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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| | | title = [[Maharani]] | ||
| name | | name = Mastani | ||
| image | | image = Mastani 28tt13.jpg | ||
| alt | | alt = An art impression of Mastani | ||
| caption | | caption = A Portrait of Mastani (dated 18th century A.D.) | ||
| birth_date = 29 August 1699 | |||
| birth_date | | birth_place = Mau Sahaniya, [[Bundelkhand]], [[Mughal Empire]] <br/> (modern day [[Chhatarpur district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]) | ||
| birth_place | | death_date = 28 April 1740 (aged 40) | ||
| death_date | | death_place = [[Pabal]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Confederacy]] <br/> (modern day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]) | ||
| death_place | | place of burial = [[Pabal]] | ||
| | | occupation = | ||
| occupation | | religion = Hinduism (by birth)<br> | ||
| spouse | [[Shia Islam]] (follower) | ||
| | | spouse = [[Baji Rao I]] | ||
| | | father = [[Chhatrasal]] | ||
| mother = Ruhaani Bai Begum | |||
| issue = [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mastani''' (29 August 1699 – 28 April 1740 [[Common Era|CE]]) was the daughter of [[ | '''Mastani''' (29 August 1699 – 28 April 1740 [[Common Era|CE]]) was the daughter of [[Chhatrasal]] and Ruhani Bai Begum. She was the second wife of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Peshwa]] (Prime Minister) [[Baji Rao I]]. Her relationship within the Maratha Brahmin family has been subject of both admiration and controversy<ref name=Mehta05/><ref name="GSC_2005"/> and well adapted in Indian novels and cinema.<ref>{{citation |title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv/1/866331.html |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|date=19 October 2015|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani|last=Inamdar|first=N. S.|date=20 October 2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7|language=en}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="GB_Mastani_KusumChopra">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47GeAwAAQBAJ|title=Mastani|last=Chopra|first=Kusum|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=9788129133304|language=en}}</ref><ref name="scroll">{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/774506/how-bajirao-and-mastani-became-a-byword-for-doomed-romance|title=How Bajirao and Mastani became a byword for doomed romance}}</ref> | <ref name="GB_Mastani_KusumChopra">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47GeAwAAQBAJ|title=Mastani|last=Chopra|first=Kusum|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=9788129133304|language=en}}</ref><ref name="scroll">{{cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/774506/how-bajirao-and-mastani-became-a-byword-for-doomed-romance|title=How Bajirao and Mastani became a byword for doomed romance}}</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Mastani was born to | Mastani was born to [[Chhatrasal]], a [[Rajput]] king, and his Muslim [[concubine]] Ruhaani Bai.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=2015-11-20|title=How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death {{!}} India News – India TV|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mastani-grave-pabel-village-visited-by-hindus-and-muslims-55996.html|access-date=2021-01-28|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|date=2005-01-01|page=108|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1-932705-54-6|language=en|quote=Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offer hand of her daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine}}</ref> Her father was the founder of the [[Panna State]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=187–188}}</ref> | ||
She and her father were followers of the [[Pranami]] [[Sampradaya]], a Hindu sect based on the [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti worship]] of Sri Krishna, but as her mother was [[Shia]], she was also a follower of Islam.<ref name="scroll" /> | She and her father were followers of the [[Pranami]] [[Sampradaya]], a Hindu sect based on the [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti worship]] of Sri Krishna, but as her mother was [[Shia]], she was also a follower of Islam.<ref name="scroll" /> | ||
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=== Marriage with Bajirao I === | === Marriage with Bajirao I === | ||
[[File:Mastani-bai.jpg|thumb|right|"Mastani bai" as depicted in ''A history of the Maratha People'']] | |||
{{Main|Bajirao I}} | {{Main|Bajirao I}} | ||
In 1728, Nawab [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]] invaded Chhatrasal's kingdom, defeated him and besieged his capital. Chhatrasal secretly wrote to Bajirao requesting his help. But being occupied in a military campaign in Malwa Bajirao did not respond until 1729 when he marched on towards Bundelkhand. Ultimately Bajirao defeated Bangash after reaching [[Jaitpur, Kulpahar|Jaitpur]] near [[Kulpahar]] in present [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book |author=G.S.Chhabra |title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&pg=PA19 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 |pages=19–28 }}</ref> | In 1728, Nawab [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]] invaded Chhatrasal's kingdom, defeated him and besieged his capital. Chhatrasal secretly wrote to Bajirao requesting his help. But being occupied in a military campaign in Malwa Bajirao did not respond until 1729 when he marched on towards Bundelkhand. Ultimately Bajirao defeated Bangash after reaching [[Jaitpur, Kulpahar|Jaitpur]] near [[Kulpahar]] in present [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book |author=G.S.Chhabra |title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC&pg=PA19 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 |pages=19–28 }}</ref> | ||
In gratitude, Chattrasal gave Bajirao the hand of his daughter Mastani, dominion over [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] and [[Kalpi]] - amounting to a third of his kingdom. After his marriage to Mastani, he also gifted Bajirao with 33 lakh gold coins and a gold mine.<ref name="GB_Mastani_KusumChopra" /><ref name="indiatvnews.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mastani-grave-pabel-village-visited-by-hindus-and-muslims-55996.html|title=How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> At the time, Bajirao was already married and monogamous by both nature and family tradition. He, however, accepted out of regard for Chattrasal | In gratitude, Chattrasal gave Bajirao the hand of his daughter Mastani, dominion over [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] and [[Kalpi]] - amounting to a third of his kingdom. After his marriage to Mastani, he also gifted Bajirao with 33 lakh gold coins and a gold mine.<ref name="GB_Mastani_KusumChopra" /><ref name="indiatvnews.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mastani-grave-pabel-village-visited-by-hindus-and-muslims-55996.html|title=How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> At the time, Bajirao was already married and monogamous by both nature and family tradition. He, however, accepted out of regard for Chattrasal.<ref name=Mehta05>{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=J. L.|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India, 1707-1813|date=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press, Inc.|location=Slough|isbn=9781932705546|page=124}}</ref> | ||
Back in Pune, the marriage was not generally accepted because of the tradition of monogamy. Mastani lived for some time with Bajirao at his palace of [[Shaniwar Wada]] in the city of [[Pune]]. The palace's north-east corner held Mastani Mahal and had its own external doorway called Mastani Darwaza. Bajirao later built a separate residence for Mastani at [[Kothrud]] in 1734,<ref name=muse>[http://www.rajakelkarmuseum.com/default/collection/c-mastani.htm Rajakelkar Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308070945/http://www.rajakelkarmuseum.com/default/collection/c-mastani.htm |date=8 March 2005 }} accessed 3 March 2008</ref> some distance away from Shaniwar Wada. The site still exists at the ''Mrutyunjay'' temple on Karve road. The palace at Kothrud was dismantled and parts of this are displayed at a special section of [[Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum]]. | Back in Pune, the marriage was not generally accepted because of the tradition of monogamy. Mastani lived for some time with Bajirao at his palace of [[Shaniwar Wada]] in the city of [[Pune]]. The palace's north-east corner held Mastani Mahal and had its own external doorway called Mastani Darwaza. Bajirao later built a separate residence for Mastani at [[Kothrud]] in 1734,<ref name=muse>[http://www.rajakelkarmuseum.com/default/collection/c-mastani.htm Rajakelkar Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308070945/http://www.rajakelkarmuseum.com/default/collection/c-mastani.htm |date=8 March 2005 }} accessed 3 March 2008</ref> some distance away from Shaniwar Wada. The site still exists at the ''Mrutyunjay'' temple on Karve road. The palace at Kothrud was dismantled and parts of this are displayed at a special section of [[Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum]].<ref name=trib>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000220/spectrum/main3.htm Tribure India] accessed 3 March 2008</ref><ref name=muse/> | ||
=== Shamsher Bahadur === | === Shamsher Bahadur === | ||
Mastani bore a son who was named Krishna Rao at birth, within a few months of Bajirao's first wife Kashibai delivering a son. The boy was eventually named Shamsher Bahadur I. | Mastani bore a son who was named Krishna Rao at birth, within a few months of Bajirao's first wife Kashibai delivering a son. The boy was eventually named Shamsher Bahadur I. | ||
After the closely following deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, [[Kashibai]] took the 6 year-old Shamsher Bahadur under her care and raised him as one of her own. Shamsher was | After the closely following deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, [[Kashibai]] took the 6 year-old Shamsher Bahadur under her care and raised him as one of her own. Shamsher was bestowed upon a portion of his father’s dominion of [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]] and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army contingent fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and Afghans. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407|title=The Cambridge History of India|last=Burn|first=Sir Richard|date=1964|publisher=CUP Archive|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
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==Descendants== | ==Descendants== | ||
[[Shamsher Bahadur]]'s son [[Ali Bahadur I]] was given the Rajputana provinces that came in Mastani's [[dowry]] - [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] and [[Kalpi]]. In 1858, during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] his son [[Nawab Ali Bahadur II]] responded to a [[Raksha Bandhan|rakhi]] from [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Laxmibai]] of [[Jhansi]] and fought against the British.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-Mastani-Mystery/articleshow/48938551.cms|title=The Mastani Mystery - Ahmedabad Mirror|work=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.amarujala.com/news/city/banda/banda-hindi-news/rani-of-jhansi-had-sought-help-from-the-nawab-of-banda-hindi-news/|title=नवाब बांदा को राखी भेजकर रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने मांगी थी मदद- Amarujala|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en}}</ref> Shamsher's successor Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda. The descendant of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance to baihi bai fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803. His descendant, Ali Bahadur fought alongside with Rani Lakshmibai in First War of Indian Independence of 1857. His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state. His present descendants lead a simple life in Banda.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} | [[Shamsher Bahadur]]'s son [[Ali Bahadur I]] was given the Rajputana provinces that came in Mastani's [[dowry]] - [[Jhansi]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] and [[Kalpi]]. In 1858, during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] his son [[Ali Bahadur II|Nawab Ali Bahadur II]] responded to a [[Raksha Bandhan|rakhi]] from [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Laxmibai]] of [[Jhansi]] and fought against the British.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/others/sunday-read/The-Mastani-Mystery/articleshow/48938551.cms|title=The Mastani Mystery - Ahmedabad Mirror|work=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.amarujala.com/news/city/banda/banda-hindi-news/rani-of-jhansi-had-sought-help-from-the-nawab-of-banda-hindi-news/|title=नवाब बांदा को राखी भेजकर रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने मांगी थी मदद- Amarujala|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=2017-12-01|language=en}}</ref> Shamsher's successor Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda. The descendant of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance to baihi bai fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803. His descendant, Ali Bahadur fought alongside with Rani Lakshmibai in First War of Indian Independence of 1857. His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state. His present descendants lead a simple life in Banda.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} | ||
==In popular culture== | ==In popular culture== | ||
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=== Films === | === Films === | ||
* 1955 - ''Mastana'' directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)|Agha]].<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0213863|title=Mastani}}</ref> | * 1955 - ''Mastana'' directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)|Agha]].<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0213863|title=Mastani}}</ref> | ||
* 2015 - ''[[Bajirao Mastani (film)|Bajirao Mastani]]'' directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] based on the [[fictional]] Marathi novel ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]''. | * 2015 - ''[[Bajirao Mastani (film)|Bajirao Mastani]]'' directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] based on the [[fictional]] Marathi novel ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]''. [[Deepika Padukone]] portrayed the character. | ||
=== Television === | === Television === | ||
* 1990 - ''Rau'' a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] TV series based on the [[fictional]] novel ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]''.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | * 1990 - ''Rau'' a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] TV series based on the [[fictional]] novel ''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]''.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} | ||
* 2015 - ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', a Marathi TV serial broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etv.co.in/e-tv-5/bajirao_mastani/index.html |title=ETV website |publisher=Etv.co.in |access-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326200714/http://www.etv.co.in/e-tv-5/bajirao_mastani/index.html |archive-date=26 March 2015 }}</ref> | * 2015 - ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', a Marathi TV serial broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etv.co.in/e-tv-5/bajirao_mastani/index.html |title=ETV website |publisher=Etv.co.in |access-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326200714/http://www.etv.co.in/e-tv-5/bajirao_mastani/index.html |archive-date=26 March 2015 }}</ref> | ||
* 2017 - ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a Hindi TV series premiered and broadcast on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV India]]. Mastani was played by Megha Chakraborty. | * 2017 - ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a Hindi TV series premiered and broadcast on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV India]]. Mastani was played by Megha Chakraborty. | ||
Kashbai Bjairao Ballal(2021) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
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[[Category:Indian female royalty]] | [[Category:Indian female royalty]] | ||
[[Category:1699 births]] | [[Category:1699 births]] | ||
[[Category:Rajput | [[Category:Rajput princesses]] | ||