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'''Kasmandi Kalan''' is a village in [[Malihabad]] block of [[Lucknow district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Lucknow, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=94–111 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/UPA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> It is located 27 | '''Kasmandi Kalan''' is a village in [[Malihabad]] block of [[Lucknow district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Lucknow, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=94–111 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/UPA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> It is located 27 km away from central [[Lucknow]],<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Lucknow |date=1982 |pages=26–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/1276 |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> a short distance to the north of the [[Behta River]].<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Lucknow - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=195–6 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48095 |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> The village lands include two settlements,<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (38 - Lucknow District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=265, xii-xiii of section "Malihabad Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1012/1/21873_1961_LUC.pdf |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> Kasmandi Kalan proper in the north and the hamlet of [[Hafiznagar]] to the south.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Historically known as a Muslim centre,<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Kasmandi Kalan is renowned for its mango orchards (Aam ke Bag) and is surrounded by mango trees all around.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} Some mango groves here are very old, dating back to the time of the [[Nawabs of Awadh]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sthapit |first1=Bhuwon |last2=Lamers |first2=Hugo |last3=Rao |first3=Ramanatha |last4=Bailey |first4=Arwen |title=Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Good practices for in situ and on-farm conservation |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-63622-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNgmDAAAQBAJ&dq=Kasmandi+Kalan&pg=PA176 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
As of 2011, Kasmandi Kalan has a population of 6,005 people, in 1,079 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has all facilities like water supply (limited hours), petrol pumps and a railway station nearly 6 kilometers away. Like the other villages it too has its governing head, a Pradhan, who is elected every five years. | As of 2011, Kasmandi Kalan has a population of 6,005 people, in 1,079 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has all facilities like water supply (limited hours), petrol pumps and a railway station nearly 6 kilometers away. Like the other villages it too has its governing head, a Pradhan, who is elected every five years. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Kasmandi Kalan is said to be named after one Raja Kans, who was defeated and killed by [[Salar | Kasmandi Kalan is said to be named after one Raja Kans, who was defeated and killed by [[:hi:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6 %E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 %E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6 %E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80|Sayed Salar Masood Ghazi]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Tombs said to belong to some of Salar Masud's companions are found around the village, with three of the most important being those of the [[Sayyid]]s Salar/Commander Hashim, Qasim and Shahabuddin.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> At the turn of the 20th century, Kasmandi Kalan hosted a small market once per week and had a post office and a "flourishing" school.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The school had previously had an affiliated girls' school, but by then the girls' school had closed down.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Its population as of the 1901 census was 2,008, including 780 Muslims.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> | ||
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Kasmandi Kalan as consisting of 2 hamlets, with a total population of 2,338 (1,202 male and 1,136 female), in 471 households and 414 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The village lands were given as covering 1,401 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The village market, held twice weekly on Mondays and Fridays and centred around trade in cloth and handloom, had an average attendance of 800 people at the time.<ref name="Census 1961"/> | The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Kasmandi Kalan as consisting of 2 hamlets, with a total population of 2,338 (1,202 male and 1,136 female), in 471 households and 414 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The village lands were given as covering 1,401 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/> The village market, held twice weekly on Mondays and Fridays and centred around trade in cloth and handloom, had an average attendance of 800 people at the time.<ref name="Census 1961"/> | ||