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[[File:Kilakarai Arabic tombstone.jpg|thumb|Arwi script in a tombstone at [[Kilakarai]], [[Palaiya Jumma Palli|Old Jumma Masjid]]]]
'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْأَرْوِيَّة}} {{transl|ar|al-arwiyyah}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{lang|ar|الْأَرْوِيَّة}}, {{transl|ar|ALA|al-arwiyyah}} or ''{{transl|ar|أَرْوِيّ}}''<span style="margin-left:3px">,</span> Arwiyy;<ref name="tors" /> Tamil: {{lang|ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}}, {{transl|ta|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Muslims|Muslim]] minority of [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].


==Etymology==
== History ==
The word arwi came from the word 'aravam' literally it refers to tamil.
[[File:Kilakarai Arabic tombstone.jpg|thumb|left|Arwi script in a tombstone at [[Kilakarai]], [[Palaiya Jumma Palli|Old Jumma Masjid]]]]


==History==
Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and [[Marakkar|Tamil-speaking Muslims]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in [[Kayalpatnam|Kayalpattinam]]. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, [[sufism]], law, medicine and [[sexology]], of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<ref>
Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and [[Marakkar|Tamil-speaking Muslims]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in [[Kayalpatnam|Kayalpattinam]]. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, [[sufism]], law, medicine and [[sexology]], of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<ref>
''216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. [http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html |date=2012-10-02 }} accessed on 2009-08-14
''216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. [http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html |date=2012-10-02 }} accessed on 2009-08-14
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There was also a translation of the [[Bible]] into Arwi in 1926.  
There was also a translation of the [[Bible]] into Arwi in 1926.  


Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Indian Tamil Muslim and [[Sri Lankan Moors|Sri Lankan Moor]] families.
Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil muslim ([[Arwi Muslims|Arwi Muslim]]) and [[Sri Lankan Moors|Sri Lankan Moor]] families.
{{Clear|left}}


==Script==
== Script ==
The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet with thirteen additional letters, used to represent the Tamil vowels ''e'' and ''o'' and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<ref name="tors"/>
[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|left|250px|Sample text written in the Arwi dialect of Tamil with its Arabic-based Jawi alphabet.]]
[[File:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|right|350px]]


[[Image:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|350px|Arwi letters not found in Arabic]]
The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels ''e'' and ''o'' and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<ref name="tors"/>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{|dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl wikitable" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center"
|+ Arwi vowels arranged according to the [[Tamil script|Tamil order]] (right to left)
|+lang="en" dir="ltr"| Arwi vowels arranged according to the [[Tamil script|Tamil order]] <small>(right to left)</small>
|-
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{lang|ta|ஔ}} || {{lang|ta|ஓ}} || {{lang|ta|ஒ}} || {{lang|ta|ஐ}} || {{lang|ta|ஏ}} || {{lang|ta|எ}} || {{lang|ta|ஊ}} || {{lang|ta|உ}} || {{lang|ta|ஈ}} || {{lang|ta|இ}} || {{lang|ta|ஆ}} || {{lang|ta|அ}}
| {{Lang|ta|எ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஏ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஐ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஒ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஓ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஔ}}
|-
| {{Lang|ta|அ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஆ}} || {{Lang|ta|இ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஈ}} || {{Lang|ta|உ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஊ}}
| {{lang|ar|اَو}} || {{lang|ar|او}} || {{lang|ar|اٗ}} || {{lang|ar|اَی}} || {{lang|ar|ای}} || {{lang|ar|ࣣا}} || {{lang|ar|اُو}} || {{lang|ar|اُ}} || {{lang|ar|اِی}} || {{lang|ar|اِ}} || {{lang|ar|آ}} || {{lang|ar|اَ}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
|-
| {{Script/Arabic|اَ}} || {{Script/Arabic|آ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اِ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اِی}} || {{Script/Arabic|اُ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اُو}}
| {{transl|ar|au}} || {{transl|ar|ō}} || {{transl|ar|o}} || {{transl|ar|ai}} || {{transl|ar|ē}} || {{transl|ar|e}} || {{transl|ar|ū}} || {{transl|ar|u}} || {{transl|ar|ī}} || {{transl|ar|i}} || {{transl|ar|ā}} || {{transl|ar|a}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ࣣا}} || {{Script/Arabic|ای}} || {{Script/Arabic|اَی}} || {{Script/Arabic|اٗ}} || {{Script/Arabic|اٗو}} || {{Script/Arabic|اَو}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|a}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ā}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|i}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ī}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|u}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ū}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|e}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ē}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ai}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|o}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ō}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|au}}
|}
 
{|dir="rtl" class="mw-content-rtl" style="margin:.6em 0 .6em auto;text-align:center"
|-
|-
|style="padding:0"|
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|+lang="en" dir="ltr"| Arwi letters arranged according to the [[Arabic script in Unicode|Arabic alphabetical order]] <small>(right to left)</small>
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ஆ}} || &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|த்த}} || &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|ஜ}} || {{Lang|ta|ச்ச}} || &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|ஃக}}
| {{Lang|ta|த}} || {{Lang|ta|ட}} || {{Lang|ta|ட்ட}} || &nbsp; || &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|ள}} || &nbsp;
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ا}} || {{Script/Arabic|ب}} || {{Script/Arabic|ت}} || {{Script/Arabic|ث}} || {{Script/Arabic|ج}} || {{Script/Arabic|چ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ح}} || {{Script/Arabic|خ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|د}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڊ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڍ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ذ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ض}} || {{Script/Arabic|صٜ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ص}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ā}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|b}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|t}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḍ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḷ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ṣ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|s̱}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|j}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|c}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|h̤}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|k͟h}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|d}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|D}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|T}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ẕ}}
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Lang|ta|ஷ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஸ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஃஜ}} || {{Lang|ta|ர}} || {{Lang|ta|ற}} || {{Lang|ta|ழ}} || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
| &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|ங}} || &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|ஃப}} || {{Lang|ta|ப}} || &nbsp; || {{Lang|ta|க்க}} || {{Lang|ta|க}}
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| {{Script/Arabic|ش}} || {{Script/Arabic|س}} || {{Script/Arabic|ز}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڔ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ر}} || {{Script/Arabic|ۻ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ط}} || {{Script/Arabic|ظ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ع}} || {{Script/Arabic|ࢳ}} || {{Script/Arabic|غ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ف}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڣ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ق}} || {{Script/Arabic|ك}} || {{Script/Arabic|ࢴ}}
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ś}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|s}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|z}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|r̠}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|r}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ḻ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|t̤}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ẓ}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|‘}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ng}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ġ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|f}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|p}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|q}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|k}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|g}}
|}
|}
[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumbnail|Arwi]]
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:.3em 0"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-lang="ta" dir="ltr" style="font-size:150%"
|+ Arwi letters arranged according to the [[Arabic script in Unicode#Character table|Arabic {{transl|ar|hijā’ī}} order]]
| {{Lang|ta|ல}} || {{Lang|ta|ம}} || {{Lang|ta|ன, ந}} || {{Lang|ta|ண}} || {{Lang|ta|ஞ}} || {{Lang|ta|ஹ}} || {{Lang|ta|வ}} || {{Lang|ta|ய}}
|-
|-lang="ta-Arab" style="font-size:150%"
| || {{lang|ta|ள்}} || || {{lang|ta|ஷ்}} || {{lang|ta|ஸ்}} || {{lang|ta|ஃஜ்}} || {{lang|ta|ர்}} || {{lang|ta|ற்}} || || {{lang|ta|ட்ட்}} || {{lang|ta|ட்}} || {{lang|ta|த்}} || {{lang|ta|ஃக்}} || || {{lang|ta|ச்ச்}} || {{lang|ta|ஜ்}} || || {{lang|ta|த்த்}} || || {{lang|ta|ஆ}}
| {{Script/Arabic|ل}} || {{Script/Arabic|م}} || {{Script/Arabic|ن}} || {{Script/Arabic|ڹ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ݧ}} || {{Script/Arabic|ه}} || {{Script/Arabic|و}} || {{Script/Arabic|ي}}
|-
|-dir="ltr" style="font-size:125%"
| {{lang|ar|ض}} || {{lang|ar|صٜ}} || {{lang|ar|ص}} || {{lang|ar|ش}} || {{lang|ar|س}} || {{lang|ar|ز}} || {{lang|ar|ڔ}} || {{lang|ar|ر}} || {{lang|ar|ذ}} || {{lang|ar|ڍ}} || {{lang|ar|ڊ}} || {{lang|ar|د}} || {{lang|ar|خ}} || {{lang|ar|ح}} || {{lang|ar|چ}} || {{lang|ar|ج}} || {{lang|ar|ث}} || {{lang|ar|ت}} || {{lang|ar|ب}} || {{lang|ar|ا}}
| {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|l}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|m}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|n}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ṇ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|ñ}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|h}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|w}} || {{Transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|y}}
|-
| {{transl|ar|ḍ}} || {{transl|ar|ḷ}} || {{transl|ar|ṣ}} || {{transl|ar|sh}} || {{transl|ar|s}} || {{transl|ar|z}} || {{transl|ar|r}} || {{transl|ar|r̠}} || {{transl|ar|dh}} || {{transl|ar|T}} || {{transl|ar|D}} || {{transl|ar|d}} || {{transl|ar|kh}} || {{transl|ar|ḥ}} || {{transl|ar|ch}} || {{transl|ar|j}} || {{transl|ar|th}} || {{transl|ar|t}} || {{transl|ar|b}} || {{transl|ar|ā}}
|-
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| {{lang|ta|ய்}} || {{lang|ta|வ்}} || {{lang|ta|ஹ்}} || {{lang|ta|ஞ்}} || {{lang|ta|ண்}} || {{lang|ta|ந்,ன்}} || {{lang|ta|ம்}} || {{lang|ta|ல்}} || {{lang|ta|க்}} || {{lang|ta|க்க்}} || || {{lang|ta|ப்}} || {{lang|ta|ஃப்}} || || {{lang|ta|ங்}} || || || || {{lang|ta|ழ்}}
|-
| {{lang|ar|ي}} || {{lang|ar|و}} || {{lang|ar|ه}} || {{lang|ar|ݧ}} || {{lang|ar|ڹ}} || {{lang|ar|ن}} || {{lang|ar|م}} || {{lang|ar|ل}} || {{lang|ar|ࢴ}} || {{lang|ar|ك}} || {{lang|ar|ق}} || {{lang|ar|ڣ}} || {{lang|ar|ف}} || {{lang|ar|غ}} || {{lang|ar|ࢳ}} || {{lang|ar|ع}} || {{lang|ar|ظ}} || {{lang|ar|ط}} || {{lang|ar|ۻ}}
|-
| {{transl|ar|y}} || {{transl|ar|w}} || {{transl|ar|h}} || {{transl|ar|ñ}} || {{transl|ar|ṇ}} || {{transl|ar|n}} || {{transl|ar|m}} || {{transl|ar|l}} || {{transl|ar|g}} || {{transl|ar|k}} || {{transl|ar|q}} || {{transl|ar|p}} || {{transl|ar|f}} || {{transl|ar|gh}} || {{transl|ar|ng}} || '''{{transl|ar|‘}}''' || {{transl|ar| ẓ}} || {{transl|ar|ṭ}} || {{transl|ar|zh}}
|-
|}
|}
{{Clear|left}}


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[Jawi alphabet|Jawi Alphabets]]
* [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi Alphabets]]
*[[Swahili language]]
* [[Swahili language]]
*[[Arabi Malayalam]]
* [[Arabi Malayalam]]
*[[Arabic Script]]
* [[Arabic Script]]


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers]
* [http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi] Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).
* [http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi] Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).
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