/201307/27/detailnews.asp?id=213862 |newspaper=[[Pakistan Observer]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615184414/http://pakobserver.net/201307/27/detailnews.asp?id=213862 |archive-date=15 June 2015 |url-status=dead |accessdate=15 October 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> The Pakistani government [[Economics of nuclear power plants|provided finance]] of US$860 Mn, with Chinese banks loaning the nation US$350 Mn.<ref name="Expanding nuclear power generation">{{cite news |last1=InpaperMagazine |first1=From |title=Expanding nuclear power generation |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/644903/www.tupernic.com |work=DAWN.COM |date=18 July 2011 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
=== C3 and C4 === | |||
On 28 April 2009, a general engineering and design contract for third and fourth units were signed with Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute at the cost of US$2.37 Bn.<ref name="World Nuclear Industry Status Report">{{cite web |title=Chasnupp-3 Connected to the Grid in Pakistan |url=https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/Chasnupp-3-Connected-to-the-Grid-in-Pakistan.html |website=World Nuclear Industry Status Report |accessdate=19 August 2020 |language=en |date=11 November 2016}}</ref> Construction of ''CHASNUPP-III'' begin on 28 May 2011 and it went on its critical phase on 1 August 2016.<ref name="WNO C3">{{cite web |title=PRIS - Reactor Details |url=https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1044 |website=pris.iaea.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The ''CHASNUPP-III'' joined the nation's electricity grid system on 15 October 2016 and commenced its operations on 6 December 2016.<ref name="WNO C3"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's Chashma 3 inaugurated - World Nuclear News |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Pakistan-s-Chashma-3-inaugurated |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=www.world-nuclear-news.org}}</ref> The ''CHASNUPP-III'' is a 315-MW two-loop [[pressurized water reactor]] (PWR), using between 2.4—3.0% [[low-enriched uranium]] (LEU) fuel with a gross capacity of 340 MW.<ref name="WNO C3"/> | On 28 April 2009, a general engineering and design contract for third and fourth units were signed with Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute at the cost of US$2.37 Bn.<ref name="World Nuclear Industry Status Report">{{cite web |title=Chasnupp-3 Connected to the Grid in Pakistan |url=https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/Chasnupp-3-Connected-to-the-Grid-in-Pakistan.html |website=World Nuclear Industry Status Report |accessdate=19 August 2020 |language=en |date=11 November 2016}}</ref> Construction of ''CHASNUPP-III'' begin on 28 May 2011 and it went on its critical phase on 1 August 2016.<ref name="WNO C3">{{cite web |title=PRIS - Reactor Details |url=https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1044 |website=pris.iaea.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> The ''CHASNUPP-III'' joined the nation's electricity grid system on 15 October 2016 and commenced its operations on 6 December 2016.<ref name="WNO C3"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan's Chashma 3 inaugurated - World Nuclear News |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Pakistan-s-Chashma-3-inaugurated |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=www.world-nuclear-news.org}}</ref> The ''CHASNUPP-III'' is a 315-MW two-loop [[pressurized water reactor]] (PWR), using between 2.4—3.0% [[low-enriched uranium]] (LEU) fuel with a gross capacity of 340 MW.<ref name="WNO C3"/> | ||
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The ''CHASNUPP-IV'' is also a CNP-300 type and is a 315-MW two-loop pressurized reactor with a gross capacity of 340 MW.<ref name="WNO C4">{{cite web |title=PRIS - Reactor Details |url=https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1045 |website=pris.iaea.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> Construction of the fourth reactor started on 18 December 2011 and it went critical on 15 March 2017.<ref name="WNO C4"/> The ''CHASNUPP-IV'' was connected to nation's grid system on 25 June 2017, and commenced its operations on 19 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Pakistans-Chashma-4-connected-to-grid-0307174.html | title=Pakistan's Chashma 4 connected to grid - World Nuclear News}}</ref><ref name="C4 Online">{{cite news |title=Pakistan's fourth nuclear power plant, built with China's assistance, goes online |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1304960 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=28 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | The ''CHASNUPP-IV'' is also a CNP-300 type and is a 315-MW two-loop pressurized reactor with a gross capacity of 340 MW.<ref name="WNO C4">{{cite web |title=PRIS - Reactor Details |url=https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1045 |website=pris.iaea.org |accessdate=19 August 2020}}</ref> Construction of the fourth reactor started on 18 December 2011 and it went critical on 15 March 2017.<ref name="WNO C4"/> The ''CHASNUPP-IV'' was connected to nation's grid system on 25 June 2017, and commenced its operations on 19 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Pakistans-Chashma-4-connected-to-grid-0307174.html | title=Pakistan's Chashma 4 connected to grid - World Nuclear News}}</ref><ref name="C4 Online">{{cite news |title=Pakistan's fourth nuclear power plant, built with China's assistance, goes online |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1304960 |accessdate=19 August 2020 |work=DAWN.COM |date=28 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
=== | === C5=== | ||
In March 2013, Pakistan and China agreed to build a fifth unit at the Chashma nuclear power plant site, eventually signing an agreement on 27 November 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=China's CNNC to build Unit 5 of Chashma NPP in Pakistan |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/chinas-cnnc-build-unit-5-chashma-npp-pakistan/ |website=Power Technology {{!}} Energy News and Market Analysis |accessdate=19 August 2020 |date=24 November 2017}}</ref> It will be an [[Hualong One]] reactor. [[China National Nuclear Corporation]] and the [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] had signed a cooperation agreement for the construction of a 1,100 MW [[Hualong One]] nuclear reactor at the Chashma nuclear power plant in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2121532/china-build-third-hualong-one-nuclear-reactor-pakistan China ‘to build third Hualong One nuclear reactor’ in Pakistan]</ref> | In March 2013, Pakistan and China agreed to build a fifth unit at the Chashma nuclear power plant site, eventually signing an agreement on 27 November 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=China's CNNC to build Unit 5 of Chashma NPP in Pakistan |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/chinas-cnnc-build-unit-5-chashma-npp-pakistan/ |website=Power Technology {{!}} Energy News and Market Analysis |accessdate=19 August 2020 |date=24 November 2017}}</ref> It will be an [[Hualong One]] reactor. [[China National Nuclear Corporation]] and the [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] had signed a cooperation agreement for the construction of a 1,100 MW [[Hualong One]] nuclear reactor at the Chashma nuclear power plant in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2121532/china-build-third-hualong-one-nuclear-reactor-pakistan China ‘to build third Hualong One nuclear reactor’ in Pakistan]</ref> | ||
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==Training opportunities== | ==Training opportunities== | ||
Since 2000, the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant offers training programs and certification in engineering and health physics.<ref name="PAEC CHASCENT">{{cite web |title=PAEC CHASCENT |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/HRD/ |accessdate=20 August 2020}}</ref> Its training | Since 2000, the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant offers training programs and certification in engineering and health physics.<ref name="PAEC CHASCENT">{{cite web |title=PAEC CHASCENT |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/HRD/ |accessdate=20 August 2020}}</ref> Its training centre is known as "CHASNUPP Centre of Nuclear Training" (or CHASCENT) offers a one-year postgraduate training program in engineering and a one-year post-diploma training program in health physics.<ref>{{cite web |title=CHASNUPP Center for Nuclear Training (CHASCENT) {{!}} Facilities {{!}} NTI |url=https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/88/ |website=www.nti.org |accessdate=20 August 2020}}</ref> The facility is equipped with a full-scope training simulator, laboratories, a library, a physical models house, and an auditorium.<ref>Amer Manzoor, Mahmood Shah, and Zahid Salman, "Simulators; Training Methodology for Chashma," Nuclear Engineering International, 20 August 2002.</ref> | ||
The simulator is used for providing training to the nuclear power plant operators. Apart from training nuclear plant operators the centre offers various engineering programs at diploma and degree levels.<ref>Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, "Chasnupp | The simulator is used for providing training to the nuclear power plant operators. Apart from training nuclear plant operators the centre offers various engineering programs at diploma and degree levels.<ref>Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, "Chasnupp Centre for Nuclear Training," www.paec.gov/pk.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||