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{{ | {{short description|Indian revolutionary (1904–1929)}} | ||
{{redirect|Jatin Das|the Indian painter and sculptor|Jatin Das (painter)}} | {{redirect|Jatin Das|the Indian painter and sculptor|Jatin Das (painter)}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=October 2015}} | {{more citations needed|date=October 2015}} | ||
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name | | name = Jatin Das | ||
| native_name = যতীন দাস | | native_name = যতীন দাস | ||
| image | | image = Martyr Jatindranath Das.jpg | ||
| caption = Das in {{circa|1929}} | |||
| birth_name = Jatindra Nath Das | |||
| caption | | birth_date = {{birth date|1904|10|27|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_name | | birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />{{small|(present-day [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])}} | ||
| birth_date | | death_date = {{death date and age|1929|09|13|1904|10|27|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] | | death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br />{{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])}} | ||
| death_date | | death_cause = [[Hunger strike]] | ||
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]] | | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | ||
| death_cause = Hunger strike | | occupation = [[Revolutionary]] | ||
| other_names = Jatin | | employer = [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] | ||
| known_for | | other_names = Jatin Da | ||
| | | known_for = Following a 63-day hunger strike in [[prison]]<br>Participating in the [[non-cooperation movement]] | ||
| website = | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Anushilan Samiti}} | {{Anushilan Samiti}} | ||
'''Jatindra Nath Das''' ({{lang-bn|যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস | '''Jatindra Nath Das''' ({{lang-bn|যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস}}; 27 October 1904 – 13 September 1929), better known as '''Jatin Das''', was an Indian [[Indian Independence Movement|independence activist]] and [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]] who worked to make [[India]] independent from the [[British Raj]] and was a member of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]. He died in the [[Central Jail Lahore|Lahore Central Jail]] after a 63-day [[hunger strike]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Das was born in 1904 in family at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. He passed the matriculation and intermediate examinations in the First Division. He joined the [[Anushilan Samiti]], a revolutionary group in [[West Bengal|Bengal]], and also participated in [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s [[non-cooperation movement]] in 1921, aged 17.{{cn|date=October 2021}} In November 1925, while studying for a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] at [[Bangabasi College]] in Calcutta, Das was arrested for his political activities and was imprisoned at the jail in [[Mymensingh]]. While interned there, he went on a [[hunger strike]] to protest the ill-treatment meted out to the political prisoners. After fasting for twenty days, the jail's superintendent apologised and he gave up the fast. [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]] taught him how to make bombs.<ref name="Chatterji">{{cite book |title=Filming Reality: The Independent Documentary Movement in India |first=Shoma A. |last=Chatterji |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2015 |isbn=978-9-35150-543-3 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xV0lDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT36}}</ref> | |||
On 14 June 1929, he was again arrested for revolutionary activities and was [[imprisoned]] in [[Lahore]] Jail to be tried under the supplementary [[Bhagat Singh#Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case|Lahore Conspiracy Case]]. | |||
On 14 June 1929 he was arrested for revolutionary activities and was [[imprisoned]] in Lahore | |||
==Hunger strike== | ==Hunger strike== | ||
In [[Central Jail Lahore|Lahore Jail]], Das began another [[hunger strike]] along with other revolutionary fighters, demanding equality for Indian political prisoners with those from Europe. The conditions of Indian inhabitants of the jails was deplorable. The uniforms that Indian prisoners were required to wear in jail with were not washed for several days, and [[rat]]s and [[cockroach]]es roamed the [[kitchen]] area making the food unsafe to eat. Indian prisoners were not provided with any reading material such as newspapers, nor paper to write on. The condition of the British prisoners in the same jail was strikingly different. | |||
Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence activists. Eventually, the jail authority recommended his unconditional release, but the government rejected the suggestion and offered to release him on bail. | |||
Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence | |||
Das died on 13 September 1929.<ref>[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Color/Suede%20Gray/Currency/P/JATINDRA%20NATH%20DAS ''Indian Post'' article]</ref> [[Durgawati Devi]] led the funeral procession, which went from [[Lahore]] to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] by train. Thousands of people rushed to the [[railway station]]s to pay homage to Das. A two-mile long procession in Calcutta carried the coffin to the cremation ground. It was [[Subhash Chandra Bose]], who received the coffin of Das at [[Howrah railway station]] and led the funeral procession to the cremation ground. The hunger strike of Das in prison was one crucial moment in the resistance against illegal detentions.<ref name=durba>{{cite conference | |||
|first=Durba | |first=Durba | ||
|last=Ghosh | |last=Ghosh | ||
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|archive-date= 9 June 2007 | |archive-date= 9 June 2007 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
[[File:Jatin_Das_on_his_death_bed.jpg|thumb| | [[File:Jatin_Das_on_his_death_bed.jpg|thumb|Das on his death bed in 1929]] | ||
[[File:Jatindra Nath Das 1979 stamp of India bw.jpg|thumb|Das on a 1979 stamp of India]] | [[File:Jatindra Nath Das 1979 stamp of India bw.jpg|thumb|Das on a 1979 post-stamp of [[India]]]] | ||
After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So there are only Bhagat Singh and Dutt who are on strike."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=Nayar, Kuldip |title=The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC|year=2000|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}</ref> | After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr. Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So, there are only [[Bhagat Singh]] and [[Batukeshwar Dutt]] who are on strike."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=Nayar, Kuldip |title=The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC|year=2000|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}</ref> | ||
Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". | Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". Bose described Das as the "young [[Dadhichi]] of India", referring to the well known mythological yogi [[Dadhichi]] who sacrificed his life for the sake of killing a demon. | ||
[[File:The_Tribune_newspaper,_Jatin_Das_passes_away1929.png|thumb|The Tribune | [[File:The_Tribune_newspaper,_Jatin_Das_passes_away1929.png|thumb|Newspaper of [[The Tribune]] which showed that Das died, 1929]] | ||
==Popular culture== | ==Popular culture== | ||
In the 2002 film ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'', the character of | In the 2002 film ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'', the character of Das was played by [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1569093/ Amitabh Bhattacharjee]. IMDb</ref> A 35-minute documentary film titled ''Immortal Martyr Jatin Das'' was released in 2009.<ref name="Chatterji"/> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* [[Potti Sreeramulu]] | * [[Potti Sreeramulu]] | ||
* [[Thileepan]] | * [[Thileepan]] | ||
*[[Bhagat Singh]] | * [[Bhagat Singh]] | ||
*[[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] | * [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]] | ||
* [[Bagha Jatin]] | * [[Bagha Jatin]] | ||
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[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]] | [[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]] | ||
[[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]] | [[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]] | ||
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]] | |||
[[Category:Indian people who died in prison custody]] | |||