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Khumra (Islam): Difference between revisions
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'''Khumra''' are a Muslim community found mainly in the [[Rohilkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India. They are also known as '''Sangtarash''' and '''Hansiri'''.<ref name=autogenerated2>Tribes and castes of North western provinces and Oudh by William Crooke page 278</ref> A few were also found in [[Panipat]] and [[Karnal]] in [[Haryana]], most of whom are now found in Pakistan. They generally refer themselves as '''Khumra Shaikh'''. The community has been granted [[Other Backward Classes]] status in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=autogenerated1>http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/Uttar%20Pradesh/Uttanpradesh-Vol1/21.pdf</ref> | '''Khumra''' are a Muslim community found mainly in the [[Rohilkhand]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India. They are also known as '''Sangtarash''' and '''Hansiri'''.<ref name=autogenerated2>Tribes and castes of North western provinces and Oudh by William Crooke page 278</ref> A few were also found in [[Panipat]] and [[Karnal]] in [[Haryana]], most of whom are now found in Pakistan. They generally refer themselves as '''Khumra Shaikh'''. The community has been granted [[Other Backward Classes]] status in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=autogenerated1>http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Pdf/Uttar%20Pradesh/Uttanpradesh-Vol1/21.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Origin == | ==Origin == | ||
The community was traditionally associated with the manufacture of millstones (chaki in [[Urdu]]), which they then peddled throughout [[North India]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. According to their traditions, they descend from the Muslim soldiers, who are said to have settled in India sometime at the start of Muslim rule in North India.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> | The community was traditionally associated with the manufacture of millstones (chaki in [[Urdu]]), which they then peddled throughout [[North India]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. According to their traditions, they descend from the Muslim soldiers, who are said to have settled in India sometime at the start of Muslim rule in North India.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> | ||
The Khumra speak Urdu, and the [[Khari boli]] dialect of [[Hindi]]. They are exclusively [[Sunni]], and claim to be of [[Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh|Shaikh]] status. They are found mainly in [[Rohilkhand]], in particular the districts of [[Bareilly District|Bareilly]], [[Bijnor District|Bijnor]], [[Moradabad District|Moradabad]] and [[Rampur District|Rampur]]. The Khumra are largely an urban community, occupying their own distinct quarters. A small number of Khumra are found in the [[Awadh]] region of Uttar Pradesh, mainly in the districts of [[Hardoi District|Hardoi]], [[Unnao District|Unnao]] and [[Sitapur District|Sitapur]].<ref name=autogenerated2 /> | The Khumra speak Urdu, and the [[Khari boli]] dialect of [[Hindi]]. They are exclusively [[Sunni]], and claim to be of [[Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh|Shaikh]] status. They are found mainly in [[Rohilkhand]], in particular the districts of [[Bareilly District|Bareilly]], [[Bijnor District|Bijnor]], [[Moradabad District|Moradabad]] and [[Rampur District|Rampur]]. The Khumra are largely an urban community, occupying their own distinct quarters. A small number of Khumra are found in the [[Awadh]] region of Uttar Pradesh, mainly in the districts of [[Hardoi District|Hardoi]], [[Unnao District|Unnao]] and [[Sitapur District|Sitapur]].<ref name=autogenerated2 /> | ||
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The community is [[endogamy|endogamous]], and consists of several [[Baradari (brotherhood)|biradaris]], all whom inter-marry and are of equal status. Of the several biradaris, the main ones are the Bahmani, Ghori, Hataiwale, Quraishi, Multani, Nawabar, Pacchawi, Pathan, Siddiqi and Tayar. In theory, all the biradari members descend from a common ancestor. The biradari name is also used as there surnames. Their customs are similar to other [[Muslims of Uttar Pradesh|Muslim]]s artisan castes, and this includes the presence of a caste council, known as a '''biradari panchayat''', which deals with intra community disputes and acts as an institution of social control. Historically, the panchayat was extremely powerful, but this is no longer the case.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> | The community is [[endogamy|endogamous]], and consists of several [[Baradari (brotherhood)|biradaris]], all whom inter-marry and are of equal status. Of the several biradaris, the main ones are the Bahmani, Ghori, Hataiwale, Quraishi, Multani, Nawabar, Pacchawi, Pathan, Siddiqi and Tayar. In theory, all the biradari members descend from a common ancestor. The biradari name is also used as there surnames. Their customs are similar to other [[Muslims of Uttar Pradesh|Muslim]]s artisan castes, and this includes the presence of a caste council, known as a '''biradari panchayat''', which deals with intra community disputes and acts as an institution of social control. Historically, the panchayat was extremely powerful, but this is no longer the case.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> | ||
The Khumra in India have now set up an India wide caste association, the All India Khumra Hansiri/ Sangtarash Biradari, which acts as pressure group and community welfare organization. Many Khumra are involved in the manufacture of fans and mats from date leaves, grinding of stones and flour milling. Others are employed as industrial labourers or agricultural workers. Only a very small number own land, and are cultivators. The community has been granted [[Other Backward Class]] status, which allows it to obtain the benefit of a number of [[Government of India]] [[affirmative action]] programmes.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> | The Khumra in India have now set up an India wide caste association, the All India Khumra Hansiri/ Sangtarash Biradari, which acts as pressure group and community welfare organization. Many Khumra are involved in the manufacture of fans and mats from date leaves, grinding of stones and flour milling. Others are employed as industrial labourers or agricultural workers. Only a very small number own land, and are cultivators. The community has been granted [[Other Backward Class]] status, which allows it to obtain the benefit of a number of [[Government of India]] [[affirmative action]] programmes.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> | ||
The Khumra of Haryana were mainly weavers, with peddling being a subsidiary occupation. They had much in common with the [[Bhatra]] [[Sikh]]s, whom they competed with, especially in the canal colonies of the Punjab. Like other Muslim communities of Haryana, they were expelled at the time of [[partition of India|partition]], and ended up settling in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Pakistani Punjab]]. They now been assimilated by the [[Momin Ansari|Ansaris]], a much larger weaving caste.<ref>Tribes and castes of Punjab and North West Frontier Province by H. A Rose</ref> | The Khumra of Haryana were mainly weavers, with peddling being a subsidiary occupation. They had much in common with the [[Bhatra]] [[Sikh]]s, whom they competed with, especially in the canal colonies of the Punjab. Like other Muslim communities of Haryana, they were expelled at the time of [[partition of India|partition]], and ended up settling in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Pakistani Punjab]]. They now been assimilated by the [[Momin Ansari|Ansaris]], a much larger weaving caste.<ref>Tribes and castes of Punjab and North West Frontier Province by H. A Rose</ref> | ||