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The '''Allahabad Kumbh Mela''', also '''Prayag Kumbh Mela''', is a [[mela]], or religious gathering, associated with [[Hinduism]] and held in the city of [[Allahabad]] (also Prayagraj), India, at the Prayag or [[Triveni Sangam]]—which represents the [[confluence]] of three rivers two of which, the [[Ganges]] (also Ganga) and the [[Yamuna]], have objective existence, and one, the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]] is mythical.<ref name=britkumbh1>{{cite book | The '''Allahabad Kumbh Mela''', also '''Prayag Kumbh Mela''', is a [[mela]], or religious gathering, associated with [[Hinduism]] and held in the city of [[Allahabad]] (also Prayagraj), India, at the Prayag or [[Triveni Sangam]]—which represents the [[confluence]] of three rivers two of which, the [[Ganges]] (also Ganga) and the [[Yamuna]], have objective existence, and one, the [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]] is mythical.<ref name=britkumbh1>{{cite book|title=Kumbh Mela: Hindu festival| publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|year= 2015|url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kumbh-Mela}}</ref> The festival is marked by a ritual dip in the waters, but it is also a celebration of community commerce with numerous fairs, education, religious discourses by saints, mass feedings of monks or the poor, and entertainment spectacle.<ref name=eckp154>{{cite book|author=Diana L. Eck|title=India: A Sacred Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uD_0P6gS-vMC|year=2012|publisher=Harmony Books|isbn=978-0-385-53190-0|pages=153–155}}</ref><ref name=sox5264>{{cite book|author=Williams Sox| editor= Lindsay Jones| title=Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd Edition| year= 2005|publisher= Macmillan|volume= 8|pages=5264–5265}}, Quote: "The special power of the Kumbha Mela is often said to be due in part to the presence of large numbers of Hindu monks, and many pilgrims seek the darsan (Skt., darsana; auspicious mutual sight) of these holy men. Others listen to religious discourses, participate in devotional singing, engage brahman priests for personal rituals, organize mass feedings of monks or the poor, or merely enjoy the spectacle. Amid this diversity of activities, the ritual bath at the conjunction of time and place is the central event of the Kumbha Mela."</ref> Approximately 50 and 30 million people attended the Allahabad Ardh [[Kumbh Mela]] in 2019 and Maha [[Kumbh Mela]] in 2013 respectively to bathe in the holy river [[Ganges]], making them the [[list of largest peaceful gatherings|largest peaceful gathering]] events in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/mauni-amavasya-kumbh-expects-three-crore-pilgrims-to-take-holy-dip/amp_liveblog/67825641.cms|title=Mauni Amavasya: Five crore pilgrims take holy dip at Kumbh till 5 pm|publisher=Times of India|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Allahabad stampede kills 36 Kumbh Mela pilgrims |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/kumbh-mela-stampede-allahabad-update/allahabad-stampede-kills-36-kumbh-mela-pilgrims-idINDEE91907I20130211 |date=11 February 2013|access-date=15 November 2017 |work=Reuters |first=Sharat |last=Pradhan |editor=Neil Fullick |quote=The festival grows in size every time it is held and is considered the world's largest temporary gathering of people. Officials said some 30 million visited the site on Sunday, considered the most auspicious day to bathe in the river. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116074749/https://in.reuters.com/article/kumbh-mela-stampede-allahabad-update/allahabad-stampede-kills-36-kumbh-mela-pilgrims-idINDEE91907I20130211 |archive-date=16 November 2017 }}</ref> | ||
The full Kumbh mela is held every 12 years, while an ''ardha'' (half) mela is held after about 6 years at the same site. The 2013 Kumbh mela was the largest religious gathering in the world with almost 120 million visitors. An [[2019 Prayag Kumbh Mela|Ardh Kumbh Mela]] was held in early 2019. The next full Kumbh mela is scheduled for 2025. The exact date is based on the [[Hindu calendar|Hindu luni-solar calendar]] and is determined by the entry of planet [[Jupiter]] in [[Taurus (astrology)|Taurus]] zodiac and while the sun and the moon is in [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]].<ref>{{cite book |author=James G. Lochtefeld |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA380 |year=2002 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |page=380 }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Approximately once a century, the Kumbh mela returns after 11 years. This is because of Jupiter's orbit of 11.86 years. With each 12 year cycle per the Georgian calendar, a calendar year adjustment appears in approximately 8 cycles.<ref name="Jacobsen2008p40">{{cite book|author=James Lochtefeld|editor=Knut A. Jacobsen|title=South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WT2odZ7_d7MC |year=2008|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-07459-4|pages=40 footnote 3}}</ref>}} | The full Kumbh mela is held every 12 years, while an ''ardha'' (half) mela is held after about 6 years at the same site. The 2013 Kumbh mela was the largest religious gathering in the world with almost 120 million visitors. An [[2019 Prayag Kumbh Mela|Ardh Kumbh Mela]] was held in early 2019. The next full Kumbh mela is scheduled for 2025. The exact date is based on the [[Hindu calendar|Hindu luni-solar calendar]] and is determined by the entry of planet [[Jupiter]] in [[Taurus (astrology)|Taurus]] zodiac and while the sun and the moon is in [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]].<ref>{{cite book |author=James G. Lochtefeld |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA380 |year=2002 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |page=380 }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Approximately once a century, the Kumbh mela returns after 11 years. This is because of Jupiter's orbit of 11.86 years. With each 12 year cycle per the Georgian calendar, a calendar year adjustment appears in approximately 8 cycles.<ref name="Jacobsen2008p40">{{cite book|author=James Lochtefeld|editor=Knut A. Jacobsen|title=South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WT2odZ7_d7MC |year=2008|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-07459-4|pages=40 footnote 3}}</ref>}} | ||