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{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and poet of the Urdu language}} | |||
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=June 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} | ||
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| caption = Mohani on a 2014 stamp of India | | caption = Mohani on a 2014 stamp of India | ||
| pseudonym = Hasrat Mohani | | pseudonym = Hasrat Mohani | ||
| birth_name = Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan | | birth_name = Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1875|01|01|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1875|01|01|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Mohan, Uttar Pradesh|Mohan]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] | | birth_place = [[Mohan, Uttar Pradesh|Mohan]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] | ||
(<small>Present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<small>) | |||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1951|05|13|1875|10|14|df=y}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|1951|05|13|1875|10|14|df=y}} | ||
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] | | death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] | ||
| occupation = Poet, Freedom fighter, Politician | | occupation = Poet, Freedom fighter, Politician, Philosopher | ||
| nationality = Indian | | nationality = Indian | ||
| period = 20th Century | |||
| genre = [[Ghazal]] | | genre = [[Ghazal]] | ||
| subject = Love and philosophy | | subject = Love and philosophy | ||
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'''Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan''' (01 January 1875 – 13 May 1951), known by his [[Takhallus|pen-name]] '''Hasrat Mohani''', was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[List of Indian independence activists|activist]], [[Resistance movement|freedom Fighter]] in the [[Indian independence movement]] and a noted poet of the [[Urdu]] language.<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite web|title=Chupke chupke raat din… (lyrics of Hasrat Mohani's famous ghazal, article also includes his profile)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/chupke-chupke-raat-din/article6361125.ece|publisher=The Hindu (newspaper)|date=29 August 2014|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> | '''Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan''' (01 January 1875 – 13 May 1951), known by his [[Takhallus|pen-name]] '''Hasrat Mohani''', was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[List of Indian independence activists|activist]], [[Resistance movement|freedom Fighter]] in the [[Indian independence movement]] and a noted poet of the [[Urdu]] language.<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite web|title=Chupke chupke raat din… (lyrics of Hasrat Mohani's famous ghazal, article also includes his profile)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/chupke-chupke-raat-din/article6361125.ece|publisher=The Hindu (newspaper)|date=29 August 2014|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
He coined the notable slogan ''[[Inquilab Zindabad]]'' (translation of "Long live the revolution!") in 1921.<ref name="illustrated_weekly_1974">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wc6AQAAIAAJ&q=zindabad+hasrat+mohani|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India|date=October 1974|publisher=Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|language=en|website=GoogleBooks|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="zee_news_2017_mohani"/> | He coined the notable slogan ''[[Inquilab Zindabad]]'' (translation of "Long live the revolution!") in 1921.<ref name="illustrated_weekly_1974">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wc6AQAAIAAJ&q=zindabad+hasrat+mohani|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India|date=October 1974|publisher=Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|language=en|website=GoogleBooks|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="zee_news_2017_mohani"/> | ||
Together with [[Swami Kumaranand]], he is regarded as the first person to demand [[Purna Swaraj|complete independence]] for India in 1921 at the Ahmedabad Session of | Together with [[Swami Kumaranand]], he is regarded as the first person to demand [[Purna Swaraj|complete independence]] for India in 1921 at the Ahmedabad Session of Congress.<ref name=MilliGazette>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/4146-hasrat-mohani-Syed-Fazlul-Hasan|title=Profile: Maulana Hasrat Mohani|website=The Milli Gazette (newspaper)|language=en|date=6 October 2012|access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="zee_news_2017_mohani"/><ref name=IndianExpress>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/70-years-of-independence-how-communists-kept-pestering-the-british-throughout-the-freedom-struggle-4802855/|title=71 years of Independence: How Communists kept pestering the British throughout the freedom struggle|date=18 August 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=12 March 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]] supported the complete independence motion demanded by Hasrat Mohani.<ref name="Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav">{{cite web|last1=Ministry of Culture|first1=Government of India|title=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?138|website=amritmahotsav.nic.in}}</ref> | ||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
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===Political=== | ===Political=== | ||
Mohani was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] for many years and | Mohani was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] for many years and then became a founder of the [[Communist Party of India]], serving as its president in 1919. He [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]].<ref name="Naqvi2017">{{cite web |last1=Naqvi |first1=Raza |title=Meet the Muslim freedom fighters who strongly opposed the Partition of India |url=https://www.inuth.com/india/meet-the-muslim-freedom-fighters-who-strongly-opposed-the-partition-of-india/ |publisher=IE Online Media Services |access-date=22 August 2020 |language=en |date=14 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Chopra1979">{{cite book |last1=Chopra |first1=Pran Nath |title=Role of Indian Muslims in the Struggle for Freedom |date=1979 |publisher=Light & Life Publishers |page=86 |language=en |quote=Soon after the declaration of the partition plan of June 3, 1947 Hasrat Mohani resigned from the Muslim League as he did not want to have the independence at the cost of the country's unity and integrity. ... After the establishment of Pakistan, Hasrat Mohani preferred to remain in India.}}</ref> After the declaration of the Partition Plan on 3 June 1947, Mohani resigned as a member of the All India Muslim League and when the division of the country occurred, he chose to live in independent India.<ref name="Chopra1979"/> He became a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] which drafted the [[Indian Constitution]]. In order to represent the remaining Indian Muslims on different platforms, Hasrat Mohani chose to live in India rather than migrate to Pakistan.<ref name=MilliGazette/> | ||
He never accepted Government allowances or stayed at official residences. Instead he stayed in mosques and used to go to the Parliament in a shared tonga. He was a religious practicing Muslim and led a simple life. Maulana had gone for [[Hajj]] (pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) several times. He used to travel in third class railroad cars. When asked why he travelled third class, he quipped because there is no fourth class.<ref name=TheHindu/><ref name=MilliGazette/> | He never accepted Government allowances or stayed at official residences. Instead he stayed in mosques and used to go to the Parliament in a shared tonga. He was a religious practicing Muslim and led a simple life. Maulana had gone for [[Hajj]] (pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], [[Saudi Arabia]]) several times. He used to travel in third class railroad cars. When asked why he travelled third class, he quipped because there is no fourth class.<ref name=TheHindu/><ref name=MilliGazette/> | ||
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Hasrat Mohani was deeply influenced by Russian revolution. His house in Kanpur was centre of preparations of the [[1925 Kanpur Communist Conference|first all India Communist conference]] of December 1925. [[K.N. Joglekar]] wrote in his reminiscences that he and Bombay group came to know through VH Joshi, going to meet [[S. A. Dange]] in Kanpur jail, that [[Satya Bhakta]], Hasrat Mohani and others were taking initiative to convene a communist conference in December 1925. Bombay group extended full support.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html|title=Foundation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925: product of (...) - Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|title=Origins of Indian communism|first=A. G.|last=NOORANI|website=Frontline}}</ref> | Hasrat Mohani was deeply influenced by Russian revolution. His house in Kanpur was centre of preparations of the [[1925 Kanpur Communist Conference|first all India Communist conference]] of December 1925. [[K.N. Joglekar]] wrote in his reminiscences that he and Bombay group came to know through VH Joshi, going to meet [[S. A. Dange]] in Kanpur jail, that [[Satya Bhakta]], Hasrat Mohani and others were taking initiative to convene a communist conference in December 1925. Bombay group extended full support.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html|title=Foundation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925: product of (...) - Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|title=Origins of Indian communism|first=A. G.|last=NOORANI|website=Frontline}}</ref> | ||
Hasrat Mohani was elected Chairman of Reception Committee (RC) of the conference.{{cn|date=August 2021}} | Hasrat Mohani was elected Chairman of Reception Committee (RC) of the conference.{{cn|date=August 2021}} Hasrat Mohani was included in the Central Executive Committee elected at the conference. He was again included in CEC in 1927 extended meeting.{{cn|date=August 2021}} | ||
Hasrat Mohani was included in the Central Executive Committee elected at the conference. He was again included in CEC in 1927 extended meeting | |||
Hasrat Mohani later attended the foundation conference of [[Progressive Writer's Association|Progressive Writers’ Association]] (PWA) in Lucknow in 1936 | Hasrat Mohani later attended the foundation conference of [[Progressive Writer's Association|Progressive Writers’ Association]] (PWA) in Lucknow in 1936{{cn|date=August 2021}} | ||
==Death and legacy== | ==Death and legacy== | ||
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==Publications== | ==Publications== | ||
* Urdu-e-Moalla (magazine)<ref name=TheHindu/><ref name=MilliGazette/> (launched in July 1903) <ref name=dawnhasrat/> | * Urdu-e-Moalla (magazine)<ref name=TheHindu/><ref name=MilliGazette/> (launched in July 1903)<ref name=dawnhasrat/> | ||
* Kulliyat-e-Hasrat Mohani (Collection of Hasrat Mohani's poetry) (Published in 1928 and 1943)<ref name=BR/> | * Kulliyat-e-Hasrat Mohani (Collection of Hasrat Mohani's poetry) (Published in 1928 and 1943)<ref name=BR/> | ||
* Sharh-e-Kalam-e-Ghalib (Explanation of Ghalib's poetry) | * Sharh-e-Kalam-e-Ghalib (Explanation of Ghalib's poetry) | ||
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205735/http://www.renaissance.com.pk/MayLetweForget94.html Profile of Maulana Hasrat Mohani - Archived] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205735/http://www.renaissance.com.pk/MayLetweForget94.html Profile of Maulana Hasrat Mohani - Archived] | ||
{{ | {{Indian Independence Movement}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
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[[Category:All India Muslim League members]] | [[Category:All India Muslim League members]] | ||
[[Category:Indian independence activists]] | [[Category:Indian independence activists]] | ||
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]] | [[Category:Urdu-language poets]] | ||
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]] | [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]] | ||