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{{For|the caste that practices Islam|Muslim Dhobi}}{{Short description|Indian word meaning "washerman"}}
#REDIRECT [[Rajak (caste)]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
[[File:A dhobie (washerman) ironing in the early 1870s.jpg|thumb|[[Carte de visite|Carte-de-visite]] of a dhobi ironing (early 1870s)]]
[[File:A washerman.JPG|thumb|A washerman in [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
[[File:Dhobies (Indian Washermen).jpeg|thumb|Tamil washermen near [[Saidapet]], [[Chennai]], c. 1905]]
'''Dhobi''' ({{Translation|'washerman'}}), known in some places as '''Dhupi''' or '''Rajaka''' ('remover of dirt'), is a group of [[Caste system in India|castes]] in India and the greater [[Indian subcontinent]] whose traditional occupations are [[Clothes washing|washing]] and [[ironing]] clothes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2011-01-09|title=Dhobi|url=https://peoplegroupsindia.com/profiles/dhobi/|access-date=2021-05-05|website=People Groups of India|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Channa, Subhadra Mitra. 1991. "Caste, 'Jati' and {{Sic|Enthnicity}}—Some Reflections Based on a Case Study of the Dhobis." ''Indian Anthropologist'' 21(2):39-55. {{JSTOR|41919653}}.</ref>


They are a large community, distributed across [[North India|northern]], [[Central India|central]], [[Western India|western]] and [[East India|eastern India]]; as well as in [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Caste system in Nepal|Nepal]], and [[Caste system in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Dhobi (Hindu traditions) in India|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/16709/IN|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-05|website=Joshua Project|language=en}}</ref> A majority of the community associate themselves with [[Hinduism]].<ref name=":1" /> Many religiously follow Sant Gadge ([[Gadge Maharaj]]), whose ''jayanti'' (birth anniversary) they celebrate every 23rd of February.
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{{R from move}}
The word ''dhobi'' is derived from the [[Hindi]] word ''dhona'', which means 'to wash'.  As such, Dhobi communities in many areas today come under the status of schedule caste (sc).
}}
 
Throughout India and [[south-central Asia]], ''[[dhobi ghat]]'' is to refer to any laundry- or washing-place where many launderers or clothes-washers (either as ordinary people or professionals) wash clothes and other linen. The most notable of these is [[Dhobi Ghat|Dhobi Ghat in Mumbai]].
 
== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
![[States and union territories of India|State]]/[[Union territory|Territory]]
!Known as
!Description
!Status<ref name=":2">http://socialjustice.nic.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Compendium-2016.pdf</ref>
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Rajaka
|In Andhra Pradesh, the Rajakas do farming and agriculture, as well as washing, and ironing. However, there are many Rajakas in all sectors, such as doctors, engineers, lawyers, journalists, social services, IT, and politicians.<ref name="andhrapradesh">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://ncbc.nic.in/Home.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fPdf%2fandhrapradesh.pdf|website=ncbc.nic.in}}</ref>
|[[Other Backward Class|OBC]]
|-
|[[Assam]]
|Dhupi
|In 2001, Assam's Dhupi population was at 49,929, accounting for 2.7% of the total Scheduled Class (SC) population.<ref>"[https://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_assam.pdf Assam - Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes]." ''2001 Census of India''. 2001.</ref> A high of 27.9% of this population was [[Urban area|urban]]. The [[literacy rate]] among this group was 76%, above both the state figure (66.8%) and the aggregated national figure (54.7%) for SCs.
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|
|The Dhobi community in Bihar makes up around 18% of the state's total population, with maximum concentration in [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]], [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], [[Siwan District|Siwan]], [[Purnia district|Purnia]] and [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]] districts, respectively. Bihar's Dhobi community is included in [[Scheduled Caste]] from OBC Status due to socioeconomically low. Now, they are in all sectors, but mainly as government employers, doctors, IT engineers, social service, agriculture, farming and politicians. Among the numerically larger castes of SC, Dhobi have registered the highest overall literacy rate.<ref>http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_bihar.pdf</ref>
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|
|In Madhya Pradesh, Dhobi are a Scheduled Class in the districts of [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]], [[Raisen district|Raisen]], and [[Sehore district|Sehore]].<ref name=":2" />
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]] and OBC elsewhere]
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|Dhupi
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|Dhupi
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|Dhupi
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Odisha]]
|Dhoba, Dhobi, Rajak, Rajaka
|Odisha has a significant population of Dhobi people in its coastal belt, i.e. eastern Odisha ([[Cuttack]], [[Puri district|Puri]], [[Balasore district|Balasore]], [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]) and a smaller population in its central and western areas. They are included in [[Scheduled Caste]] list of Odisha.<ref>http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1766850/</ref>
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|Dhoba
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>{{cite web|title=central list of OBCs Uttar Pradesh|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|publisher=National Commission for Backward Classes, India}}</ref>
|
|The Dhobi population in the state has been classified as SC and OBC.
|[[Other Backward Class|OBC]] and [[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|-
|[[Delhi Union Territory|Delhi]]
|
|
|[[Scheduled Caste|SC]]
|}
 
== See also ==
* ''[[Pardeshi]]'', 2015 movie
*[[Dhobi ghat]]
**[[Dhobi Ghat|Dhobi Ghat, Mumbai]]
**''[[Dhobi Ghat (film)|Dhobi Ghat]]'', 2010 movie
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
 
{{Caste in India}}{{Laundry navbox}}
{{Authority control}}{{India-stub}}
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Bihar]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Social groups of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dalit communities]]
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