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{{Short description|British Army general (1886–1969)}} | |||
{{Use British English|date=December 2012}} | {{Use British English|date=December 2012}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
|name= William Archibald Kenneth Fraser | |name= William Archibald Kenneth Fraser | ||
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==Military career== | ==Military career== | ||
Born in British India, Fraser was the son of Colonel James Fraser of the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and Susan Alberta Graves of [[County Waterford]].<ref name="birth">''India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786–1947''</ref><ref>''Ireland, Census, 1901''</ref> His father died in 1899 and the family returned to Ireland, where he was educated in [[Dublin]]. He attended | Born in British India, Fraser was the son of Colonel James Fraser of the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and Susan Alberta Graves of [[County Waterford]].<ref name="birth">''India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786–1947''</ref><ref>''Ireland, Census, 1901''</ref> His father died in 1899 and the family returned to Ireland, where he was educated in [[Dublin]]. He attended the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] and then joined the [[Indian Army]] in 1905.<ref name=lh>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/FRASER7.shtml Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]</ref> He served with the [[9th Queen's Royal Lancers]] and [[16th The Queen's Lancers]] on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] during the [[First World War]], taking part in the [[Great Retreat]] in August 1914, the [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]] in March 1915 and the [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]] in April 1917.<ref name=lh/> | ||
Fraser became Commanding Officer of the [[South Persia Rifles]] in 1919, Assistant Quartermaster General in 1920, and Inspector General of the South Persia Rifles later that year.<ref name=lh/> He went on to be military [[attaché]] in [[Kabul]] in 1922, military attaché in [[Teheran]] in 1924 and military Secretary to the [[List of Governors of Bengal|Governor of Bengal]] in 1930.<ref name=lh/> He was made Commandant of [[12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)]] and Commander of the Jubbulpore Brigade in 1935, a General Staff Officer Grade 1 at Lahore District in 1936 and Commander of the [[5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade|Mhow Brigade]] in 1937.<ref name=lh/> | Fraser became Commanding Officer of the [[South Persia Rifles]] in 1919, Assistant Quartermaster General in 1920, and Inspector General of the South Persia Rifles later that year.<ref name=lh/> He went on to be military [[attaché]] in [[Kabul]] in 1922, military attaché in [[Teheran]] in 1924 and military Secretary to the [[List of Governors of Bengal|Governor of Bengal]] in 1930.<ref name=lh/> He was made Commandant of [[12th Cavalry (Frontier Force)]] and Commander of the Jubbulpore Brigade in 1935, a General Staff Officer Grade 1 at Lahore District in 1936 and Commander of the [[5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade|Mhow Brigade]] in 1937.<ref name=lh/> | ||
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Fraser served in the [[Second World War]] and, having been promoted to [[major general]] on 26 December 1940 (with seniority from 21 April),<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=35105|page=1509| supp=y| date=11 March 1941}}</ref> he became Commander of the [[10th Indian Infantry Division]] on 15 January 1941.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=35127| date=4 April 1941|page=1971}}</ref> | Fraser served in the [[Second World War]] and, having been promoted to [[major general]] on 26 December 1940 (with seniority from 21 April),<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=35105|page=1509| supp=y| date=11 March 1941}}</ref> he became Commander of the [[10th Indian Infantry Division]] on 15 January 1941.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=35127| date=4 April 1941|page=1971}}</ref> | ||
During the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]] in 1941, the ground forces from [[British Raj|India]] that landed in [[Basra]] were initially part of an operation codenamed [[Operation Sabine]] and, as a result, the force itself was known as [[Iraqforce|Sabine Force]]. Fraser, commander of the 10th Indian Infantry Division, arrived in Basra on 18 April with his headquarters, one brigade of infantry and a regiment of artillery and assumed command of all ground forces in the [[Kingdom of Iraq]].<ref>Playfair, p. 179.</ref> The name [[Iraqforce]] replaced Sabine Force and,<ref>Lyman, p.19</ref> as force levels built up, Fraser was succeeded as commander of Iraqforce on 8 May by a more senior commander, | During the [[Anglo-Iraqi War]] in 1941, the ground forces from [[British Raj|India]] that landed in [[Basra]] were initially part of an operation codenamed [[Operation Sabine]] and, as a result, the force itself was known as [[Iraqforce|Sabine Force]]. Fraser, commander of the 10th Indian Infantry Division, arrived in Basra on 18 April with his headquarters, one brigade of infantry and a regiment of artillery and assumed command of all ground forces in the [[Kingdom of Iraq]].<ref>Playfair, p. 179.</ref> The name [[Iraqforce]] replaced Sabine Force and,<ref>Lyman, p. 19</ref> as force levels built up, Fraser was succeeded as commander of Iraqforce on 8 May by a more senior commander, Lieutenant General [[Edward Quinan]].<ref>Playfair, p. 186.</ref> On 16 May, having fallen sick, Fraser was replaced as commander of the 10th Indian Infantry Division by Major General [[William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim|William Slim]].<ref>Kempton, p. 71</ref> Fraser retired on 1 June 1941.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=35241| date=8 August 1941|page=4584}}</ref> | ||
Fraser was then re-employed by the British Army in the rank of colonel from 18 December 1941 until November 1945 as the military attaché in Teheran; he was restored to the rank of major general on retiring once again.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=37503| date=15 March 1946|page=1423| supp=y}}</ref> | Fraser was then re-employed by the British Army in the rank of colonel from 18 December 1941 until November 1945 as the military attaché in Teheran; he was restored to the rank of major general on retiring once again.<ref>{{London Gazette| issue=37503| date=15 March 1946|page=1423| supp=y}}</ref> | ||
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==External references== | ==External references== | ||
* {{cite web|url=http://www.generals.dk/general/Fraser/William_Archibald_Kenneth/Great_Britain.html |title=Generals of World War II |accessdate=28 July 2007 |last=Ammentorp|first=Steen }} | * {{cite web|url=http://www.generals.dk/general/Fraser/William_Archibald_Kenneth/Great_Britain.html |title=Generals of World War II |accessdate=28 July 2007 |last=Ammentorp|first=Steen }} | ||
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/OOBDefault.aspx |title=Orders of Battle.com |accessdate=28 July 2007 | * {{cite web|url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/OOBDefault.aspx |title=Orders of Battle.com |accessdate=28 July 2007 }} | ||
* [http://www.generals.dk/general/Fraser/William_Archibald_Kenneth/Great_Britain.html Portrait and Biography] | * [http://www.generals.dk/general/Fraser/William_Archibald_Kenneth/Great_Britain.html Portrait and Biography] | ||
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[[Category:Members of the Royal Victorian Order]] | [[Category:Members of the Royal Victorian Order]] | ||
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]] | [[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]] | ||
[[Category:British military attachés]] | |||
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]] | |||
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]] | |||