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Based on the revenue comparisons for the years 1639 and 1648, the population of Madras in 1639, the year of its founding have been calculated as 7,000.<ref name="lovep557">{{cite book|title=Vestiges of Old Madras, Vol 3|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70164|chapter=Population of Madras|author=H. D. Love|year=1913|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70164/page/n589 557]}}</ref> Captain Thomas Bowrey in his 1670 book ''Countries around the Bay of Bengal'' gives one of the earliest estimates for the population of the city.<ref name="lovep557" /> According to him, Madras had a population of 30,000 including 300 Englishmen and 3,000 Portuguese.{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}} Alexander Hamilton in ''New Account of the East Indies and Persia'' (1718) wrote, | Based on the revenue comparisons for the years 1639 and 1648, the population of Madras in 1639, the year of its founding have been calculated as 7,000.<ref name="lovep557">{{cite book|title=Vestiges of Old Madras, Vol 3|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70164|chapter=Population of Madras|author=H. D. Love|year=1913|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70164/page/n589 557]}}</ref> Captain Thomas Bowrey in his 1670 book ''Countries around the Bay of Bengal'' gives one of the earliest estimates for the population of the city.<ref name="lovep557" /> According to him, Madras had a population of 30,000 including 300 Englishmen and 3,000 Portuguese.{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}} Alexander Hamilton in ''New Account of the East Indies and Persia'' (1718) wrote, | ||
{{ | {{Blockquote|The colony is well peopled, for there is computed to be 80,000 inhabitants in the towns and villages; and there is generally about 4,500 Europeans residing there...{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}}}} | ||
The idea of taking a census of Madras city was first mooted during the Presidency of [[Elihu Yale]]. After being shelved for a time, the question was raised again in 1801 when the [[United Kingdom]] decided to organise an all-India census. The first census of any part of the city was taken in 1795 when the population of Blacktown (presently Georgetown) was determined as 60,000.<ref name="lovep557" /> According to an 1822 estimate, Madras had a population of 462,051 while an 1863 report by Charles Trevelyan to the Royal Sanitary Commission records that there were not less than a million people in Madras city.{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}} | The idea of taking a census of Madras city was first mooted during the Presidency of [[Elihu Yale]]. After being shelved for a time, the question was raised again in 1801 when the [[United Kingdom]] decided to organise an all-India census. The first census of any part of the city was taken in 1795 when the population of Blacktown (presently Georgetown) was determined as 60,000.<ref name="lovep557" /> According to an 1822 estimate, Madras had a population of 462,051 while an 1863 report by Charles Trevelyan to the Royal Sanitary Commission records that there were not less than a million people in Madras city.{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}} | ||
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However, these early estimates and the methods used have been criticized by later enumerators. According to population scientist Christophe Guilmoto, the early enumerations were not censuses but "simple headcounts providing little information beyond the sub regional sex distribution". [[W. R. Cornish]], who was the Madras Superintendent of the 1871 Census, the first organised census in British India, wrote | However, these early estimates and the methods used have been criticized by later enumerators. According to population scientist Christophe Guilmoto, the early enumerations were not censuses but "simple headcounts providing little information beyond the sub regional sex distribution". [[W. R. Cornish]], who was the Madras Superintendent of the 1871 Census, the first organised census in British India, wrote | ||
{{ | {{Blockquote|... the estimates of the population of Madras prior to 1867 have been so various and the direct Censuses of 1822 and 1863 were so evidently untrustworthy that it had long been found utterly impossible to any satisfactory conclusion as to the actual number of people living in the city}} | ||
The first organized census of Madras city and its environs was undertaken in 1871 as a part of the India Census. Madras had a total population of 397,552 in 1871 making it India's third most populous city after [[Calcutta]] and [[Bombay]].{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}}It was also the fifth largest city in the British Empire. | The first organized census of Madras city and its environs was undertaken in 1871 as a part of the India Census. Madras had a total population of 397,552 in 1871 making it India's third most populous city after [[Calcutta]] and [[Bombay]].{{sfn|Muthiah|2008|pp=76-92}}It was also the fifth largest city in the British Empire. | ||
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! 2011<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS</ref> | ! 2011<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS {{Bare URL spreadsheet|date=April 2022}}</ref> | ||
| 80.73 | | 80.73 | ||
| 9.45 | | 9.45 | ||
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Hinduism is the majority faith in Chennai. The temples towns of [[Mylapore]], [[Triplicane]], [[Thiruvottiyur]], [[Saidapet]] and [[Thiruvanmiyur]], which are now part of Chennai city, had been visited by the [[Saivite]] saints called [[Nayanars]]. The saint [[Vayilar]] Nayanar was born and brought up in Mylapore. [[Sambandar]] gives a physical description of Mylapore in his hymns | Hinduism is the majority faith in Chennai. The temples towns of [[Mylapore]], [[Triplicane]], [[Thiruvottiyur]], [[Saidapet]] and [[Thiruvanmiyur]], which are now part of Chennai city, had been visited by the [[Saivite]] saints called [[Nayanars]]. The saint [[Vayilar]] Nayanar was born and brought up in Mylapore. [[Sambandar]] gives a physical description of Mylapore in his hymns | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|In Mylapore of beautiful groves,<br />The waves creep up to the shore and then dance on it<br />As do the fisherfolk who spear the many fish in the waters,<br />Kapaleeswaram in its plenty celebrates the Thiruvadhirai festival,<br />Is it done for you to miss this excitement, Poompavai?}} | ||
The early ''dubashes'' or Indian merchants who worked for the British East India Company were devout Hindus. The [[Chennakesava Perumal Temple, Chennai|Chennakesava Perumal Temple]], considered to be the chief Hindu temple of Madraspatnam and first to be built since the founding of the city in 1640, was constructed by the ''dubash'' [[Beri Thimmanna]] in 1646. Chennai is also an important centre of the [[Ramakrishna Order]] whose oldest institution the [[Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai|Sri Ramakrishna Math]] was founded in Chennai in May 1897. Since 1882, Chennai has been the headquarters of the [[Theosophical Society]], a spiritual organisation dedicated to the study of world religions and inter-faith dialogue. | The early ''dubashes'' or Indian merchants who worked for the British East India Company were devout Hindus. The [[Chennakesava Perumal Temple, Chennai|Chennakesava Perumal Temple]], considered to be the chief Hindu temple of Madraspatnam and first to be built since the founding of the city in 1640, was constructed by the ''dubash'' [[Beri Thimmanna]] in 1646. Chennai is also an important centre of the [[Ramakrishna Order]] whose oldest institution the [[Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai|Sri Ramakrishna Math]] was founded in Chennai in May 1897. Since 1882, Chennai has been the headquarters of the [[Theosophical Society]], a spiritual organisation dedicated to the study of world religions and inter-faith dialogue. | ||
According to a 1981 estimate, there were about 600 Hindu temples in Chennai city. The important among them are the Chennakesava Perumal Temple, Chenna Mallesvarar Temple [[Kapaleeswarar Temple]], [[Parthasarathy Temple, Triplicane|Parthasarathy Temple]], [[Vadapalani Andavar Temple]], [[Ashtalakshmi Kovil]], [[Kalikambal Temple]] and the [[Thiruvalluvar Temple]]. | According to a 1981 estimate, there were about 600 Hindu temples in Chennai city. The important among them are the Chennakesava Perumal Temple, Chenna Mallesvarar Temple [[Kapaleeswarar Temple]], [[Parthasarathy Temple, Triplicane|Parthasarathy Temple]], [[Vadapalani Andavar Temple]], [[Ashtalakshmi Kovil]], [[Kalikambal Temple]] and the [[Thiruvalluvar Temple]]. | ||
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Tamil is the most common language, being the mother tongue of about 76.7% of Chennai inhabitants, followed by Telugu (10.5%), Urdu (2.8%), Malayalam (2.2%) and Hindi (2.1%). English is commonly used as a second language by [[white-collar worker]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population Of Chennai 2017|url=http://indiapopulation2017.in/population-of-chennai-2017.html|website=indiapopulation2017.in}}</ref> In 1891, the percentage of people who speak Tamil was 60.4% followed by Telugu 22.25% and the percentage of people who speak Tamil as their mother tongue had increased from 61.2 in 1901 to 76.7 in 1991 while those who speak Telugu had fallen from 21.3 in 1901 to 10.5 in 1991 and those of Urdu from 9.1 in 1901 to 2.8 in 1991 and English from 3.1 in 1901 to 0.3 in 1991. On the contrary, the percentage of people who speak Malayalam as their mother tongue has increased from 0.2 in 1901 to 2.2 in 1991 and Hindi, from 0.3 in 1901 to 2.1 in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=4&pages=701#page/1/mode/1up|title=The Record News|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|access-date=2016-04-27}}</ref> | Tamil is the most common language, being the mother tongue of about 76.7% of Chennai inhabitants, followed by Telugu (10.5%), Urdu (2.8%), Malayalam (2.2%) and Hindi (2.1%). English is commonly used as a second language by [[white-collar worker]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population Of Chennai 2017|url=http://indiapopulation2017.in/population-of-chennai-2017.html|website=indiapopulation2017.in}}</ref> In 1891, the percentage of people who speak Tamil was 60.4% followed by Telugu 22.25% and the percentage of people who speak Tamil as their mother tongue had increased from 61.2 in 1901 to 76.7 in 1991 while those who speak Telugu had fallen from 21.3 in 1901 to 10.5 in 1991 and those of Urdu from 9.1 in 1901 to 2.8 in 1991 and English from 3.1 in 1901 to 0.3 in 1991. On the contrary, the percentage of people who speak Malayalam as their mother tongue has increased from 0.2 in 1901 to 2.2 in 1991 and Hindi, from 0.3 in 1901 to 2.1 in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=4&pages=701#page/1/mode/1up|title=The Record News|website=dsal.uchicago.edu|access-date=2016-04-27}}</ref> | ||
The fall in the Telugu-speaking population has been attributed to the mass migration of Telugu-speakers from the city upon the formation of Andhra State in 1953 while the decrease in the proportion of people who spoke English as their mother tongue has been attributed to the departure of most Europeans and Anglo-Indians for the United Kingdom following India's independence in 1947. Only a handful of Hindi speakers appear to have lived in Chennai in 1901 and they did not have a notable presence till the inauguration of the | The fall in the Telugu-speaking population has been attributed to the mass migration of Telugu-speakers from the city upon the formation of Andhra State in 1953 while the decrease in the proportion of people who spoke English as their mother tongue has been attributed to the departure of most Europeans and Anglo-Indians for the United Kingdom following India's independence in 1947. Only a handful of Hindi speakers appear to have lived in Chennai in 1901 and they did not have a notable presence till the inauguration of the [[India|Republic of India]] in 1950. However, since 1950, their numbers have increased rapidly. | ||
In 1871, Madras has 60.2% Tamil population, 22.3% Telugu population. Most of the Telugu population Migrated to Madras from Telugu areas (Andhra in present) in 19th Century | In 1871, Madras has 60.2% Tamil population, 22.3% Telugu population. Most of the Telugu population Migrated to Madras from Telugu areas (Andhra in present) in 19th Century and some Tamil population are migrated to Madras from other parts of Tamil Nadu. There are over 200,000 Gujaratis in the city.<ref>{{cite news | ||
| title = Navratri nights keep Gujaratis on their toes | |||
| newspaper = The Times of India | |||
| location = Chennai | |||
| publisher = The Times Group | |||
| date = 10 October 2013 | |||
| url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2013/10/10&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00401&ViewMode=HTML | |||
| access-date = 19 Oct 2013}}</ref> | |||
==Ethnicities== | ==Ethnicities== | ||
===Jains=== | ===Jains=== | ||
There are both North-Indian and Tamil Jains in the city, although the former outnumber the latter. There are about 100 Jain temples in the city built by the North Indian Jains, whereas there are only 18 Tamil Jain temples catering to roughly 1,500 Tamil Jain families.<ref>{{cite news | There are both North-Indian and Tamil Jains in the city, although the former outnumber the latter. There are about 100 Jain temples in the city built by the North Indian Jains, whereas there are only 18 Tamil Jain temples catering to roughly 1,500 Tamil Jain families.<ref>{{cite news | ||
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| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/tamil-jain/article5504164.ece | | url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/tamil-jain/article5504164.ece | ||
| access-date = 27 April 2014}}</ref> | | access-date = 27 April 2014}}</ref> | ||
===Sikhs=== | ===Sikhs=== | ||